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Article ; Online: Review article: the current status of CT-guided needle biopsy of the spine.

Saifuddin, Asif / Palloni, Valentina / du Preez, Hannah / Junaid, Syed Ehtasham

2020 Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 281–299

Abstract: CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of the spine is a well-described technique for determining the nature of indeterminate vertebral lesions or establishing a diagnosis of spinal infection, the high diagnostic accuracy and the safety of the procedure ... ...

Abstract	CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of the spine is a well-described technique for determining the nature of indeterminate vertebral lesions or establishing a diagnosis of spinal infection, the high diagnostic accuracy and the safety of the procedure having been extensively documented. The purpose of the current article is to review the literature to date on CT-guided spinal biopsy. Specifically, indications for spinal biopsy, techniques for optimising yield, detail of the approaches for various spinal levels which is dependent upon both the region within the spinal column and lesion location within the vertebra (body vs. neural arch), determinants of biopsy outcome and complications are covered. It is hoped that the review will be of particular benefit to junior radiologists who are required to perform this procedure.
MeSH term(s)	Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy ; Needles ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	527592-1
ISSN	1432-2161 ; 0364-2348
ISSN (online)	1432-2161
ISSN	0364-2348
DOI	10.1007/s00256-020-03584-9
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Article ; Online: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: Incidental findings in paediatric and adult populations.

Preez, Hannah du / Lasker, Imran / Rajakulasingam, Ramanan / Saifuddin, Asif

European journal of radiology

2020 Volume 130, Page(s) 109156

Abstract: Purpose: To determine the prevalence and characterise the significance of incidental findings on whole-body MRI in paediatric and adult populations.: Methods: A retrospective, single-institution study over a period of 8 years. The study population ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To determine the prevalence and characterise the significance of incidental findings on whole-body MRI in paediatric and adult populations. Methods: A retrospective, single-institution study over a period of 8 years. The study population comprised 325 paediatric (0-18 yrs) patients and 148 adults (19-40 yrs) referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology centre, who underwent whole-body MRI for a range of pathological indications. Incidental findings were recorded according to pathology (musculoskeletal or non-musculoskeletal), site and clinical relevance. Results: Eighty-seven of 325 (26.8 %) paediatric patients and 51 of 148 (35.8 %) adults had incidental findings detected on whole-body MRI. The most common site was the musculoskeletal system, and within this location the lower limbs. Eighty-nine percent of incidental findings in paediatric patients and 79 % of incidental findings in adults were classified as being of either minor or no clinical significance. Conclusion: Incidental findings are common in paediatric and adult patients undergoing whole-body MRI, and are most frequently found in the lower limbs. The overwhelming majority are of minor clinical significance.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Whole Body Imaging/methods ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	138815-0
ISSN	1872-7727 ; 0720-048X
ISSN (online)	1872-7727
ISSN	0720-048X
DOI	10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109156
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Article: Hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome: a pictoral review.

du Preez, Hannah / Adams, Ashok / Richards, Polly / Whitley, Simon

Insights into imaging

2016 Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 793–800

Abstract: Hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited endocrine neoplasia syndrome, which predisposes carriers to develop a triad of multiple ossifying fibromas of the maxilla and mandible, parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas ( ... ...

Abstract	Hyperparathyroidism jaw tumour syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited endocrine neoplasia syndrome, which predisposes carriers to develop a triad of multiple ossifying fibromas of the maxilla and mandible, parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas (with consequent hyperparathyroidism) as well as renal and uterine tumours. The prevalence of this condition is unknown. Patients typically present initially with symptoms and signs of a jaw tumour. A high index of suspicion is required for the underlying diagnosis to be recognised, enabling appropriate management of jaw lesions, treatment of hyperparathyroidism, if present, as well as early detection of malignant disease and screening of family members. Teaching points: • HPT-JT is a rare autosomal dominant inherited endocrine neoplasia syndrome. • HPT-JT causes facial disfigurement, morbidity secondary to hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. • Patients can present with ossifying fibromas of the jaw, hypercalcaemia or malignancy. • A high index of suspicion is required for the underlying diagnosis to be recognised. • Management involves screening of family members.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2543323-4
ISSN	1869-4101
ISSN	1869-4101
DOI	10.1007/s13244-016-0519-0
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Article ; Online: Musculoskeletal complications of haematological disease.

Morais, Sandra A / du Preez, Hannah E / Akhtar, Mohammed Rashid / Cross, Susan / Isenberg, David A

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

2015 Volume 55, Issue 6, Page(s) 968–981

Abstract: Rheumatological manifestations complicate many benign and malignant blood disorders. Significant advances in haematology, with improved diagnostic techniques and newer musculoskeletal imaging, have occurred in the past two decades. This review focuses on ...

Abstract	Rheumatological manifestations complicate many benign and malignant blood disorders. Significant advances in haematology, with improved diagnostic techniques and newer musculoskeletal imaging, have occurred in the past two decades. This review focuses on the interrelationship between the major haematological diseases (haemochromatosis, haemophilia, sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, leukaemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple myeloma and cryoglobulinaemia) and rheumatic manifestations.
MeSH term(s)	Hematologic Diseases/complications ; Hemochromatosis/complications ; Humans ; Leukemia/complications ; Lymphoma/complications ; Rheumatic Diseases/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-10-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1464822-2
ISSN	1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
ISSN (online)	1462-0332
ISSN	1462-0324
DOI	10.1093/rheumatology/kev360
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Article ; Online: Pangolins in global camera trap data

Hannah Khwaja / Claire Buchan / Oliver R. Wearn / Laila Bahaa-el-din / Drew Bantlin / Henry Bernard / Robert Bitariho / Torsten Bohm / Jimmy Borah / Jedediah Brodie / Wanlop Chutipong / Byron du Preez / Alex Ebang-Mbele / Sarah Edwards / Emilie Fairet / Jackson L. Frechette / Adrian Garside / Luke Gibson / Anthony Giordano /

Govindan Veeraswami Gopi / Alys Granados / Sanjay Gubbi / Franziska Harich / Barbara Haurez / Rasmus W. Havmøller / Olga Helmy / Lynne A. Isbell / Kate Jenks / Riddhika Kalle / Anucha Kamjing / Daphawan Khamcha / Cisquet Kiebou-Opepa / Margaret Kinnaird / Caroline Kruger / Anne Laudisoit / Antony Lynam / Suzanne E. Macdonald / John Mathai / Julia Metsio Sienne / Amelia Meier / David Mills / Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan / Yoshihiro Nakashima / Helen C. Nash / Dusit Ngoprasert / An Nguyen / Tim O’Brien / David Olson / Christopher Orbell / John Poulsen

Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol 20, Iss , Pp - (2019)

Implications for ecological monitoring

2019

Abstract: Despite being heavily exploited, pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) have been subject to limited research, resulting in a lack of reliable population estimates and standardised survey methods for the eight extant species. Camera trapping represents a unique ... ...

Abstract	Despite being heavily exploited, pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) have been subject to limited research, resulting in a lack of reliable population estimates and standardised survey methods for the eight extant species. Camera trapping represents a unique opportunity for broad-scale collaborative species monitoring due to its largely non-discriminatory nature, which creates considerable volumes of data on a relatively wide range of species. This has the potential to shed light on the ecology of rare, cryptic and understudied taxa, with implications for conservation decision-making. We undertook a global analysis of available pangolin data from camera trapping studies across their range in Africa and Asia. Our aims were (1) to assess the utility of existing camera trapping efforts as a method for monitoring pangolin populations, and (2) to gain insights into the distribution and ecology of pangolins. We analysed data collated from 103 camera trap surveys undertaken across 22 countries that fell within the range of seven of the eight pangolin species, which yielded more than half a million trap nights and 888 pangolin encounters. We ran occupancy analyses on three species (Sunda pangolin Manis javanica, white-bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis and giant pangolin Smutsia gigantea). Detection probabilities varied with forest cover and levels of human influence for P. tricuspis, but were low (<0.05) for all species. Occupancy was associated with distance from rivers for M. javanica and S. gigantea, elevation for P. tricuspis and S. gigantea, forest cover for P. tricuspis and protected area status for M. javanica and P. tricuspis. We conclude that camera traps are suitable for the detection of pangolins and large-scale assessment of their distributions. However, the trapping effort required to monitor populations at any given study site using existing methods appears prohibitively high. This may change in the future should anticipated technological and methodological advances in camera trapping facilitate greater ...
Keywords	Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Pangolins in global camera trap data

Khwaja, Hannah / Buchan, Claire / Wearn, Oliver R. / Bahaa-el-din, Laila / Bantlin, Drew / Bernard, Henry / Bitariho, Robert / Bohm, Torsten / Borah, Jimmy / Brodie, Jedediah / Chutipong, Wanlop / du Preez, Byron / Ebang-Mbele, Alex / Edwards, Sarah / Fairet, Emilie / Frechette, Jackson L. / Garside, Adrian / Gibson, Luke / Giordano, Anthony /

Veeraswami Gopi, Govindan / Granados, Alys / Gubbi, Sanjay / Harich, Franziska / Haurez, Barbara / Havmøller, Rasmus W. / Helmy, Olga / Isbell, Lynne A. / Jenks, Kate / Kalle, Riddhika / Kamjing, Anucha / Khamcha, Daphawan / Kiebou-Opepa, Cisquet / Kinnaird, Margaret / Kruger, Caroline / Laudisoit, Anne / Lynam, Antony / Macdonald, Suzanne E. / Mathai, John / Sienne, Julia Metsio / Meier, Amelia / Mills, David / Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan / Nakashima, Yoshihiro / Nash, Helen C. / Ngoprasert, Dusit / Nguyen, An / O'Brien, Tim / Olson, David / Orbell, Christopher / Poulsen, John / Ramesh, Tharmalingam / Reeder, Dee Ann / Reyna, Rafael / Rich, Lindsey N. / Rode-Margono, Johanna / Rovero, Francesco / Sheil, Douglas / Shirley, Matthew H. / Stratford, Ken / Sukumal, Niti / Suwanrat, Saranphat / Tantipisanuh, Naruemon / Tilker, Andrew / Van Berkel, Tim / Van der Weyde, Leanne K. / Varney, Matthew / Weise, Florian / Wiesel, Ingrid / Wilting, Andreas / Wong, Seth T. / Waterman, Carly / Challender, Daniel W.S.

Global Ecology and Conservation

Implications for ecological monitoring

2019 Volume 20

Abstract	Despite being heavily exploited, pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) have been subject to limited research, resulting in a lack of reliable population estimates and standardised survey methods for the eight extant species. Camera trapping represents a unique opportunity for broad-scale collaborative species monitoring due to its largely non-discriminatory nature, which creates considerable volumes of data on a relatively wide range of species. This has the potential to shed light on the ecology of rare, cryptic and understudied taxa, with implications for conservation decision-making. We undertook a global analysis of available pangolin data from camera trapping studies across their range in Africa and Asia. Our aims were (1) to assess the utility of existing camera trapping efforts as a method for monitoring pangolin populations, and (2) to gain insights into the distribution and ecology of pangolins. We analysed data collated from 103 camera trap surveys undertaken across 22 countries that fell within the range of seven of the eight pangolin species, which yielded more than half a million trap nights and 888 pangolin encounters. We ran occupancy analyses on three species (Sunda pangolin Manis javanica, white-bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis and giant pangolin Smutsia gigantea). Detection probabilities varied with forest cover and levels of human influence for P. tricuspis, but were low (<0.05) for all species. Occupancy was associated with distance from rivers for M. javanica and S. gigantea, elevation for P. tricuspis and S. gigantea, forest cover for P. tricuspis and protected area status for M. javanica and P. tricuspis. We conclude that camera traps are suitable for the detection of pangolins and large-scale assessment of their distributions. However, the trapping effort required to monitor populations at any given study site using existing methods appears prohibitively high. This may change in the future should anticipated technological and methodological advances in camera trapping facilitate greater ...
Keywords	Camera trap ; Detection ; Macroecology ; Monitoring ; Occupancy modelling ; Pangolin
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2814786-8
ISSN	2351-9894
ISSN	2351-9894
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Pangolins in global camera trap data: Implications for ecological monitoring

Khwaja, Hannah / Bahaa-EL-Din, Laila / Bantlin, Drew / Berkel, Tim Van / Bernard, Henry / Bitariho, Robert / Bohm, Torsten / Borah, Jimmy / Brodie, Jedediah / Buchan, Claire / Challender, DanielW.S / Chutipong, Wanlop / David, M.I.L.L.S / Ebang-Mbele, Alex / Edwards, Sarah / Fairet, Emilie / Frechette, Jackson L / Garside, Adrian / Gibson, Luke /

Giordano, Anthony / Granados, Alys / Gubbi, Sanjay / Harich, Franziska / Haurez, Barbara / Havmøller, Rasmus W / Helmy, Olga / Isbell, Lynne A / Jenks, Kate / Kalle, Riddhika / Kamjing, Anucha / Khamcha, Daphawan / Kiebou-Opepa, Cisquet / Kinnaird, Margaret / Kruger, Caroline / Laudisoit, Anne / Lynam, Antony / Macdonald, Suzanne E / Mathai, John / Meier, Amelia / Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan / Nakashima, Yoshihiro / Nash, Helen C / Ngoprasert, Dusit / Nguyen, An / O’Brien, Tim / Olson, David / Orbell, Christopher / Poulsen, John / Preez, Byron DU / Ramesh, Tharmalingam / Reeder, DeeAnn / Reyna, Rafael / Rich, Lindsey N / Rode-Margono, Johanna / Rovero, Francesco / Sheil, Douglas / Shirley, Matthew H / Sienne, Julia Metsio / Stratford, Ken / Sukumal, Niti / Suwanrat, Saranphat / Tantipisanuh, Naruemon / Tilker, Andrew / Varney, Matthew / Veeraswami GOPI, Govindan / Waterman, Carly / Wearn, Oliver R / Weise, Florian / Weyde, LeanneK. Vander / Wiesel, Ingrid / Wilting, Andreas / Wong, Seth T

Global ecology and conservation. 2019 Aug. 31,

2019

Abstract	Despite being heavily exploited, pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) have been subject to limited research, resulting in a lack of reliable population estimates and standardised survey methods for the eight extant species. Camera trapping represents a unique opportunity for broad-scale collaborative species monitoring due to its largely non-discriminatory nature, which creates considerable volumes of data on a relatively wide range of species. This has the potential to shed light on the ecology of rare, cryptic and understudied taxa, with implications for conservation decision-making. We undertook a global analysis of available pangolin data from camera trapping studies across their range in Africa and Asia. Our aims were (1) to assess the utility of existing camera trapping efforts as a method for monitoring pangolin populations, and (2) to gain insights into the distribution and ecology of pangolins. We analysed data collated from 103 camera trap surveys undertaken across 22 countries that fell within the range of seven of the eight pangolin species, which yielded more than half a million trap nights and 888 pangolin encounters. We ran occupancy analyses on three species (Sunda pangolin Manis javanica, white-bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis and giant pangolin Smutsia gigantea). Detection probabilities varied with forest cover and levels of human influence for P. tricuspis, but were low (<0.05) for all species. Occupancy was associated with distance from rivers for M. javanica and S. gigantea, elevation for P. tricuspis and S. gigantea, forest cover for P. tricuspis and protected area status for M. javanica and P. tricuspis. We conclude that camera traps are suitable for the detection of pangolins and large-scale assessment of their distributions. However, the trapping effort required to monitor populations at any given study site using existing methods appears prohibitively high. This may change in the future should anticipated technological and methodological advances in camera trapping facilitate greater sampling efforts and/or higher probabilities of detection. In particular, targeted camera placement for pangolins is likely to make pangolin monitoring more feasible with moderate sampling efforts.
Keywords	camera trapping ; cameras ; conservation areas ; decision making ; ecology ; forests ; humans ; Manis gigantea ; Manis javanica ; rivers ; surveys ; trapping ; Africa ; Asia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0831
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2814786-8
ISSN	2351-9894
ISSN	2351-9894
DOI	10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00769
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Risk factors for COVID-19 death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa

Boulle, Andrew / Davies, Mary-Ann / Hussey, Hannah / Ismail, Muzzammil / Morden, Erna / Vundle, Ziyanda / Zweigenthal, Virginia / Mahomed, Hassan / Paleker, Masudah / Pienaar, David / Tembo, Yamanya / Lawrence, Charlene / Isaacs, Washiefa / Mathema, Hlengani / Allen, Derick / Allie, Taryn / Bam, Jamy-Lee / Buddiga, Kasturi / Dane, Pierre /

Heekes, Alexa / Matlapeng, Boitumelo / Mutemaringa, Themba / Muzarabani, Luckmore / Phelanyane, Florence / Pienaar, Rory / Rode, Catherine / Smith, Mariette / Tiffin, Nicki / Zinyakatira, Nesbert / Cragg, Carol / Marais, Frederick / Mudaly, Vanessa / Voget, Jacqueline / Davids, Jody / Roodt, Francois / van Zyl Smit, Nellis / Vermeulen, Alda / Adams, Kevin / Audley, Gordon / Bateman, Kathleen / Beckwith, Peter / Bernon, Marc / Blom, Dirk / Boloko, Linda / Botha, Jean / Boutall, Adam / Burmeister, Sean / Cairncross, Lydia / Calligaro, Gregory / Coccia, Cecilia / Corin, Chadwin / Daroowala, Remy / Dave, Joel A / De Bruyn, Elsa / De Villiers, Martin / Deetlefs, Mimi / Dlamini, Sipho / Du Toit, Thomas / Endres, Wilhelm / Europa, Tarin / Fieggan, Graham / Figaji, Anthony / Frankenfeld, Petro / Gatley, Elizabeth / Gina, Phindile / Govender, Evashan / Grobler, Rochelle / Gule, Manqoba Vusumuzi / Hanekom, Christoff / Held, Michael / Heynes, Alana / Hlatswayo, Sabelo / Hodkinson, Bridget / Holtzhausen, Jeanette / Hoosain, Shakeel / Jacobs, Ashely / Kahn, Miriam / Kahn, Thania / Khamajeet, Arvin / Khan, Joubin / Khan, Riaasat / Khwitshana, Alicia / Knight, Lauren / Kooverjee, Sharita / Krogscheepers, Rene / Jacque Kruger, Jean / Kuhn, Suzanne / Laubscher, Kim / Lazarus, John / Le Roux, Jacque / Lee Jones, Scott / Levin, Dion / Maartens, Gary / Majola, Thina / Manganyi, Rodgers / Marais, David / Marais, Suzaan / Maritz, Francois / Maughan, Deborah / Mazondwa, Simthandile / Mbanga, Luyanda / Mbatani, Nomonde / Mbena, Bulewa / Meintjes, Graeme / Mendelson, Marc / Möller, Ernst / Moore, Allison / Ndebele, Babalwa / Nortje, Marc / Ntusi, Ntobeko / Nyengane, Funeka / Ofoegbu, Chima / Papavarnavas, Nectarios / Peter, Jonny / Pickard, Henri / Pluke, Kent / Raubenheimer, Peter J / Robertson, Gordon / Rozmiarek, Julius / Sayed, A / Scriba, Matthias / Sekhukhune, Hennie / Singh, Prasun / Smith, Elsabe / Soldati, Vuyolwethu / Stek, Cari / van den berg, Robert / van der Merwe, Le Roux / Venter, Pieter / Vermooten, Barbra / Viljoen, Gerrit / Viranna, Santhuri / Vogel, Jonno / Vundla, Nokubonga / Wasserman, Sean / Zitha, Eddy / Lomas-Marais, Vanessa / Lombard, Annie / Stuve, Katrin / Viljoen, Werner / Basson, De Vries / Le Roux, Sue / Linden-Mars, Ethel / Victor, Lizanne / Wates, Mark / Zwanepoel, Elbe / Ebrahim, Nabilah / Lahri, Sa'ad / Mnguni, Ayanda / Crede, Thomas / de Man, Martin / Evans, Katya / Hendrikse, Clint / Naude, Jonathan / Parak, Moosa / Szymanski, Patrick / Van Koningsbruggen, Candice / Abrahams, Riezaah / Allwood, Brian / Botha, Christoffel / Henndrik Botha, Matthys / Broadhurst, Alistair / Claasen, Dirkie / Daniel, Che / Dawood, Riyaadh / du Preez, Marie / Du Toit, Nicolene / Erasmus, Kobie / Koegelenberg, Coenraad F N / Gabriel, Shiraaz / Hugo, Susan / Jardine, Thabiet / Johannes, Clint / Karamchand, Sumanth / Lalla, Usha / Langenegger, Eduard / Louw, Eize / Mashigo, Boitumelo / Mhlana, Nonte / Mnqwazi, Chizama / Moodley, Ashley / Moodley, Desiree / Moolla, Saadiq / Mowlana, Abdurasiet / Nortje, Andre / Olivier, Elzanne / Parker, Arifa / Paulsen, Chané / Prozesky, Hans / Rood, Jacques / Sabela, Tholakele / Schrueder, Neshaad / Sithole, Nokwanda / Sithole, Sthembiso / Taljaard, Jantjie J / Titus, Gideon / Van Der Merwe, Tian / van Schalkwyk, Marije / Vazi, Luthando / Viljoen, Abraham J / Yazied Chothia, Mogamat / Naidoo, Vanessa / Alan Wallis, Lee / Abbass, Mumtaz / Arendse, Juanita / Armien, Rizqa / Bailey, Rochelle / Bello, Muideen / Carelse, Rachel / Forgus, Sheron / Kalawe, Nosi / Kariem, Saadiq / Kotze, Mariska / Lucas, Jonathan / McClaughlin, Juanita / Murie, Kathleen / Najjaar, Leilah / Petersen, Liesel / Porter, James / Shaw, Melanie / Stapar, Dusica / Williams, Michelle / Aldum, Linda / Berkowitz, Natacha / Girran, Raakhee / Lee, Kevin / Naidoo, Lenny / Neumuller, Caroline / Anderson, Kim / Begg, Kerrin / Boerlage, Lisa / Cornell, Morna / de Waal, Renée / Dudley, Lilian / English, René / Euvrard, Jonathan / Groenewald, Pam / Jacob, Nisha / Jaspan, Heather / Kalk, Emma / Levitt, Naomi / Malaba, Thoko / Nyakato, Patience / Patten, Gabriela / Schneider, Helen / Shung King, Maylene / Tsondai, Priscilla / Van Duuren, James / van Schaik, Nienke / Blumberg, Lucille / Cohen, Cheryl / Govender, Nelesh / Jassat, Waasila / Kufa, Tendesayi / McCarthy, Kerrigan / Morris, Lynn / Hsiao, Nei-yuan / Marais, Ruan / Ambler, Jon / Ngwenya, Olina / Osei-Yeboah, Richard / Johnson, Leigh / Kassanjee, Reshma / Tamuhla, Tsaone

Clinical Infectious Diseases ; ISSN 1058-4838 1537-6591

2020

Abstract: Abstract Background Risk factors for COVID-19 death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of HIV and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. Methods We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public sector ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Risk factors for COVID-19 death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of HIV and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. Methods We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox-proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, location and comorbidities to examine the association between HIV, tuberculosis and COVID-19 death from 1 March-9 June 2020 among (i) public sector “active patients” (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020), (ii) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases and (iii) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19 comparing HIV positive vs. negative adults using modelled population estimates. Results Among 3,460,932 patients (16% HIV positive), 22,308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. COVID-19 death was associated with male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. HIV was associated with COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70-2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral load and immunosuppression. Current and previous tuberculosis were associated with COVID-19 death (aHR [95%CI] 2.70 [1.81-4.04] and 1.51 [1.18-1.93] respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95%CI 1.96-2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95%CI 6.1-11.1). Conclusion While our findings may over-estimate HIV- and tuberculosis-associated COVID-19 mortality risks due to residual confounding, both HIV and current tuberculosis were independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. The associations between age, sex and other comorbidities and COVID-19 mortality were similar to other settings.
Keywords	Microbiology (medical) ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publishing country	uk
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciaa1198
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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