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Article ; Online: Oral Manifestations of Chikungunya and its Comparison with Dengue Fever

Sandeep Singh Sihmar / Karthikhan Ramalingam / Sandeep Goyal / Shalini Rathi

RUHS Journal of Health Sciences (2023)

A Literature Review with an Indian Perspective

2023

Abstract: Chikungunya and dengue outbreaks currently affect thousands of individuals all over the world since the past decade. Both are arthropod-transmitted disease but dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne infection worldwide. These diseases are ... ...

Abstract	Chikungunya and dengue outbreaks currently affect thousands of individuals all over the world since the past decade. Both are arthropod-transmitted disease but dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne infection worldwide. These diseases are debilitating and if inadequately treated increases the chance of mortality. Recurrent epidemics of chikungunya and dengue, which are Aedes mosquito-borne viral diseases, represent a significant health problem in over a hundred tropical countries. With the re-emergence of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENY) cases have also been reported in parts of Europe and other parts of the Asian subcontinent. This review focuses on the oral manifestations of these diseases with relevant data from the Indian perspective. The objective of this review is to educate dental practitioners on the oral manifestations of both CHIKV and DENY which may help in the early diagnosis and prompt management of these viral diseases.
Keywords	Not available ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sonali Sharma on behalf of Rajasthan University of Health Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Developing Odontoma in the Mandible of an Eight-Year-Old Boy.

Singh Sihmar, Sandeep / Rathi, Shalini / Ramalingam, Karthikeyan / Ramani, Pratibha / Sethuraman, Sathya

Cureus

2024 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e56230

Abstract: Benign mixed odontogenic tumors have been repeatedly classified and reclassified over the past few decades. Odontoma is considered a hamartoma due to its slow growth and non-aggressive nature. We present an interesting case of developing odontoma in an ... ...

Abstract	Benign mixed odontogenic tumors have been repeatedly classified and reclassified over the past few decades. Odontoma is considered a hamartoma due to its slow growth and non-aggressive nature. We present an interesting case of developing odontoma in an eight-year-old boy. His complaint was a slow-growing swelling in the lower right back tooth region. Clinical examination revealed a carious deciduous second molar. The orthopantomogram revealed a well-defined radiolucency around the unerupted mandibular first premolar and impacted mandibular second premolar. Histopathology revealed an odontogenic epithelial lining overlying myxofibrous stroma with inflammatory cells and calcified structures with few odontogenic rests. Special staining methods including Van Gieson and modified Gallego stains led to the final diagnosis of a developing odontoma.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.56230
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Prevalence and Distribution of Developmental Defects of Enamel in Children Aged 12-15 Years in Fazilka District, Punjab, India, and Their Correlation With Drinking Water Fluoride Level.

Sidhu, Sandeep / Kathuria, Navneet / Mahajan, Bela / Sidhu, Gagandeep K / Ramalingam, Karthikeyan

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) e51238

Abstract: Background and objectives: Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamels, caused by successive exposures to high concentrations of fluoride during odontogenesis, leading to enamels with lower mineral content and increased porosity. ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamels, caused by successive exposures to high concentrations of fluoride during odontogenesis, leading to enamels with lower mineral content and increased porosity. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence and severity of developmental defects and their relationship to fluoride levels in drinking water. Methods: Ten villages were selected from Fazilka district, Punjab, India. A total of 1000 (519 males, 481 females) school children aged 12-15 years formed the study population. Eutech ION 2700 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States) was used for the estimation of fluoride levels in water. Developmental defects were screened and assessed using the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index. Statistical evaluation was done using Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation and the Chi-square test with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23, (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results: The fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 ppm. The prevalence of developmental defects among the study population was 73.4% (range 59% to 100%). The most commonly observed type of defect was diffuse opacity (score 4) in 22.8% of the children. The premolars were the most commonly affected teeth. There was a significant positive correlation between the type (r=0.95; p<0.001) and extent (r=0.82; p<0.001) of developmental defects to the fluoride levels in drinking water. Conclusion: The drinking water from about 50% of the villages had fluoride levels of 1 ppm or >1 ppm. A significant positive correlation between the severity of enamel defects and increased fluoride levels in water was deciphered. Thus, a simple, effective, and inexpensive method of de-fluoridation of drinking water should be prioritized if alternative sources of drinking water are not made available.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.51238
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Article ; Online: Redefining Chalcone Synthesis: Aldol Adduct Elimination for the Rapid Access to Thienyl Chalcones.

Nanjundaswamy, Shanthappa / Chimatahalli Shanthakumar, Karthik / Shadakshari, Sandeep / Rajabathar, Jothi Ramalingam / Arokiyaraj, Selvaraj / Al-Lohedan, Hamad A / Sakthipandi, Kathiresan / Mallu, Puttaswamappa

ACS omega

2024 Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) 13603–13611

Abstract: This paper introduces a unique and novel method for synthesizing thienyl chalcones using iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) as a heterogeneous catalyst. It stands out as a rare example in the literature for the synthesis of these chalcones from 1,3- ... ...

Abstract	This paper introduces a unique and novel method for synthesizing thienyl chalcones using iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) as a heterogeneous catalyst. It stands out as a rare example in the literature for the synthesis of these chalcones from 1,3-diketones and various aromatic aldehydes. The magnetic FeONPs employed as the catalyst bring several advantages, including their efficiency, affordability, and ecofriendly nature, making them an attractive choice for producing thiophene chalcones. One noteworthy aspect of this methodology is the utilization of mild reaction conditions, which greatly simplify the operational aspects of the reaction. Synthesized chalcones were confirmed through the application of various techniques, proton-NMR,
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.3c05897
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Article ; Online: Can Robots Improve Testing Capacity for SARS-CoV-2?

Cresswell, Kathrin / Ramalingam, Sandeep / Sheikh, Aziz

Journal of medical Internet research

2020 Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) e20169

Abstract: There is currently increasing interest internationally in deploying robotic applications for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing, as these can help to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus to health care staff and ... ...

Abstract	There is currently increasing interest internationally in deploying robotic applications for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing, as these can help to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus to health care staff and patients. We provide an overview of key recent developments in this area. We argue that, although there is some potential for deploying robots to help with SARS-CoV-2 testing, the potential of patient-facing applications is likely to be limited. This is due to the high costs associated with patient-facing functionality, and risks of potentially adverse impacts on health care staff work practices and patient interactions. In contrast, back-end laboratory-based robots dealing with sample extraction and amplification, that effectively integrate with established processes, software, and interfaces to process samples, are much more likely to result in safety and efficiency gains. Consideration should therefore be given to deploying these at scale.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Robotics ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1439-4456
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1439-4456
DOI	10.2196/20169
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Article ; Online: Pilot-scale genome-wide association mapping in diverse sorghum germplasms identified novel genetic loci linked to major agronomic, root and stomatal traits.

Ramalingam, Ajay Prasanth / Mohanavel, Williams / Kambale, Rohit / Rajagopalan, Veera Ranjani / Marla, Sandeep R / Prasad, P V Vara / Muthurajan, Raveendran / Perumal, Ramasamy

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 21917

Abstract: This genome-wide association studies (GWAS) used a subset of 96 diverse sorghum accessions, constructed from a large collection of 219 accessions for mining novel genetic loci linked to major agronomic, root morphological and physiological traits. The ... ...

Abstract	This genome-wide association studies (GWAS) used a subset of 96 diverse sorghum accessions, constructed from a large collection of 219 accessions for mining novel genetic loci linked to major agronomic, root morphological and physiological traits. The subset yielded 43,452 high quality single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers exhibiting high allelic diversity. Population stratification showed distinct separation between caudatum and durra races. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay was rapidly declining with increasing physical distance across all chromosomes. The initial 50% LD decay was ~ 5 Kb and background level was within ~ 80 Kb. This study detected 42 significant quantitative trait nucleotide (QTNs) for different traits evaluated using FarmCPU, SUPER and 3VmrMLM which were in proximity with candidate genes related and were co-localized in already reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) and phenotypic variance (R
MeSH term(s)	Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ; Sorghum/genetics ; Plant Breeding ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Phenotype ; Edible Grain/genetics ; Nucleotides ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Chemical Substances	Nucleotides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-48758-2
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Article ; Online: Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling should be considered as a treatment option for COVID-19.

Ramalingam, Sandeep / Graham, Catriona / Dove, Jenny / Morrice, Lynn / Sheikh, Aziz

Journal of global health

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 10332

MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intranasal ; Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus/drug effects ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity/virology ; Nasal Lavage ; Pandemics ; Pharynx/virology ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic/administration & dosage ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic/pharmacology ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic/therapeutic use ; Therapeutic Irrigation/methods
Chemical Substances	Saline Solution, Hypertonic
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-11
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2741629-X
ISSN	2047-2986 ; 2047-2978
ISSN (online)	2047-2986
ISSN	2047-2978
DOI	10.7189/jogh.10.010332
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Article ; Online: Flake-like structure of SrTiO

Sakaleshpur Kumar, Gagankumar / Ballur Prasanna, Sanjay / Lokesh Marenahalli, Bhuvan / Shadakshari, Sandeep / Arehalli Shivamurthy, Santhosh / Rajabathar, Jothi Ramalingam / Chimatahalli Shanthakumar, Karthik / Han, Young-Kyu

Food chemistry

2024 Volume 444, Page(s) 138637

Abstract: The use of Chloramphenicol (CAP), a potent antibiotic with broad-spectrum capabilities in food-producing animals has been restricted by the European Union and several other countries due to its severe side effects. Thus, CAP must be detected quickly and ... ...

Abstract	The use of Chloramphenicol (CAP), a potent antibiotic with broad-spectrum capabilities in food-producing animals has been restricted by the European Union and several other countries due to its severe side effects. Thus, CAP must be detected quickly and sensitively. In this investigation, the preparation of SrTiO
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chloramphenicol/analysis ; Honey/analysis ; Graphite/chemistry ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Electrochemical Techniques/methods ; Electrodes ; Limit of Detection
Chemical Substances	Chloramphenicol (66974FR9Q1) ; graphene oxide ; Graphite (7782-42-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138637
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Article ; Online: Association between viral seasonality and meteorological factors.

Price, Rory Henry Macgregor / Graham, Catriona / Ramalingam, Sandeep

Scientific reports

2019 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 929

Abstract: Numerous viruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections. They often precede serious lower respiratory tract infections. Each virus has a seasonal pattern, with peaks in activity in different seasons. We examined the effects of daily local ... ...

Abstract	Numerous viruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections. They often precede serious lower respiratory tract infections. Each virus has a seasonal pattern, with peaks in activity in different seasons. We examined the effects of daily local meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity, "humidity-range" and dew point) from Edinburgh, Scotland on the seasonal variations in viral transmission. We identified the seasonality of rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B viruses, human parainfluenza viruses 1-3 (HPIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) from the 52060 respiratory samples tested between 2009 and 2015 and then confirmed the same by a generalised linear model. We also investigated the relationship between meteorological factors and viral seasonality. Non-enveloped viruses were present throughout the year. Following logistic regression adenovirus, influenza viruses A, B, RSV and HMPV preferred low temperatures; RSV and influenza A virus preferred a narrow "humidity-range" and HPIV type 3 preferred the season with lower humidity. A change (i.e. increase or decrease) in specific meteorological factors is associated with an increase in activity of specific viruses at certain times of the year.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Models, Biological ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/transmission ; Seasons ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/transmission ; Weather
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-018-37481-y
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Article ; Online: Study protocol of the Edinburgh and Lothian Virus Intervention Study in Kids: a randomised controlled trial of hypertonic saline nose drops in children with upper respiratory tract infections (ELVIS Kids).

Ramalingam, Sandeep / Graham, Catriona / Oatey, Katherine / Rayson, Phillip / Stoddart, Andrew / Sheikh, Aziz / Cunningham, Steve

BMJ open

2021 Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) e049964

Abstract: Introduction: Edinburgh and Lothians' Viral Intervention Study Kids is a parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial of hypertonic saline (HS) nose drops (~2.6% sodium chloride) vs standard care in children <7 years of age with symptoms of an ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Edinburgh and Lothians' Viral Intervention Study Kids is a parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial of hypertonic saline (HS) nose drops (~2.6% sodium chloride) vs standard care in children <7 years of age with symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Methods and analysis: Children are recruited prior to URTI or within 48 hours of developing URTI symptoms by advertising in areas such as local schools/nurseries, health centres/hospitals, recreational facilities, public events, workplaces, local/social media. Willing parents/guardians, of children <7 years of age will be asked to contact the research team at their local site. Children will be randomised to either a control arm (standard symptomatic care), or intervention arm (three drops/nostril of HS, at least four times a day, until 24 hours after asymptomatic or a maximum of 28 days). All participants are requested to provide a nasal swab at the start of the study (intervention arm: before HS drops) and then daily for four more days. Parent/guardian complete a validated daily diary, an end of illness diary, a satisfaction questionnaire and a wheeze questionnaire (day 28). The parent/guardian of a child in the intervention arm is taught to prepare HS nose drops. Parent/guardian of children asymptomatic at recruitment are requested to inform the research team within 48 hours of their child developing an URTI and follow the instructions already provided. The day 28 questionnaire determines if the child experienced a wheeze following illness. Participation in the study ends on day 28. Ethics and dissemination: The study has been approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Service (18/WS/0080). It is cosponsored by Academic and Clinical Central Office for Research and Development-a partnership between the University of Edinburgh and National Health Service Lothian Health Board. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and via the study website. Trial registration number: NCT03463694.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intranasal ; COVID-19 ; Child ; Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Saline Solution ; Scotland ; Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use ; State Medicine
Chemical Substances	Saline Solution ; Sodium Chloride (451W47IQ8X)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049964
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