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  1. Article ; Online: Correction to: The role of transforming growth factor beta in thyroid autoimmunity: current knowledge and future perspectives.

    Kardalas, Efstratios / Sakkas, Evangelos / Ruchala, Marek / Macut, Djuro / Mastorakos, George

    Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 1101

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2185718-0
    ISSN 1573-2606 ; 1389-9155
    ISSN (online) 1573-2606
    ISSN 1389-9155
    DOI 10.1007/s11154-022-09722-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The role of transforming growth factor beta in thyroid autoimmunity: current knowledge and future perspectives.

    Kardalas, Efstratios / Sakkas, Evangelos / Ruchala, Marek / Macut, Djuro / Mastorakos, George

    Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

    2021  Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 431–447

    Abstract: The complex mechanisms, which are related to the pathophysiology and the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, involve transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its interplay with the immune system. The aim of this review is to examine the role ... ...

    Abstract The complex mechanisms, which are related to the pathophysiology and the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, involve transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its interplay with the immune system. The aim of this review is to examine the role of TGF-β regarding thyroid autoimmunity and explore the potent role of this molecule either as a diagnostic or prognostic marker or a therapeutic target regarding autoimmune thyroid diseases. TGF-β is clearly a master regulator of the immune response, exerting either inhibitory or facilitatory effects on cells of the immune system. Thus, this molecule is involved in the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Recent research has revealed the involvement of TGF-β in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The role of TGF-β in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases varies, depending on its concentrations, the type of the activated TGF-β signalling pathway, the genetic predisposition of the patient and the pathophysiologic stage of the disease. TGF-β could emerge as a useful diagnostic or prognostic marker for the evolution of thyroid autoimmunity. Promising perspectives for the effective therapeutic use of TGF-β regarding thyroid autoimmunity exist. The main treatment approaches incorporate either enhancement of the immunosuppressive role of TGF-β or inhibition of its facilitatory role in the autoimmune thyroid diseases. Further research towards deeper understanding of TGF-β physiology and clinical application of its possible therapeutic role regarding thyroid autoimmunity is needed.
    MeSH term(s) Autoimmunity ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Transforming Growth Factor beta
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185718-0
    ISSN 1573-2606 ; 1389-9155
    ISSN (online) 1573-2606
    ISSN 1389-9155
    DOI 10.1007/s11154-021-09685-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: TGF-β Physiology as a Novel Therapeutic Target Regarding Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Where Do We Stand and What to Expect.

    Kardalas, Efstratios / Maraka, Spyridoula / Papagianni, Maria / Paltoglou, George / Siristatidis, Charalampos / Mastorakos, George

    Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

    2021  Volume 57, Issue 6

    Abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as a master regulator of immune response, is deeply implicated in the complex pathophysiology and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Based on the close interplay between thyroid autoimmunity and TGF-β, ... ...

    Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as a master regulator of immune response, is deeply implicated in the complex pathophysiology and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Based on the close interplay between thyroid autoimmunity and TGF-β, scientific interest was shifted to the understanding of the possible role of this molecule regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these diseases. The main aim of this review is to present research data about possible treatment options based on the role of TGF-β in thyroid autoimmunity. Suggested TGF-β-mediated therapeutic strategies regarding autoimmune thyroid diseases include either the enhancement of its immunosuppressive role or inhibition of its facilitatory role in thyroid autoimmunity. For example, the application of hr-TGF-β can be used to bolster the inhibitory role of TGF-β regarding the development of thyroid diseases, whereas anti-TGF-β antibodies and similar molecules could impede its immune-promoting effects by blocking different levels of TGF-β biosynthesis and activation pathways. In conclusion, TGF-β could evolve to a promising, novel therapeutic tool for thyroid autoimmunity.
    MeSH term(s) Autoimmunity ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Thyroid Diseases ; Transforming Growth Factor beta
    Chemical Substances Immunosuppressive Agents ; Transforming Growth Factor beta
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2188113-3
    ISSN 1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
    ISSN (online) 1648-9144
    ISSN 1010-660X
    DOI 10.3390/medicina57060621
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6270: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  4. Article ; Online: TGF-β Physiology as a Novel Therapeutic Target Regarding Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

    Efstratios Kardalas / Spyridoula Maraka / Maria Papagianni / George Paltoglou / Charalampos Siristatidis / George Mastorakos

    Medicina, Vol 57, Iss 621, p

    Where Do We Stand and What to Expect

    2021  Volume 621

    Abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as a master regulator of immune response, is deeply implicated in the complex pathophysiology and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Based on the close interplay between thyroid autoimmunity and TGF-β, ... ...

    Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), as a master regulator of immune response, is deeply implicated in the complex pathophysiology and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Based on the close interplay between thyroid autoimmunity and TGF-β, scientific interest was shifted to the understanding of the possible role of this molecule regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of these diseases. The main aim of this review is to present research data about possible treatment options based on the role of TGF-β in thyroid autoimmunity. Suggested TGF-β-mediated therapeutic strategies regarding autoimmune thyroid diseases include either the enhancement of its immunosuppressive role or inhibition of its facilitatory role in thyroid autoimmunity. For example, the application of hr-TGF-β can be used to bolster the inhibitory role of TGF-β regarding the development of thyroid diseases, whereas anti-TGF-β antibodies and similar molecules could impede its immune-promoting effects by blocking different levels of TGF-β biosynthesis and activation pathways. In conclusion, TGF-β could evolve to a promising, novel therapeutic tool for thyroid autoimmunity.
    Keywords thyroid gland ; TGF-β ; immune cells ; autoimmune thyroid diseases ; thyroiditis ; pregnancy ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Hypokalemia: a clinical update.

    Kardalas, Efstratios / Paschou, Stavroula A / Anagnostis, Panagiotis / Muscogiuri, Giovanna / Siasos, Gerasimos / Vryonidou, Andromachi

    Endocrine connections

    2018  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) R135–R146

    Abstract: Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance, especially in hospitalized patients. It can have various causes, including endocrine ones. Sometimes, hypokalemia requires urgent medical attention. The aim of this review is to present updated information ...

    Abstract Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance, especially in hospitalized patients. It can have various causes, including endocrine ones. Sometimes, hypokalemia requires urgent medical attention. The aim of this review is to present updated information regarding: (1) the definition and prevalence of hypokalemia, (2) the physiology of potassium homeostasis, (3) the various causes leading to hypokalemia, (4) the diagnostic steps for the assessment of hypokalemia and (5) the appropriate treatment of hypokalemia depending on the cause. Practical algorithms for the optimal diagnostic, treatment and follow-up strategy are presented, while an individualized approach is emphasized.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2668428-7
    ISSN 2049-3614
    ISSN 2049-3614
    DOI 10.1530/EC-18-0109
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