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Article ; Online: New Glycerolipids from the Traditional Chinese Medicine of Syngnathus acus (Hai-Long).

Gao, Zhen / Wang, Meng-Xue / Gao, Cheng-Long / Chen, Sha / Li, Xu-Wen

2023 Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) e202300616

Abstract: ... together with five known compounds (3-7) were isolated from the AcOEt fraction of Syngnathus acus L. (Hai ...

Abstract	Two new glycerolipids, syngaculipids A and B (1 and 2), one first naturally occurring metabolite (8), together with five known compounds (3-7) were isolated from the AcOEt fraction of Syngnathus acus L. (Hai-Long). Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectral analyses involving UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra and ECD calculations. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against A549 and HCT-116 cell lines. Compound 8 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity with IC
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Structure ; HCT116 Cells
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2139001-0
ISSN	1612-1880 ; 1612-1872
ISSN (online)	1612-1880
ISSN	1612-1872
DOI	10.1002/cbdv.202300616
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Article ; Online: Tribute to Hai-Lung Dai.

Borguet, Eric / Field, Robert W / Hartland, Gregory V / Plummer, Ward / Shen, Yuen Ron / Wang, Hongfei

The journal of physical chemistry. A

2019 Volume 123, Issue 49, Page(s) 10463–10464

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1520-5215
ISSN (online)	1520-5215
DOI	10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09981
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Article ; Online: SPINT2 mutations in the Kunitz domain 2 found in SCSD patients inactivate HAI-2 as prostasin inhibitor via abnormal protein folding and N-glycosylation.

Huang, Nanxi / Wang, Qiaochu / Bernard, Robert B / Chen, Chao-Yang / Hu, Je-Ming / Wang, Jehng-Kang / Chan, Khee-Siang / Johnson, Michael D / Lin, Chen-Yong

Human molecular genetics

2024 Volume 33, Issue 9, Page(s) 752–767

Abstract: Mutations in the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor HAI-2, encoded by SPINT2, are responsible ... important Kunitz domain 2. How theses single amino acid substitutions inactivate HAI-2 was, here ... investigated by the doxycycline-inducible expression of three of these mutants in HAI-2-knockout Caco-2 human ...

Abstract	Mutations in the Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor HAI-2, encoded by SPINT2, are responsible for the pathogenesis of syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea (SCSD), an intractable secretory diarrhea of infancy. Some of the mutations cause defects in the functionally required Kunitz domain 1 and/or subcellular targeting signals. Almost all SCSD patients, however, harbor SPINT2 missense mutations that affect the functionally less important Kunitz domain 2. How theses single amino acid substitutions inactivate HAI-2 was, here, investigated by the doxycycline-inducible expression of three of these mutants in HAI-2-knockout Caco-2 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Examining protein expressed from these HAI-2 mutants reveals that roughly 50% of the protein is synthesized as disulfide-linked oligomers that lose protease inhibitory activity due to the distortion of the Kunitz domains by disarrayed disulfide bonding. Although the remaining protein is synthesized as monomers, its glycosylation status suggests that the HAI-2 monomer remains in the immature, lightly glycosylated form, and is not converted to the heavily glycosylated mature form. Heavily glycosylated HAI-2 possesses full anti-protease activity and appropriate subcellular targeting signals, including the one embedded in the complex-type N-glycan. As predicted, these HAI-2 mutants cannot suppress the excessive prostasin proteolysis caused by HAI-2 deletion. The oligomerization and glycosylation defects have also been observed in a colorectal adenocarcinoma line that harbors one of these SPINT2 missense mutations. Our study reveals that the abnormal protein folding and N-glycosylation can cause widespread HAI-2 inactivation in SCSD patents.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Caco-2 Cells ; Glycosylation ; Mutation ; Diarrhea/congenital ; Protein Folding ; Adenocarcinoma ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Disulfides ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory/genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases
Chemical Substances	prostasin (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Disulfides ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; SPINT2 protein, human ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1108742-0
ISSN	1460-2083 ; 0964-6906
ISSN (online)	1460-2083
ISSN	0964-6906
DOI	10.1093/hmg/ddae005
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Article ; Online: N-glycosylation on Asn-57 is required for the correct HAI-2 protein folding and protease inhibitory activity.

Huang, Nanxi / Wang, Qiaochu / Chen, Chao-Yang / Hu, Je-Ming / Wang, Jehng-Kang / Chang, Ping-Ying / Johnson, Michael D / Lin, Chen-Yong

Glycobiology

2023 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 203–214

Abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-2 is an integral membrane Kunitz-type ... The cell-type selective nature of HAI-2 function depends largely on whether the inhibitor and potential ... target enzymes are targeted to locations in close proximity. The N-glycan moiety of HAI-2 can function ...

Abstract	Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-2 is an integral membrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor that regulates the proteolysis of matriptase and prostasin in a cell-type selective manner. The cell-type selective nature of HAI-2 function depends largely on whether the inhibitor and potential target enzymes are targeted to locations in close proximity. The N-glycan moiety of HAI-2 can function as a subcellular targeting signal. HAI-2 is synthesized with 1 of 2 different N-glycan modifications: one of oligomannose-type, which largely remains in the endoplasmic reticulum/GA, and another of complex-type, which is targeted toward the apical surface in vesicle-like structures, and could function as an inhibitor of matriptase and prostasin. HAI-2 contains 2 putative N-glycosylation sites, Asn-57 and Asn-94, point mutations of which were generated and characterized in this study. The protein expression profile of the HAI-2 mutants indicates that Asn-57, and not Asn-94, is responsible for the N-glycosylation of both HAI-2 species, suggesting that the form with oligomannose-type N-glycan is the precursor of the form with complex-type N-glycan. Unexpectedly, the vast majority of non-glycosylated HAI-2 is synthesized into multiple disulfide-linked oligomers, which lack protease inhibitory function, likely due to distorted conformations caused by the disarrayed disulfide linkages. Although forced expression of HAI-2 in HAI-2 knockout cells artificially enhances HAI-2 oligomerization, disulfide-linked HAI-2 oligomers can also be observed in unmodified cells. These results suggest that N-glycosylation on Asn-57 is required for folding into a functional HAI-2 with full protease suppressive activity and correct subcellular targeting signal.
MeSH term(s)	Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry ; Proteolysis ; Glycosylation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Membrane Glycoproteins ; Polysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1067689-2
ISSN	1460-2423 ; 0959-6658
ISSN (online)	1460-2423
ISSN	0959-6658
DOI	10.1093/glycob/cwad002
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Article ; Online: HAI-1 is required for the novel role of FGFBP1 in maintenance of cell morphology and F-actin rearrangement in human keratinocytes.

Lu, Dajun D / Huang, Nanxi / Li, Sheng-Wen A / Fang, Jessica R / Lai, Chih-Hsin / Wang, Jehng-Kang / Chan, Khee-Siang / Johnson, Michael D / Lin, Chen-Yong

Human cell

2023 Volume 36, Issue 4, Page(s) 1403–1415

Abstract: ... proteolysis, in which the integral membrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, functions ... as the primary inhibitor of the membrane-associated serine proteases, matriptase and prostasin. Previously, HAI-1 ... for its pathophysiological functions. This discovery began with the observation that HAI-1 KO HaCaT cells lose the characteristic ...

Abstract	Formation and maintenance of skin barrier function require tightly controlled membrane-associated proteolysis, in which the integral membrane Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, HAI-1, functions as the primary inhibitor of the membrane-associated serine proteases, matriptase and prostasin. Previously, HAI-1 loss in HaCaT human keratinocytes resulted in an expected increase in prostasin proteolysis but a paradoxical decrease in matriptase proteolysis. The paradoxical decrease in shed active matriptase is further investigated in this study with an unexpected discovery of novel functions of fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1 (FGFBP1), which acts as an extracellular ligand that can rapidly elicit F-actin rearrangement and subsequently affect the morphology of human keratinocytes. This novel growth factor-like function is in stark contrast to the canonical activity of this protein through interactions with FGFs for its pathophysiological functions. This discovery began with the observation that HAI-1 KO HaCaT cells lose the characteristic cobblestone morphology of the parental cells and exhibit aberrant F-actin formation along with altered subcellular targeting of matriptase and HAI-2. The alterations in cell morphology and F-actin status caused by targeted HAI-1 deletion can be restored by treatment with conditioned medium from parental HaCaT cells, in which FGFBP1 was identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Recombinant FGFBP1 down to 1 ng/ml was able to revert the changes caused by HAI-1 loss. Our study reveals a novel function of FGFBP1 in the maintenance of keratinocyte morphology, which depends on HAI-1.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Actins/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Actins ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; FGFBP1 protein, human (139946-12-6) ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1149134-6
ISSN	1749-0774 ; 0914-7470
ISSN (online)	1749-0774
ISSN	0914-7470
DOI	10.1007/s13577-023-00906-6
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Article ; Online: Evolution and prediction of drought-flood abrupt alternation events in Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin, China.

Ren, Jiaxin / Wang, Weiguang / Wei, Jia / Li, Hongbin / Li, Xiaolei / Liu, Guoshuai / Chen, Yalin / Ye, Shilong

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 869, Page(s) 161707

Abstract: ... socioeconomic loss and environmental destruction. Under climate change, the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin has ... of the evolution characteristics of DFAA in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin is limited and the risk of exposure ... Basin (YRB), Huai River Basin (HuRB), and Hai River Basin (HaRB) are identified by the long-cycle ...

Abstract	Drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) as a compound natural disaster can cause severe socioeconomic loss and environmental destruction. Under climate change, the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin has experienced evident increases in temperature and variability of precipitation. However, the study of the evolution characteristics of DFAA in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin is limited and the risk of exposure to DFAA events under future climatic conditions should be comprehensively assessed. In this study, the DFAA events including drought to flood (DTF) and flood to drought (FTD) events in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), Huai River Basin (HuRB), and Hai River Basin (HaRB) are identified by the long-cycle drought-flood abrupt alternation index (LDFAI) and the temporal variation and spatial distribution of the number and intensity of DFAA events from 1961 to 2020 are examined. The 24 climate model simulations of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are used to evaluate the variation of DFAA events based on the bias-corrected method. The results show that both DTF and FTD events occurred >10 times in most areas of the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin from 1961 to 2020, and severe DFAA events occurred more frequently in the HaRB. The occurrence of DTF events decreased and FTD events continuously increased in the YRB, while they showed opposite trends in the HuRB and HaRB. In the future, the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin is projected to experience more DTF events under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios, while more FTD events under the SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Most areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin are projected to be at medium or high risk of the frequency and intensity of DFAA events under different future scenarios, especially in the central part of the YRB. These findings can provide scientific reference to the formulation of management policies and mitigation strategies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161707
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Zs.A 949: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Spatial-temporal variation of extreme precipitation in the Yellow-Huai-Hai-Yangtze Basin of China.

Wang, Lichuan / Wang, Jianhua / He, Fan / Wang, Qingming / Zhao, Yong / Lu, Peiyi / Huang, Ya / Cui, Hao / Deng, Haodong / Jia, Xinran

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 9312

Abstract: ... Hai-Yangtze River Basin and 7 climate models of CMIP6 were used to obtain the historical and future ...

Abstract	Climate warming leads to frequent extreme precipitation events, which is a prominent manifestation of the variation of the global water cycle. In this study, data from 1842 meteorological stations in the Huang-Huai-Hai-Yangtze River Basin and 7 climate models of CMIP6 were used to obtain the historical and future precipitation data using the Anusplin interpolation, BMA method, and a non-stationary deviation correction technique. The temporal and spatial variations of extreme precipitation in the four basins were analysed from 1960 to 2100. The correlation between extreme precipitation indices and their relationship with geographical factors was also analysed. The result of the study indicates that: (1) in the historical period, CDD and R99pTOT showed an upward trend, with growth rates of 14.14% and 4.78%, respectively. PRCPTOT showed a downward trend, with a decreasing rate of 9.72%. Other indices showed minimal change. (2) Based on SSP1-2.6, the intensity, frequency, and duration of extreme precipitation changed by approximately 5% at SSP3-7.0 and 10% at SSP5-8.5. The sensitivity to climate change was found to be highest in spring and autumn. The drought risk decreased, while the flood risk increased in spring. The drought risk increased in autumn and winter, and the flood risk increased in the alpine climate area of the plateau in summer. (3) Extreme precipitation index is significantly correlated with PRCPTOT in the future period. Different atmospheric circulation factors significantly affected different extreme precipitation indices of FMB. (4) CDD, CWD, R95pD, R99pD, and PRCPTOT are affected by latitude. On the other hand, RX1day and RX5day are affected by longitude. The extreme precipitation index is significantly correlated with geographical factors, and areas above 3000 m above sea level are more sensitive to climate change.
MeSH term(s)	Droughts ; Climate Change ; Seasons ; Floods ; China
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-36470-0
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Article ; Online: Targeted HAI-2 deletion causes excessive proteolysis with prolonged active prostasin and depletion of HAI-1 monomer in intestinal but not epidermal epithelial cells.

Barndt, Robert B / Lee, Mon-Juan / Huang, Nanxi / Lu, Dajun D / Lee, See-Chi / Du, Po-Wen / Chang, Chun-Chia / Tsai, Ping-Feng B / Huang, Yu-Siou K / Chang, Hao-Ming / Wang, Jehng-Kang / Lai, Chih-Hsin / Johnson, Michael D / Lin, Chen-Yong

Human molecular genetics

2021 Volume 30, Issue 19, Page(s) 1833–1850

Abstract: Mutations of SPINT2, the gene encoding the integral membrane, Kunitz-type serine inhibitor HAI-2 ... primarily affect the intestine, while sparing many other HAI-2-expressing tissues, causing sodium loss ... previously identified as a HAI-2 target protease in intestinal tissues but not in the skin. In both tissues ...

Abstract	Mutations of SPINT2, the gene encoding the integral membrane, Kunitz-type serine inhibitor HAI-2, primarily affect the intestine, while sparing many other HAI-2-expressing tissues, causing sodium loss in patients with syndromic congenital sodium diarrhea. The membrane-bound serine protease prostasin was previously identified as a HAI-2 target protease in intestinal tissues but not in the skin. In both tissues, the highly related inhibitor HAI-1 is, however, the default inhibitor for prostasin and the type 2 transmembrane serine protease matriptase. This cell-type selective functional linkage may contribute to the organ-selective damage associated with SPINT 2 mutations. To this end, the impact of HAI-2 deletion on matriptase and prostasin proteolysis was, here, compared using Caco-2 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and HaCaT human keratinocytes. Greatly enhanced prostasin proteolytic activity with a prolonged half-life and significant depletion of HAI-1 monomer were observed with HAI-2 loss in Caco-2 cells but not HaCaT cells. The constitutive, high level prostasin zymogen activation observed in Caco-2 cells, but not in HaCaT cells, also contributes to the excessive prostasin proteolytic activity caused by HAI-2 loss. HAI-2 deletion also caused increased matriptase zymogen activation, likely as an indirect result of increased prostasin proteolysis. This increase in activated matriptase, however, only had a negligible role in depletion of HAI-1 monomer. Our study suggests that the constitutive, high level of prostasin zymogen activation and the cell-type selective functional relationship between HAI-2 and prostasin renders Caco-2 cells more susceptible than HaCaT cells to the loss of HAI-2, causing a severe imbalance favoring prostasin proteolysis.
MeSH term(s)	Caco-2 Cells ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestines ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory/genetics ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; Serine Endopeptidases
Chemical Substances	Membrane Glycoproteins ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; SPINT2 protein, human ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; prostasin (EC 3.4.21.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1108742-0
ISSN	1460-2083 ; 0964-6906
ISSN (online)	1460-2083
ISSN	0964-6906
DOI	10.1093/hmg/ddab150
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Article ; Online: The difference in the intracellular Arg/Lys-rich and EHLVY motifs contributes to distinct subcellular distribution of HAI-1 versus HAI-2.

Huang, Nanxi / Barndt, Robert B / Lu, Dajun D / Wang, Qiaochu / Huang, Shih-Ming / Wang, Jehng-Kang / Chang, Ping-Ying / Chen, Chao-Yang / Hu, Je-Ming / Su, Hui-Chen / Johnson, Michael D / Lin, Chen-Yong

Human cell

2021 Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 163–178

Abstract: The integral membrane, Kunitz-type, serine protease inhibitors, HAI-1 and HAI-2, closely resemble ... where HAI-1 appears to be the default inhibitor of these proteases and HAI-2 a cell-type-selective inhibitor ... in their subcellular localization with HAI-1 both inside the cell and on the cell surface, compared to HAI-2 ...

Abstract	The integral membrane, Kunitz-type, serine protease inhibitors, HAI-1 and HAI-2, closely resemble one another structurally and with regard to their specificity and potency against proteases. Structural complementarity between the Kunitz domains and serine protease domains renders the membrane-associated serine proteases, matriptase and prostasin, the primary target proteases of the HAIs. The shared biochemical enzyme-inhibitor relationships are, however, at odds with their behavior at the cellular level, where HAI-1 appears to be the default inhibitor of these proteases and HAI-2 a cell-type-selective inhibitor, even though they are widely co-expressed. The limited motility of these proteins caused by their membrane anchorages may require their co-localization within a certain distance to allow the establishment of a cellular level functional relationship between the proteases and the inhibitors. The differences in their subcellular localization with HAI-1 both inside the cell and on the cell surface, compared to HAI-2 predominately in intracellular granules has, therefore, been implicated in the differential manner of their control of matriptase and prostasin proteolysis. The targeting signals present in the intracellular domains of the HAIs are systematically investigated herein. Studies involving domain swap and point mutation, in combination with immunocytochemistry and cell surface biotinylation/avidin depletion, reveal that the different subcellular localization between the HAIs can largely be attributed to differences in the intracellular Arg/Lys-rich and EHLVY motifs. These intrinsic differences in the targeting signal render the HAIs as two independent rather than redundant proteolysis regulators.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Motifs ; Arginine/metabolism ; Avidin/metabolism ; Biotinylation ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Space/metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Domains ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory/metabolism ; Proteolysis ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Membrane Glycoproteins ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; SPINT1 protein, human ; SPINT2 protein, human ; Avidin (1405-69-2) ; Arginine (94ZLA3W45F) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; matriptase (EC 3.4.21.-) ; prostasin (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-13
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1149134-6
ISSN	1749-0774 ; 0914-7470
ISSN (online)	1749-0774
ISSN	0914-7470
DOI	10.1007/s13577-021-00632-x
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Article: Artificial Selection Trend of Wheat Varieties Released in Huang-Huai-Hai Region in China Evaluated Using DUS Testing Characteristics.

Wang, Liyuan / Zheng, Yongsheng / Duan, Lili / Wang, Mumu / Wang, Hui / Li, Hua / Li, Ruyu / Zhang, Han

Frontiers in plant science

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 898102

Abstract: ... varieties has steadily grown since 2010, with the most notable trend in the Huang-Huai-Hai region ... 32 DUS testing characteristics of 195 wheat varieties released in the Huang-Huai-Hai region were ... spikelets had the largest variation coefficient of all three wheat-growing areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai ...

Abstract	Wheat has been widely cultivated all over the world. In China, the number of approved wheat varieties has steadily grown since 2010, with the most notable trend in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) are the prerequisites for a new wheat variety to obtain a release permit. Yet, few reports are available on DUS testing characteristics of released wheat varieties. Here, 32 DUS testing characteristics of 195 wheat varieties released in the Huang-Huai-Hai region were investigated to study their artificial selection trend. The results showed that the means, ranges, and coefficients of variation for eight measured characteristics varied greatly, among which the number of sterile spikelets had the largest variation coefficient of all three wheat-growing areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. The difference in plant height between the three wheat-growing areas was the most significant. The mean plant height in the northern winter wheat area was the largest, while that in south Huanghuai was the smallest. The released varieties of the three wheat-growing areas in the region had similar artificial selection trends in some characteristics. For instance, flag leaf length and flag leaf width, grain number per ear, and grain volume weight showed an overall upward trend, while the plant height gradually decreased. The clustering results based on DUS testing characteristics showed that artificial selection of characteristics was consistent with ecological adaptation and breeding process as well as pedigree sources. Our findings indicated that with the current breeding objectives, the selection of some non-economic characteristics of wheat varieties, such as awn color, stem color, and glume color, seemed to be able to enrich the genetic diversity of varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. These results could provide guidance for subsequent wheat breeding and production in this region, screening similar varieties, and determining the distinctness of applied varieties in DUS testing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2022.898102
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