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Article ; Online: Chemical exposures and suspected impact on Gulf War Veterans.

Elhaj, Rami / Reynolds, Joseph M

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

Abstract: Gulf War Illness (GWI) encompass a spectrum of maladies specific to troops deployed during the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991). There are several hypothesized factors believed to contribute to GWI, including (but not limited to) exposures to chemical agents ...

Abstract	Gulf War Illness (GWI) encompass a spectrum of maladies specific to troops deployed during the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991). There are several hypothesized factors believed to contribute to GWI, including (but not limited to) exposures to chemical agents and a foreign environment (e.g., dust, pollens, insects, and microbes). Moreover, the inherent stress associated with deployment and combat has been associated with GWI. While the etiology of GWI remains uncertain, several studies have provided strong evidence that chemical exposures, especially neurotoxicants, may be underlying factors for the development of GWI. This mini style perspective article will focus on some of the major evidence linking chemical exposures to GWI development and persistence decades after exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Gulf War ; Veterans
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2768940-2
ISSN	2054-9369 ; 2054-9369
ISSN (online)	2054-9369
ISSN	2054-9369
DOI	10.1186/s40779-023-00449-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Leishmaniac Quest for Developing a Novel Vaccine Platform. Is a Roadmap for Its Advances Provided by the Mad Dash to Produce Vaccines for COVID-19?

Chang, Kwang Poo / Reynolds, Joseph M / Liu, Ying / He, Johnny J

Vaccines

2022 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: Bugs as drugs" in medicine encompasses the use of microbes to enhance the efficacy of vaccination, such as the delivery of vaccines ... ...

Abstract	"Bugs as drugs" in medicine encompasses the use of microbes to enhance the efficacy of vaccination, such as the delivery of vaccines by
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2703319-3
ISSN	2076-393X
ISSN	2076-393X
DOI	10.3390/vaccines10020248
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Article ; Online: Robustness of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography radiomic features in prostate cancer

Arpita Dutta / Joseph Chan / Annette Haworth / David J. Dubowitz / Andrew Kneebone / Hayley M. Reynolds

Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, Vol 29, Iss , Pp 100530- (2024)

Impact on recurrence prediction after radiation therapy

2024

Abstract: Background and purpose: Radiomic features from MRI and PET are an emerging tool with potential to improve prostate cancer outcomes. However, feature robustness due to image segmentation variations is currently unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Radiomic features from MRI and PET are an emerging tool with potential to improve prostate cancer outcomes. However, feature robustness due to image segmentation variations is currently unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the robustness of radiomic features with segmentation variations and their impact on predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR). Materials and methods: Multi-scanner, pre-radiation therapy imaging from 142 patients with localised prostate cancer was used. Imaging included T2-weighted (T2), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-PET. The prostate gland and intraprostatic tumours were manually and automatically segmented, and differences were quantified using Dice Coefficient (DC). Radiomic features including shape, first-order, and texture features were extracted for each segmentation from original and filtered images. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Mean Absolute Percentage Difference (MAPD) were used to assess feature robustness. Random forest (RF) models were developed for each segmentation using robust features to predict BCR. Results: Prostate gland segmentations were more consistent (mean DC = 0.78) than tumour segmentations (mean DC = 0.46). 112 (3.6 %) radiomic features demonstrated ‘excellent’ robustness (ICC > 0.9 and MAPD < 1 %), and 480 features (15.4 %) demonstrated ‘good’ robustness (ICC > 0.75 and MAPD < 5 %). PET imaging provided more features with excellent robustness than T2 and ADC. RF models showed strong predictive power for BCR with a mean area under the receiver-operator-characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.89 (range 0.85–0.93). Conclusion: When using radiomic features for predictive modelling, segmentation variability should be considered. To develop BCR predictive models, radiomic features from the entire prostate gland are preferable over tumour segmentation-based features.
Keywords	Prostate cancer ; PET ; MRI ; Robustness ; Radiomics ; Recurrence prediction ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: The extracellular matrix differentially directs myoblast motility and differentiation in distinct forms of muscular dystrophy: Dystrophic matrices alter myoblast motility.

Long, Ashlee M / Kwon, Jason M / Lee, GaHyun / Reiser, Nina L / Vaught, Lauren A / O'Brien, Joseph G / Page, Patrick G T / Hadhazy, Michele / Reynolds, Joseph C / Crosbie, Rachelle H / Demonbreun, Alexis R / McNally, Elizabeth M

Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology

2024

Abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) pathologic remodeling underlies many disorders, including muscular dystrophy. Tissue decellularization removes cellular components while leaving behind ECM components. We generated "on-slide" decellularized tissue slices from ... ...

Abstract	Extracellular matrix (ECM) pathologic remodeling underlies many disorders, including muscular dystrophy. Tissue decellularization removes cellular components while leaving behind ECM components. We generated "on-slide" decellularized tissue slices from genetically distinct dystrophic mouse models. The ECM of dystrophin- and sarcoglycan-deficient muscles had marked thrombospondin 4 deposition, while dysferlin-deficient muscle had excess decorin. Annexins A2 and A6 were present on all dystrophic decellularized ECMs, but annexin matrix deposition was excessive in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Muscle-directed viral expression of annexin A6 resulted in annexin A6 in the ECM. C2C12 myoblasts seeded onto decellularized matrices displayed differential myoblast mobility and fusion. Dystrophin-deficient decellularized matrices inhibited myoblast mobility, while dysferlin-deficient decellularized matrices enhanced myoblast movement and differentiation. Myoblasts treated with recombinant annexin A6 increased mobility and fusion like that seen on dysferlin-deficient decellularized matrix and demonstrated upregulation of ECM and muscle cell differentiation genes. These findings demonstrate specific fibrotic signatures elicit effects on myoblast activity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1183793-7
ISSN	1569-1802 ; 0945-053X
ISSN (online)	1569-1802
ISSN	0945-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.matbio.2024.04.001
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Zs.A 1694: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Targeted degrader technologies as prospective SARS-CoV-2 therapies.

Khurshid, Rabia / Schulz, Joseph M / Hu, Jiaming / Snowden, Timothy S / Reynolds, Robert C / Schürer, Stephan C

Drug discovery today

2023 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 103847

Abstract: COVID-19 remains a severe public health threat despite the WHO declaring an end to the public health emergency in May 2023. Continual development of SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to vaccine-induced or natural immunity necessitates constant ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 remains a severe public health threat despite the WHO declaring an end to the public health emergency in May 2023. Continual development of SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to vaccine-induced or natural immunity necessitates constant vigilance as well as new vaccines and therapeutics. Targeted protein degradation (TPD) remains relatively untapped in antiviral drug discovery and holds the promise of attenuating viral resistance development. From a unique structural design perspective, this review covers antiviral degrader merits and challenges by highlighting key coronavirus protein targets and their co-crystal structures, specifically illustrating how TPD strategies can refine existing SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitors to potentially produce superior protease-degrading agents.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Prospective Studies ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Protease Inhibitors ; Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1324988-5
ISSN	1878-5832 ; 1359-6446
ISSN (online)	1878-5832
ISSN	1359-6446
DOI	10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103847
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Zs.A 4725: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Robustness of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography radiomic features in prostate cancer: Impact on recurrence prediction after radiation therapy.

Dutta, Arpita / Chan, Joseph / Haworth, Annette / Dubowitz, David J / Kneebone, Andrew / Reynolds, Hayley M

Physics and imaging in radiation oncology

2023 Volume 29, Page(s) 100530

Abstract	Background and purpose: Radiomic features from MRI and PET are an emerging tool with potential to improve prostate cancer outcomes. However, feature robustness due to image segmentation variations is currently unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the robustness of radiomic features with segmentation variations and their impact on predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR). Materials and methods: Multi-scanner, pre-radiation therapy imaging from 142 patients with localised prostate cancer was used. Imaging included T2-weighted (T2), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-PET. The prostate gland and intraprostatic tumours were manually and automatically segmented, and differences were quantified using Dice Coefficient (DC). Radiomic features including shape, first-order, and texture features were extracted for each segmentation from original and filtered images. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Mean Absolute Percentage Difference (MAPD) were used to assess feature robustness. Random forest (RF) models were developed for each segmentation using robust features to predict BCR. Results: Prostate gland segmentations were more consistent (mean DC = 0.78) than tumour segmentations (mean DC = 0.46). 112 (3.6 %) radiomic features demonstrated 'excellent' robustness (ICC > 0.9 and MAPD < 1 %), and 480 features (15.4 %) demonstrated 'good' robustness (ICC > 0.75 and MAPD < 5 %). PET imaging provided more features with excellent robustness than T2 and ADC. RF models showed strong predictive power for BCR with a mean area under the receiver-operator-characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.89 (range 0.85-0.93). Conclusion: When using radiomic features for predictive modelling, segmentation variability should be considered. To develop BCR predictive models, radiomic features from the entire prostate gland are preferable over tumour segmentation-based features.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6316
ISSN (online)	2405-6316
DOI	10.1016/j.phro.2023.100530
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Article ; Online: Longitudinal patterns in indeterminate HIV rapid antibody test results: a population-based, prospective cohort study.

Hunt, Joanne H / Mwinnyaa, George / Patel, Eshan U / Grabowski, M Kate / Kagaayi, Joseph / Gray, Ronald H / Ssekasanvu, Joseph / Wawer, Maria J / Kigozi, Godfrey / Chang, Larry W / Kalibbala, Sarah / Nakalanzi, Margaret / Ndyanabo, Anthony / Quinn, Thomas C / Serwadda, David / Reynolds, Steven J / Galiwango, Ronald M / Laeyendecker, Oliver

Microbiology spectrum

2024 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) e0325323

Abstract: Rapid HIV tests are critical to HIV surveillance and universal testing and treatment programs. We assessed longitudinal patterns in indeterminate HIV rapid test results in an African population-based cohort. Prospective HIV rapid antibody test results, ... ...

Abstract	Rapid HIV tests are critical to HIV surveillance and universal testing and treatment programs. We assessed longitudinal patterns in indeterminate HIV rapid test results in an African population-based cohort. Prospective HIV rapid antibody test results, defined by two parallel rapid tests, among participants aged 15-49 years from three survey rounds of the Rakai Community Cohort Study, Uganda, from 2013 to 2018, were assessed. An indeterminate result was defined as any weak positive result or when one test was negative and the other was positive. A total of 31,405 participants contributed 54,459 person-visits, with 15,713 participants contributing multiple visits and 7,351 participants contributing 3 visits. The prevalence of indeterminate results was 2.7% (1,490/54,469). Of the participants with multiple visits who initially tested indeterminate (
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Cohort Studies ; Prospective Studies ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Uganda/epidemiology ; HIV Testing
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.03253-23
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Article ; Online: Neuropsychological correlates of early grief in bereaved older adults.

Hoffmann, Brianna M / Blair, Nutta-On P / McAuliffe, Timothy L / Hwang, Gyujoon / Larson, Eric / Claesges, Stacy A / Webber, Abigail / Reynolds, Charles F / Goveas, Joseph S

International psychogeriatrics

2024 , Page(s) 1–6

Abstract: Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, but the neuropsychological correlates of early grief in older adults are poorly understood. This preliminary study cross-sectionally examined neuropsychological ... ...

Abstract	Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, but the neuropsychological correlates of early grief in older adults are poorly understood. This preliminary study cross-sectionally examined neuropsychological functioning in bereaved adults with high and low grief symptoms and a non-bereaved comparison sample and further explored the relationship between multidomain cognitive measures and grief severity. A total of ninety-three nondemented older adults (high grief:
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1038825-4
ISSN	1741-203X ; 1041-6102
ISSN (online)	1741-203X
ISSN	1041-6102
DOI	10.1017/S1041610224000048
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Zs.A 2621: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Toll-like Receptor 2 in Autoimmune Inflammation.

Marks, Kathryne E / Cho, Kaylin / Stickling, Courtney / Reynolds, Joseph M

Immune network

2021 Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) e18

Abstract: TLR signaling is critical for broad scale immune recognition of pathogens and/or danger molecules. TLRs are particularly important for the activation and the maturation of cells comprising the innate immune response. In recent years it has become ... ...

Abstract	TLR signaling is critical for broad scale immune recognition of pathogens and/or danger molecules. TLRs are particularly important for the activation and the maturation of cells comprising the innate immune response. In recent years it has become apparent that several different TLRs regulate the function of lymphocytes as well, albeit to a lesser degree compared to innate immunity. TLR2 heterodimerizes with either TLR1 or TLR6 to broadly recognize bacterial lipopeptides as well as several danger-associated molecular patterns. In general, TLR2 signaling promotes immune cell activation leading to tissue inflammation, which is advantageous for combating an infection. Conversely, inappropriate or dysfunctional TLR2 signaling leading to an overactive inflammatory response could be detrimental during sterile inflammation and autoimmune disease. This review will highlight and discuss recent research advances linking TLR2 engagement to autoimmune inflammation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-25
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2536191-0
ISSN	2092-6685 ; 1598-2629
ISSN (online)	2092-6685
ISSN	1598-2629
DOI	10.4110/in.2021.21.e18
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Article: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) knowledge, use, and discontinuation among Lake Victoria fisherfolk in Uganda: a cross-sectional population-based study.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2024

Abstract: Background: There are limited population-level data on the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum in eastern Africa. Here, we assessed the PrEP care continuum following PrEP rollout in a Ugandan community with ~40% HIV seroprevalence.: Methods! ...

Abstract	Background: There are limited population-level data on the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum in eastern Africa. Here, we assessed the PrEP care continuum following PrEP rollout in a Ugandan community with ~40% HIV seroprevalence. Methods: We used cross-sectional population-based data collected between September 3 and December 19, 2018 from a Lake Victoria fishing community in southern Uganda to measure levels of self-reported PrEP knowledge, ever use, and discontinuation following 2017 PrEP rollout via a U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)-supported phased implementation program. Our analysis included HIV-seronegative persons reporting having ever received an HIV test result. We examined associations between demographic, behavioral, and health utilization factors with each outcome using age-adjusted modified Poisson regression. Results: There were 1,401 HIV-seronegative participants, of whom 1,363 (97.3%) reported ever receiving an HIV test result. Median age was 29 years (IQR: 23-36), and 42.3% (n=577) were women. Most (85.5%; n=1,166) participants reported PrEP knowledge, but few (14.5%; n=197) reported ever using PrEP. Among 375 (47.7%) men and 169 (29.3%) women PrEP-eligible at time of survey, 18.9% (n=71) and 27.8% (n=47) reported ever using PrEP, respectively. Over half (52.3%, n=103) of those who had ever used PrEP, self-reported current use. Conclusion: In this Lake Victoria fishing community, there were low levels of PrEP use despite high levels of PrEP awareness and eligibility, particularly among men. Efforts that enhance awareness of HIV risk and increase PrEP accessibility may help increase PrEP use among HIV-seronegative persons in African settings with high HIV burden.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.03.29.24305076
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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