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Article: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Ameliorates Ara-C-Induced Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Ataxia.

Park, Narae / Sharma, Chanchal / Jung, Un Ju / Kim, Sehwan / Nam, Youngpyo / Kim, Kyung-Suk / Suk, Kyoungho / Lee, Ho-Won / Kim, Sang Ryong

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 5

Abstract: ... hMSCs) into wild-type mice that were intraperitoneally administered cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C ... as measured using calbindin and NeuN protein markers. Multiple hMSC injections preserved Ara-C-induced ... our results demonstrate that hMSCs exhibit therapeutic potential for Ara-C-induced CA by protecting neurons ...

Abstract	This study investigated the therapeutic effects of transplanting human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into wild-type mice that were intraperitoneally administered cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) to develop cerebellar ataxia (CA) during the first three postnatal days. hMSCs were intrathecally injected into 10-week-old mice once or thrice at 4-week intervals. Compared to the nontreated mice, the hMSC-treated mice showed improved motor and balance coordination, as measured using the rotarod, open-field, and ataxic scoring assessments, and increased protein levels in Purkinje and cerebellar granule cells, as measured using calbindin and NeuN protein markers. Multiple hMSC injections preserved Ara-C-induced cerebellar neuronal loss and improved cerebellar weight. Furthermore, the hMSC implantation significantly elevated the levels of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors, and suppressed TNF-α-, IL-1β-, and iNOS-mediated proinflammatory responses. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hMSCs exhibit therapeutic potential for Ara-C-induced CA by protecting neurons through the stimulation of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of cerebellar inflammatory responses, which can improve motor behavior and alleviate ataxia-related neuropathology. In summary, this study suggests that hMSC administration, particularly multiple treatments, can effectively treat ataxia-related symptoms with cerebellar toxicity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12051756
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Article ; Online: Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Ameliorates Ara-C-Induced Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Ataxia

Narae Park / Chanchal Sharma / Un Ju Jung / Sehwan Kim / Youngpyo Nam / Kyung-Suk Kim / Kyoungho Suk / Ho-Won Lee / Sang Ryong Kim

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 1756, p

2023 Volume 1756

Abstract	This study investigated the therapeutic effects of transplanting human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into wild-type mice that were intraperitoneally administered cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) to develop cerebellar ataxia (CA) during the first three postnatal days. hMSCs were intrathecally injected into 10-week-old mice once or thrice at 4-week intervals. Compared to the nontreated mice, the hMSC-treated mice showed improved motor and balance coordination, as measured using the rotarod, open-field, and ataxic scoring assessments, and increased protein levels in Purkinje and cerebellar granule cells, as measured using calbindin and NeuN protein markers. Multiple hMSC injections preserved Ara-C-induced cerebellar neuronal loss and improved cerebellar weight. Furthermore, the hMSC implantation significantly elevated the levels of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors, and suppressed TNF-α-, IL-1β-, and iNOS-mediated proinflammatory responses. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hMSCs exhibit therapeutic potential for Ara-C-induced CA by protecting neurons through the stimulation of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of cerebellar inflammatory responses, which can improve motor behavior and alleviate ataxia-related neuropathology. In summary, this study suggests that hMSC administration, particularly multiple treatments, can effectively treat ataxia-related symptoms with cerebellar toxicity.
Keywords	human mesenchymal stem cells ; cytosine arabinoside ; cerebellar ataxia ; motor behavior ; neurotrophic factor ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616 ; 571
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Radotinib enhances cytarabine (Ara-C)-induced acute myeloid leukemia cell death.

Heo, Sook-Kyoung / Noh, Eui-Kyu / Yu, Ho-Min / Kim, Do Kyoung / Seo, Hye Jin / Lee, Yoo Jin / Cheon, Jaekyung / Koh, Su Jin / Min, Young Joo / Choi, Yunsuk / Jo, Jae-Cheol

BMC cancer

2020 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 1193

Abstract: ... effects towards AML cells. However, little is known about the effects of combining radotinib with Ara-C ... Therefore, we investigated combination effects of radotinib and Ara-C on AML in this study.: Methods: Synergistic anti ... cancer effects of radotinib and Ara-C in AML cells including HL60, HEL92.1.7, THP-1 and bone marrow cells ...

Abstract	Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease that frequently relapses after standard chemotherapy. Therefore, there is a need for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents that could treat AML effectively. Radotinib, an oral BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was developed as a drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Previously, we reported that radotinib exerts increased cytotoxic effects towards AML cells. However, little is known about the effects of combining radotinib with Ara-C, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent for AML, with respect to cell death in AML cells. Therefore, we investigated combination effects of radotinib and Ara-C on AML in this study. Methods: Synergistic anti-cancer effects of radotinib and Ara-C in AML cells including HL60, HEL92.1.7, THP-1 and bone marrow cells from AML patients have been examined. Diverse cell biological assays such as cell viability assay, Annexin V-positive cells, caspase-3 activity, cell cycle distribution, and related signaling pathway have been performed. Results: The combination of radotinib and Ara-C was found to induce AML cell apoptosis, which involved the mitochondrial pathway. In brief, combined radotinib and Ara-C significantly induced Annexin V-positive cells, cytosolic cytochrome C, and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax in AML cells including HL60, HEL92.1.7, and THP-1. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-xl protein were markedly decreased by radotinib and Ara-C. Moreover, this combination induced caspase-3 activity. Cleaved caspase-3, 7, and 9 levels were also increased by combined radotinib and Ara-C. Additionally, radotinib and Ara-C co-treatment induced G Conclusions: Therefore, our results can be concluded that radotinib in combination with Ara-C possesses a strong anti-AML activity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Benzamides/pharmacology ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; Daunorubicin/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Idarubicin/pharmacology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/physiology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Pyrazines/pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Single-Blind Method ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
Chemical Substances	4-methyl-N-(3-(4-methylimidazol-1-yl)-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-(4-pyrazin-2-ylpyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzamide ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Benzamides ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Pyrazines ; Cytarabine (04079A1RDZ) ; Idarubicin (ZRP63D75JW) ; Daunorubicin (ZS7284E0ZP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2407
ISSN (online)	1471-2407
DOI	10.1186/s12885-020-07701-8
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Article ; Online: Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors suppress SAMHD1 ara-CTPase activity enhancing cytarabine efficacy.

Rudd, Sean G / Tsesmetzis, Nikolaos / Sanjiv, Kumar / Paulin, Cynthia Bj / Sandhow, Lakshmi / Kutzner, Juliane / Hed Myrberg, Ida / Bunten, Sarah S / Axelsson, Hanna / Zhang, Si Min / Rasti, Azita / Mäkelä, Petri / Coggins, Si'Ana A / Tao, Sijia / Suman, Sharda / Branca, Rui M / Mermelekas, Georgios / Wiita, Elisée / Lee, Sun /

Walfridsson, Julian / Schinazi, Raymond F / Kim, Baek / Lehtiö, Janne / Rassidakis, Georgios Z / Pokrovskaja Tamm, Katja / Warpman-Berglund, Ulrika / Heyman, Mats / Grandér, Dan / Lehmann, Sören / Lundbäck, Thomas / Qian, Hong / Henter, Jan-Inge / Schaller, Torsten / Helleday, Thomas / Herold, Nikolas

EMBO molecular medicine

2020 Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e10419

Abstract: The deoxycytidine analogue cytarabine (ara-C) remains the backbone treatment ... to ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), limits ara-C efficacy by hydrolysing the active triphosphate metabolite ara-CTP. Here ... mediated barrier to ara-C efficacy in primary blasts and mouse models of AML, displaying SAMHD1-dependent ...

Abstract	The deoxycytidine analogue cytarabine (ara-C) remains the backbone treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) as well as other haematological and lymphoid malignancies, but must be combined with other chemotherapeutics to achieve cure. Yet, the underlying mechanism dictating synergistic efficacy of combination chemotherapy remains largely unknown. The dNTPase SAMHD1, which regulates dNTP homoeostasis antagonistically to ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), limits ara-C efficacy by hydrolysing the active triphosphate metabolite ara-CTP. Here, we report that clinically used inhibitors of RNR, such as gemcitabine and hydroxyurea, overcome the SAMHD1-mediated barrier to ara-C efficacy in primary blasts and mouse models of AML, displaying SAMHD1-dependent synergy with ara-C. We present evidence that this is mediated by dNTP pool imbalances leading to allosteric reduction of SAMHD1 ara-CTPase activity. Thus, SAMHD1 constitutes a novel biomarker for combination therapies of ara-C and RNR inhibitors with immediate consequences for clinical practice to improve treatment of AML.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Mice ; Pyrophosphatases/metabolism ; Ribonucleotide Reductases/antagonists & inhibitors ; SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytarabine (04079A1RDZ) ; Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate (13191-15-6) ; Ribonucleotide Reductases (EC 1.17.4.-) ; SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1 (EC 3.1.5.-) ; Samhd1 protein, mouse (EC 3.1.5.-) ; CTPase (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Pyrophosphatases (EC 3.6.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2467145-9
ISSN	1757-4684 ; 1757-4676
ISSN (online)	1757-4684
ISSN	1757-4676
DOI	10.15252/emmm.201910419
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Article ; Online: Treatment of relapsed acute leukemia by Ara C plus donor lymphocyte infusion using CD34＋ cells reserved at the time of allogeneic transplantation.

Yj, Lee / Dw, Back / Hc, Cho / Jh, Moon / Sk, Sohn

Blood cell therapy

2020 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 22–31

Abstract: Currently, there is no standard therapy available for relapsed acute leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of cytoreduction with cytarabine followed by granulocyte colony- ... ...

Abstract	Currently, there is no standard therapy available for relapsed acute leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of cytoreduction with cytarabine followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-primed donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for patients with acute leukemia who relapsed after allo-HCT. We retrospectively reviewed 255 patients who had received allo-HCT for acute leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome. Patients were divided into two groups based on the CD34＋ cell dose they received during the initial transplantation; patients in the lower CD34＋ group received a dose lower than 6×10
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-21
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2432-7026
ISSN (online)	2432-7026
DOI	10.31547/bct-2019-015
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Article ; Online: Significant Effect of Sample Pretreatment on Ara h1 Extraction and Improved Sensitive SWCNT-Based Detection through Optimization

Jinyoung Lee

Processes, Vol 8, Iss 1420, p

2020 Volume 1420

Abstract: ... compared to other analyses. In this study, the pretreatment process of Ara h1 protein from its retained ... complex food matrix was optimized using various buffer compounds and the pretreated allergenic Ara h1 ... peanut allergens from foods. The extraction procedure for Ara h1 from peanut butter foods was performed ...

Abstract	Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based nanobiosensors have received increasing attention from food researchers as a future instrument of food safety due to their high sensitivity. However, the pretreatment process of the sample applying to SWCNT-based nanobiosensor is required to be more delicate compared to other analyses. In this study, the pretreatment process of Ara h1 protein from its retained complex food matrix was optimized using various buffer compounds and the pretreated allergenic Ara h1 obtained for the optimized process was detected by SWCNT-based nanobiosensor. In the pretreatment process, the buffer extraction method with tris buffer (Tris-HNO 3 , pH 8.4) was developed and used to extract native peanut allergens from foods. The extraction procedure for Ara h1 from peanut butter foods was performed by varying the temperature, extraction time, and additives (NaCl and skim milk powder). The results of these tests using our SWCNT-based biosensor were analyzed to evaluate the allergenic nature of the extracts. The peak level of Ara h1 extraction was achieved as 84.60 ± 7.50 ng/mL at 21 °C/60 min with the mixture of Tris-HNO 3 and 1 M NaCl. In addition, other significant Ara h1 extractions were found to be 29.59 ± 2.57 at 21 °C/15 min and 27.74 ± 1.33 ng/mL at 60 °C/15 min. This study emphasizes the importance of adjusting the extraction time and temperature with respect to the target allergen and food matrix components. After the optimization of the sample pretreatment, the precision of SWCNT-based nanobiosensor by the resistance difference (ΔR) of the SWCNT-based biosensor via linear sweep voltammetry in a potentiostat was identified using the pretreated Ara h1 sample from the processed food compared with the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results.
Keywords	pretreatment ; extraction ; single-walled carbon nanotube ; peanut allergen ; nanobiosensor ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Detection of Peanut Allergen Ara h 6 in Commercially Processed Foods using a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensor.

Sobhan, Abdus / Oh, Jun-Hyun / Park, Mi-Kyung / Lee, Jinyoung

Journal of AOAC International

2018 Volume 101, Issue 5, Page(s) 1558–1565

Abstract: Background: The peanut protein Arachis hypogaea (Ara h) 6 is one of the most serious food ... dose demands for more selective and rapid methods for detecting Ara h 6.: Objective: The goal ... of Ara h 6 in commercial food products.: Methods: The detection principle of this biosensor was based ...

Abstract	Background: The peanut protein Arachis hypogaea (Ara h) 6 is one of the most serious food allergens that contributes to food-related, life-threatening problems worldwide. The extremely low allergic dose demands for more selective and rapid methods for detecting Ara h 6. Objective: The goal of this study was to develop a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based biosensor for the rapid detection of Ara h 6 in commercial food products. Methods: The detection principle of this biosensor was based on the binding of Ara h 6 to the anti-Ara h 6 antibody (pAb) through 1-pyrenibutanoic acid succinimidyl ester. The resistance difference (ΔR) was calculated via linear sweep voltammetry using a potentiostat. Results: The ΔR increased as the Ara h 6 concentrations increased above the range of 100-107 pg/L. A specificity analysis showed that the anti-Ara h 6 pAb selectively interacted with Ara h 6 molecules in the buffer solution (pH 7.4). Conclusions: This research proposes that an SWCNT-based biosensor in self-assembly with antibodies could be an effective tool for the rapid detection of allergen proteins in food. Highlights: The developed biosensor exhibited higher sensitivity and selectivity. Application studies resulted in precise Ara h 6 detection in peanut-containing processed food.
MeSH term(s)	2S Albumins, Plant/analysis ; Antibodies, Immobilized/chemistry ; Antigens, Plant/analysis ; Arachis/chemistry ; Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Fast Foods/analysis ; Food Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Humans ; Immunoassay/methods ; Limit of Detection ; Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry ; Peanut Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Potentiometry/methods
Chemical Substances	2S Albumins, Plant ; Antibodies, Immobilized ; Antigens, Plant ; Ara h 6 allergen, Arachis hypogaea ; Nanotubes, Carbon
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1103149-9
ISSN	1944-7922 ; 1060-3271
ISSN (online)	1944-7922
ISSN	1060-3271
DOI	10.5740/jaoacint.18-0041
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Zs.A 1229: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Assessment of peanut allergen Ara h1 in processed foods using a SWCNTs-based nanobiosensor.

Sobhan, Abdus / Oh, Jun-Hyun / Park, Mi-Kyung / Kim, Seung Wook / Park, Chulhwan / Lee, Jinyoung

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry

2018 Volume 82, Issue 7, Page(s) 1134–1142

Abstract: ... biosensor and to employ it to commercial food products for Ara h1 detection. The SWCNT-based biosensor was ... sweep voltammetry (LSV) using a potentiostat. Resistance values increased as the concentration of Ara h1 ...

Abstract	The goals of this research were to develop a rapid single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based biosensor and to employ it to commercial food products for Ara h1 detection. The SWCNT-based biosensor was fabricated with SWCNTs immobilized with antibody (pAb) through hybridization of 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (1-PBASE) as a linker. The resistance difference (ΔR) was calculated by measuring linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) using a potentiostat. Resistance values increased as the concentration of Ara h1 increased over the range of 1 to 10
MeSH term(s)	Antigens, Plant/analysis ; Arachis/chemistry ; Arachis/immunology ; Biosensing Techniques ; Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Food Analysis/methods ; Food Handling ; Glycoproteins/analysis ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nanotubes, Carbon ; Peanut Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Peanut Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Peanut Hypersensitivity/prevention & control ; Plant Proteins/analysis ; Pyrenes/chemistry ; Succinimides/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Antigens, Plant ; Ara h 1 protein, Arachis hypogaea ; Glycoproteins ; Nanotubes, Carbon ; Plant Proteins ; Pyrenes ; Succinimides ; 1-pyrenebutyrate (3443-45-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1106450-x
ISSN	1347-6947 ; 0916-8451
ISSN (online)	1347-6947
ISSN	0916-8451
DOI	10.1080/09168451.2018.1453295
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Zs.A 4647: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors suppress SAMHD1 ara‐CTPase activity enhancing cytarabine efficacy

Sean G Rudd / Nikolaos Tsesmetzis / Kumar Sanjiv / Cynthia BJ Paulin / Lakshmi Sandhow / Juliane Kutzner / Ida Hed Myrberg / Sarah S Bunten / Hanna Axelsson / Si Min Zhang / Azita Rasti / Petri Mäkelä / Si'Ana A Coggins / Sijia Tao / Sharda Suman / Rui M Branca / Georgios Mermelekas / Elisée Wiita / Sun Lee /

Julian Walfridsson / Raymond F Schinazi / Baek Kim / Janne Lehtiö / Georgios Z Rassidakis / Katja Pokrovskaja Tamm / Ulrika Warpman‐Berglund / Mats Heyman / Dan Grandér / Sören Lehmann / Thomas Lundbäck / Hong Qian / Jan‐Inge Henter / Torsten Schaller / Thomas Helleday / Nikolas Herold

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2020)

2020

Abstract: Abstract The deoxycytidine analogue cytarabine (ara‐C) remains the backbone treatment ... to ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), limits ara‐C efficacy by hydrolysing the active triphosphate metabolite ara‐CTP. Here ... mediated barrier to ara‐C efficacy in primary blasts and mouse models of AML, displaying SAMHD1‐dependent ...

Abstract	Abstract The deoxycytidine analogue cytarabine (ara‐C) remains the backbone treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) as well as other haematological and lymphoid malignancies, but must be combined with other chemotherapeutics to achieve cure. Yet, the underlying mechanism dictating synergistic efficacy of combination chemotherapy remains largely unknown. The dNTPase SAMHD1, which regulates dNTP homoeostasis antagonistically to ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), limits ara‐C efficacy by hydrolysing the active triphosphate metabolite ara‐CTP. Here, we report that clinically used inhibitors of RNR, such as gemcitabine and hydroxyurea, overcome the SAMHD1‐mediated barrier to ara‐C efficacy in primary blasts and mouse models of AML, displaying SAMHD1‐dependent synergy with ara‐C. We present evidence that this is mediated by dNTP pool imbalances leading to allosteric reduction of SAMHD1 ara‐CTPase activity. Thus, SAMHD1 constitutes a novel biomarker for combination therapies of ara‐C and RNR inhibitors with immediate consequences for clinical practice to improve treatment of AML.
Keywords	acute myeloid leukaemia ; chemotherapy resistance ; drug synergy ; precision medicine ; SAMHD1 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Genetics ; QH426-470
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Pelvic Limb Amputation for the Treatment of a Soft-tissue Sarcoma of the Tibiotarso-tarsometatarsal Joint in a Blue-and-gold Macaw (Ara ararauna).

Summa, Noémie / Boston, Sarah / Eshar, David / Lee-Chow, Bridget / Harrison, Erin / Fischer, Catherine / Ji, Ae-Ri / Stevens, Brian / Smith, Dale A

Journal of avian medicine and surgery

2016 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 159–164

Abstract: An unsexed, 16-year-old blue-and-gold macaw (Ara ararauna) was presented for evaluation of rapidly ...

Abstract	An unsexed, 16-year-old blue-and-gold macaw (Ara ararauna) was presented for evaluation of rapidly growing subcutaneous masses at the left tibiotarso-tarsometatarsal joint. Results of incisional biopsy were diagnostic for an intermediate-grade soft-tissue sarcoma. A distal-femoral amputation was performed and the leg was submitted for histopathology. Histopathologic examination confirmed the biopsy diagnosis and revealed neoplastic spread into the bone marrow cavity of the tibiotarsus. Excisional margins were complete. The macaw recovered and did well until it died suddenly 32 months after surgery. At necropsy, death was attributed to acute hepatic hemorrhage. No recurrence or metastasis of the sarcoma was identified.
MeSH term(s)	Amputation/veterinary ; Animals ; Bird Diseases/surgery ; Hindlimb/surgery ; Joint Diseases/veterinary ; Psittaciformes ; Sarcoma/surgery ; Sarcoma/veterinary ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/surgery ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2174190-6
ISSN	1938-2871 ; 1082-6742
ISSN (online)	1938-2871
ISSN	1082-6742
DOI	10.1647/2013-061
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