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  1. Article ; Online: Genomics on the road to functional cure of hepatitis B.

    Balagopal, Ashwin / Thomas, David L

    Journal of hepatology

    2023  Volume 80, Issue 1, Page(s) 6–7

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hepatitis B/drug therapy ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy ; Genomics ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; DNA, Viral
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; DNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605953-3
    ISSN 1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
    ISSN (online) 1600-0641
    ISSN 0168-8278
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.11.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: When viruses collide: hepatitis B virus reactivation after hepatitis C treatment.

    Balagopal, Ashwin / Thio, Chloe L

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2020  Volume 130, Issue 6, Page(s) 2823–2826

    Abstract: Treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection can result in HBV reactivation. In this issue of the JCI, Cheng and colleagues explored the role of interferon signaling in the complex ... ...

    Abstract Treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection can result in HBV reactivation. In this issue of the JCI, Cheng and colleagues explored the role of interferon signaling in the complex interaction between HBV and HCV using cell lines, mouse models, and samples from people with coinfection. Notably, HCV enhanced interferon signaling, as measured by interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, and decreased HBV transcription and replication. Blockade of interferon signaling reversed the effects on HBV replication. Further, pharmacologic inhibition of HCV replication in vitro and in coinfected humanized mice also reduced interferon signaling and, correspondingly, increased HBV replication. Intriguingly, baseline serum levels of the ISG CXCL10 predicted HBV reactivation in a cohort of coinfected people taking DAAs. Determining how interferon signaling silences HBV transcription and whether serum CXCL10 predicts HBV reactivation in a clinical setting are questions that warrant further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Mice ; Virus Activation/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI137477
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Natural History of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Composite But Incomplete Picture.

    Sachithanandham, Jaiprasath / Thio, Chloe L / Balagopal, Ashwin

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2021  Volume 73, Issue 9, Page(s) e2943–e2945

    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; SARS Virus ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciaa1413
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  4. Article ; Online: Human Hepegivirus-1: Innocent Traveler, Helpful Symbiote, or Insidious Pathogen?

    Kandathil, Abraham J / Balagopal, Ashwin

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2019  Volume 71, Issue 5, Page(s) 1229–1231

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lymphoma ; Pegivirus ; Symbiosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciz947
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  5. Article ; Online: Integrated hepatitis B virus DNA maintains surface antigen production during antiviral treatment.

    Grudda, Tanner / Hwang, Hyon S / Taddese, Maraake / Quinn, Jeffrey / Sulkowski, Mark S / Sterling, Richard K / Balagopal, Ashwin / Thio, Chloe L

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2023  Volume 132, Issue 18

    Abstract: The focus of hepatitis B functional cure, defined as sustained loss of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA from blood, is on eliminating or silencing the intranuclear template for HBV replication, covalently closed circular DNA ( ... ...

    Abstract The focus of hepatitis B functional cure, defined as sustained loss of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA from blood, is on eliminating or silencing the intranuclear template for HBV replication, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). However, HBsAg also derives from HBV DNA integrated into the host genome (iDNA). Little is known about the contribution of iDNA to circulating HBsAg with current therapeutics. We applied a multiplex droplet digital PCR assay to demonstrate that iDNA is responsible for maintaining HBsAg quantities in some individuals. Using paired bulk liver tissue from 16 HIV/HBV-coinfected persons on nucleos(t)ide analog (NUC) therapy, we demonstrate that people with larger HBsAg declines between biopsies derive HBsAg from cccDNA, whereas people with stable HBsAg levels derive predominantly from iDNA. We applied our assay to individual hepatocytes in paired tissues from 3 people and demonstrated that the individual with significant HBsAg decline had a commensurate loss of infected cells with transcriptionally active cccDNA, while individuals without HBsAg decline had stable or increasing numbers of cells producing HBsAg from iDNA. We demonstrate that while NUC therapy may be effective at controlling cccDNA replication and transcription, innovative treatments are required to address iDNA transcription that sustains HBsAg production.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, Surface ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; DNA, Circular/genetics ; DNA, Circular/therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Hepatitis B/drug therapy ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Surface ; Antiviral Agents ; DNA, Circular ; DNA, Viral ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI161818
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  6. Article: The Natural History of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Composite But Incomplete Picture

    Sachithanandham, Jaiprasath / Thio, Chloe L / Balagopal, Ashwin

    Clin. infect. dis

    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #802767
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: Erratum to: Are T cells the only HIV-1 reservoir?

    Kandathil, Abraham Joseph / Sugawara, Sho / Balagopal, Ashwin

    Retrovirology

    2017  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 11

    Language English
    Publishing date 2017--08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Published Erratum
    ISSN 1742-4690
    ISSN (online) 1742-4690
    DOI 10.1186/s12977-017-0333-x
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  8. Article ; Online: Editorial Commentary: Who is "Special" Now?

    Balagopal, Ashwin / Thomas, David L

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2015  Volume 61, Issue 5, Page(s) 826–828

    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Coinfection/virology ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Humans ; Imidazoles/therapeutic use ; Male
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Imidazoles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/civ382
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  9. Article ; Online: Editorial Commentary: Another Call to Cure Hepatitis B.

    Balagopal, Ashwin / Thio, Chloe L

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2015  Volume 61, Issue 8, Page(s) 1307–1309

    MeSH term(s) Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Coinfection ; Hepatitis B/complications ; Hepatitis B virus/physiology ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Simeprevir/therapeutic use ; Sofosbuvir/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Simeprevir (9WS5RD66HZ) ; Sofosbuvir (WJ6CA3ZU8B)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/civ475
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  10. Article ; Online: HIV-1 Infection and Type 1 Interferon: Navigating Through Uncertain Waters.

    Sugawara, Sho / Thomas, David L / Balagopal, Ashwin

    AIDS research and human retroviruses

    2018  Volume 35, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–32

    Abstract: HIV-1 remains a chronic viral infection of global health importance. Although HIV-1 replication can be controlled by antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is no cure due to persistence of a long-lived latent reservoir. In addition, people living with HIV-1 ...

    Abstract HIV-1 remains a chronic viral infection of global health importance. Although HIV-1 replication can be controlled by antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is no cure due to persistence of a long-lived latent reservoir. In addition, people living with HIV-1 who are taking ART still bear signatures of persistent immune activation that include continued type 1 interferon (IFN) signaling. Paradoxically, type 1 IFN exerts a limited role on the control of chronic HIV-1. Indeed, recent reports from humanized mice suggest that type 1 IFN may partly maintain the latent reservoir. In this review, we discuss the molecular interactions between HIV-1 and the type 1 IFN signaling pathway, and examine the efficacy of type 1 IFNs in vivo. We also explore whether limited type 1 IFN manipulation may have a therapeutic role.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV-1/immunology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/metabolism ; Interferon Type I/metabolism ; Mice, SCID ; Virus Latency
    Chemical Substances Immunologic Factors ; Interferon Type I
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-08-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639130-8
    ISSN 1931-8405 ; 0889-2229
    ISSN (online) 1931-8405
    ISSN 0889-2229
    DOI 10.1089/AID.2018.0161
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