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Article ; Online: Determinants of COVID-19 vaccination worldwide: WORLDCOV, a retrospective observational study.

Peano, Alberto / Politano, Gianfranco / Gianino, Maria Michela

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1128612

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous deaths, great suffering, and significant changes in people's lives worldwide. The introduction of the vaccines was a light in the darkness, but after 18 months, a great disparity in ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous deaths, great suffering, and significant changes in people's lives worldwide. The introduction of the vaccines was a light in the darkness, but after 18 months, a great disparity in vaccination coverage between countries has been observed. As disparities in vaccination coverage have become a global public health issue, this study aimed to analyze several variables to identify possible determinants of COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: An ecological study was conducted using pooled secondary data sourced from institutional sites. A total of 205 countries and territories worldwide were included. A total of 16 variables from different fields were considered to establish possible determinants of COVID-19 vaccination: sociodemographic, cultural, infrastructural, economic and political variables, and health system performance indicators. The percentage of the population vaccinated with at least one dose and the total doses administered per 100 residents on 15 June 2022 were identified as indicators of vaccine coverage and outcomes. Raw and adjusted values for delivered vaccine doses in the multivariate GLM were determined using R. The tested hypothesis (i.e., variables as determinants of COVID-19 vaccination) was formulated before data collection. The study protocol was registered with the grant number NCT05471635. Results: GDP per capita [odds = 1.401 (1.299-1.511) CI 95%], access to electricity [odds = 1.625 (1.559-1.694) CI 95%], political stability, absence of violence/terrorism [odds = 1.334 (1.284-1.387) CI 95%], and civil liberties [odds = 0.888 (0.863-0.914) CI 95%] were strong determinants of COVID-19 vaccination. Several other variables displayed a statistically significant association with outcomes, although the associations were stronger for total doses administered per 100 residents. There was a substantial overlap between raw outcomes and their adjusted counterparts. Discussion: This pioneering study is the first to analyze the association between several different categories of indicators and COVID-19 vaccination coverage in a wide complex setting, identifying strong determinants of vaccination coverage. Political decision-makers should consider these findings when organizing mass vaccination campaigns in a pandemic context to reduce inequalities between nations and to achieve a common good from a public health perspective.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Vaccination Coverage
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1128612
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Article ; Online: Emergency department visits by nursing home residents. A retrospective Italian study of administrative databases from 2015 to 2019.

Albanesi, Beatrice / Conti, Alessio / Politano, Gianfranco / Dimonte, Valerio / Gianino, Maria Michela / Campagna, Sara

BMC geriatrics

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 295

Abstract: Background: Visits to Emergency Departments (ED) can be traumatic for Nursing Home (NH) residents. In Italy, the rate of ED visits by NH residents was recently calculated as 3.3%. The reduction of inappropriate ED visits represents a priority for ... ...

Abstract	Background: Visits to Emergency Departments (ED) can be traumatic for Nursing Home (NH) residents. In Italy, the rate of ED visits by NH residents was recently calculated as 3.3%. The reduction of inappropriate ED visits represents a priority for National Healthcare Systems worldwide. Nevertheless, research on factors associated with ED visits is still under-studied in the Italian setting. This study has two main aims: (i) to describe the baseline characteristics of NH residents visiting ED at regional level; (ii) to assess the characteristics, trends, and factors associated with these visits. Methods: A retrospective study of administrative data for five years was performed in the Piedmont Region. Data from 24,208 NH residents were analysed. Data were obtained by merging two ministerial databases of residential care and ED use. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the residents, trends, and rates of ED visits were collected. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with ED visits. Results: In 5 years, 12,672 residents made 24,609 ED visits. Aspecific symptoms (45%), dyspnea (17%) and trauma (16%) were the most frequent problems reported at ED. 51% of these visits were coded as non-critical, and 58% were discharged to the NH. The regression analysis showed an increased risk of ED visits for men (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.51-1.70) and for residents with a stay in NH longer than 400 days (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 2.08-2.31). Conclusions: Our study indicates that more than half of NH residents' ED visits could potentially be prevented by treating residents in NH. Investments in the creation of a structured and effective network within primary care services, promoting the use of health technology and palliative care approaches, could reduce ED visits and help clinicians manage residents on-site and remotely.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Nursing Homes ; Emergency Room Visits ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Patient Discharge
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059865-8
ISSN	1471-2318 ; 1471-2318
ISSN (online)	1471-2318
ISSN	1471-2318
DOI	10.1186/s12877-024-04912-7
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Article ; Online: The integration of clinical data in the assessment of multiple sclerosis - A review.

Ostellino, Sofia / Benso, Alfredo / Politano, Gianfranco

Computer methods and programs in biomedicine

2022 Volume 221, Page(s) 106900

Abstract: Background and objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease associated with various and heterogeneous clinical characteristics. Given its complex nature and its unpredictable evolution over time, there isn't an established and ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease associated with various and heterogeneous clinical characteristics. Given its complex nature and its unpredictable evolution over time, there isn't an established and exhaustive clinical protocol (or tool) for its diagnosis nor for monitoring its progression. Instead, different clinical exams and physical/psychological evaluations need to be taken into account. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is the most used clinical scale, but it suffers from several limitations. Developing computational solutions for the identification of bio-markers of disease progression that overcome the downsides of currently used scales is crucial and is gaining interest in current literature and research. Methods: This Review focuses on the importance of approaching MS diagnosis and monitoring by investigating correlations between cognitive impairment and clinical data that refer to different MS domains. We review papers that integrate heterogeneous data and analyse them with statistical methods to understand their applicability into more advanced computational tools. Particular attention is paid to the impact that computational approaches can have on personalized-medicine. Results: Personalized medicine for neuro-degenerative diseases is an unmet clinical need which can be addressed using computational approaches able to efficiently integrate heterogeneous clinical data extracted from both private and publicly available electronic health databases. Conclusions: Reliable and explainable Artificial Intelligence are computational approaches required to understand the complex and demonstrated interactions between MS manifestations as well as to provide reliable predictions on the disease evolution, representing a promising research field.
MeSH term(s)	Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-21
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632564-6
ISSN	1872-7565 ; 0169-2607
ISSN (online)	1872-7565
ISSN	0169-2607
DOI	10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106900
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Article ; Online: IL6-mediated HCoV-host interactome regulatory network and GO/Pathway enrichment analysis.

Politano, Gianfranco / Benso, Alfredo

PLoS computational biology

2020 Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) e1008238

Abstract: During these days of global emergency for the COVID-19 disease outbreak, there is an urgency to share reliable information able to help worldwide life scientists to get better insights and make sense of the large amount of data currently available. In ... ...

Abstract	During these days of global emergency for the COVID-19 disease outbreak, there is an urgency to share reliable information able to help worldwide life scientists to get better insights and make sense of the large amount of data currently available. In this study we used the results presented in [1] to perform two different Systems Biology analyses on the HCoV-host interactome. In the first one, we reconstructed the interactome of the HCoV-host proteins, integrating it with highly reliable miRNA and drug interactions information. We then added the IL-6 gene, identified in recent publications [2] as heavily involved in the COVID-19 progression and, interestingly, we identified several interactions with the reconstructed interactome. In the second analysis, we performed a Gene Ontology and a Pathways enrichment analysis on the full set of the HCoV-host interactome proteins and on the ones belonging to a significantly dense cluster of interacting proteins identified in the first analysis. Results of the two analyses provide a compact but comprehensive glance on some of the current state-of-the-art regulations, GO, and pathways involved in the HCoV-host interactome, and that could support all scientists currently focusing on SARS-CoV-2 research.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Gene Ontology ; Genes, Viral ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/physiology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Proteins/genetics ; Viral Proteins/physiology
Chemical Substances	IL6 protein, human ; Interleukin-6 ; Viral Proteins
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008238
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Article ; Online: IL6-mediated HCoV-host interactome regulatory network and GO/Pathway enrichment analysis.

Gianfranco Politano / Alfredo Benso

PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e

2020 Volume 1008238

Abstract	During these days of global emergency for the COVID-19 disease outbreak, there is an urgency to share reliable information able to help worldwide life scientists to get better insights and make sense of the large amount of data currently available. In this study we used the results presented in [1] to perform two different Systems Biology analyses on the HCoV-host interactome. In the first one, we reconstructed the interactome of the HCoV-host proteins, integrating it with highly reliable miRNA and drug interactions information. We then added the IL-6 gene, identified in recent publications [2] as heavily involved in the COVID-19 progression and, interestingly, we identified several interactions with the reconstructed interactome. In the second analysis, we performed a Gene Ontology and a Pathways enrichment analysis on the full set of the HCoV-host interactome proteins and on the ones belonging to a significantly dense cluster of interacting proteins identified in the first analysis. Results of the two analyses provide a compact but comprehensive glance on some of the current state-of-the-art regulations, GO, and pathways involved in the HCoV-host interactome, and that could support all scientists currently focusing on SARS-CoV-2 research.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Verwendung adhäsiver Keramik-Teilrestaurationen zur Wiederherstellung stark zerstörter Zähne

Politano, Gianfranco

The international journal of esthetic dentistry : [Deutsche Ausgabe]

2016 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 298

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2762237-X
ISSN	2198-5928
Database	Current Contents Medicine

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Article ; Online: Effective Protocol for Daily High-quality Direct Posterior Composite Restorations. Cavity Preparation and Design.

Peumans, Marleen / Politano, Gianfranco / Van Meerbeek, Bart

The journal of adhesive dentistry

2021 Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 581–596

Abstract: Tooth-cavity preparation contributes to a large extent to the quality of the direct posterior composite restoration, the so-called hidden quality of the restoration. Indeed, the effect of a poor cavity design is not immediately visible after placement of ...

Abstract	Tooth-cavity preparation contributes to a large extent to the quality of the direct posterior composite restoration, the so-called hidden quality of the restoration. Indeed, the effect of a poor cavity design is not immediately visible after placement of the restoration. To correctly prepare a cavity for a posterior composite restoration, the tooth to be restored should first be profoundly biomechanically analyzed. Here, the forces that work on the tooth during occlusion and articulation, and the amount and quality of the remaining tooth structure determine the cavity form. In addition, the dental tissues must be prepared in order to receive the best possible bond of the adhesive and subsequent restorative composite. A well-finished cavity preparation enables the restorative composite to adapt well, providing a good marginal seal to the direct benefit of the clinical lifetime of the posterior composite restoration. Finally, it is highly recommendable to isolate the teeth with rubber-dam before starting with the cavity preparation, as this increases the visibility of the operating field and allows the operator to work in a more precise way.
MeSH term(s)	Composite Resins ; Dental Caries ; Dental Cavity Preparation ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; Humans ; Rubber Dams
Chemical Substances	Composite Resins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2002396-0
ISSN	1757-9988 ; 1461-5185
ISSN (online)	1757-9988
ISSN	1461-5185
DOI	10.3290/j.jad.a45515
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Article ; Online: Paediatric hospitalizations over three waves of COVID-19 (February 2020 to May 2021) in Italy: determinants and rates.

Martella, Manuela / Peano, Alberto / Politano, Gianfranco / Onorati, Roberta / Gianino, Maria Michela

PeerJ

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) e15492

Abstract: Background: After a pneumonia outbreak in late 2019 in China, a new virus related to the Coronaviridae strain, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the pathogen of an emerging disease known as ... ...

Abstract	Background: After a pneumonia outbreak in late 2019 in China, a new virus related to the Coronaviridae strain, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the pathogen of an emerging disease known as COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Preliminary evidence outlines a higher prevalence in adults and lower susceptibility in children. However, recent epidemiologic research highlighted that transmissibility and susceptibility among children and adolescents become higher due to new virus variants. Infections among youth arises with mainly respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and malaise. Nevertheless, critical illness affects new-borns and fragile children, requiring hospitalization and possibly intensive care support. Aim of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions among children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years over three waves of COVID-19 (from February 2020 to May 2021) in Piedmont, a large Italian region, and to investigate the possible determinants of hospitalizations. Methods: A meta-analysis for risk assessment was performed over three waves of COVID-19 (from February 2020 to May 2021). Data were extracted from the official Italian National Information System and ISTAT. Results: Overall, 442 paediatric patients were enrolled and admissions concerned mostly the age group 0-4 years (60.2%). Trends of hospitalization showed a slight increase of paediatric admissions already in March 2020 and a rise during second and third waves (November 2020, March 2021). Paediatric age-grouped hospitalizations (0-4; 12-17; 5-11) reproduced an analogous trend. The children and adolescent hospitalization rate appeared lower than overall population with a moderate slope of increase in comparison with population slope. Monthly hospitalization rate (per 100,000) of children and adolescents aged 0-17 years reproduced the increasing trend of hospitalization numbers. This trend was influenced, in particular, by the trend of hospitalization rates for children aged 0-4 years. The meta-analysis for risk assessment showed a decreased likelihood of rescue of hospitalizations in female, 5-11 and 12-17 age groups. Conversely, the meta-analysis showed a positive association between foreign nationality and hospitalizations. Conclusions: Our results show a comparable trend of paediatric hospital admissions for COVID-19 and of the entire population hospitalizations over three waves. COVID-19 hospital admissions increase with a bimodal age distribution and the most admissions are among patients aged ≤4 or 5-11 years. Significant predictive factors of hospitalization are identified.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Hospitalization ; Italy/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.15492
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the Strategies to Control COVID-19 Pandemic in Four European Countries.

Gianino, Maria Michela / Nurchis, Mario Cesare / Politano, Gianfranco / Rousset, Stefano / Damiani, Gianfranco

Frontiers in public health

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 700811

Abstract: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. The national governments deployed a series of severe control measures and a set of public health policies in order to stop the ... ...

Abstract	On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. The national governments deployed a series of severe control measures and a set of public health policies in order to stop the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between specific interventions and incident cases during the second wave in multiple and specific countries. The observational study was based on data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) source retrieved from October 1st, 2020 to January 10, 2021. Thirteen specific indicators related to measures adopted were considered. Four European countries were taken into account: Italy, German, Spain and UK. A vector autoregression (VAR) model and the Granger Causality test were performed to allow for an assessment of any possible effect induced by each control measure against the overall pandemic growth. Wald test was conducted to compute
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Government ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2021.700811
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Article ; Online: Paediatric hospitalizations over three waves of COVID-19 (February 2020 to May 2021) in Italy

Manuela Martella / Alberto Peano / Gianfranco Politano / Roberta Onorati / Maria Michela Gianino

PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

determinants and rates

2023 Volume 15492

Abstract: Background After a pneumonia outbreak in late 2019 in China, a new virus related to the Coronaviridae strain, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the pathogen of an emerging disease known as COronaVIrus ... ...

Abstract	Background After a pneumonia outbreak in late 2019 in China, a new virus related to the Coronaviridae strain, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the pathogen of an emerging disease known as COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Preliminary evidence outlines a higher prevalence in adults and lower susceptibility in children. However, recent epidemiologic research highlighted that transmissibility and susceptibility among children and adolescents become higher due to new virus variants. Infections among youth arises with mainly respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and malaise. Nevertheless, critical illness affects new-borns and fragile children, requiring hospitalization and possibly intensive care support. Aim of this study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions among children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years over three waves of COVID-19 (from February 2020 to May 2021) in Piedmont, a large Italian region, and to investigate the possible determinants of hospitalizations. Methods A meta-analysis for risk assessment was performed over three waves of COVID-19 (from February 2020 to May 2021). Data were extracted from the official Italian National Information System and ISTAT. Results Overall, 442 paediatric patients were enrolled and admissions concerned mostly the age group 0–4 years (60.2%). Trends of hospitalization showed a slight increase of paediatric admissions already in March 2020 and a rise during second and third waves (November 2020, March 2021). Paediatric age-grouped hospitalizations (0–4; 12–17; 5–11) reproduced an analogous trend. The children and adolescent hospitalization rate appeared lower than overall population with a moderate slope of increase in comparison with population slope. Monthly hospitalization rate (per 100,000) of children and adolescents aged 0–17 years reproduced the increasing trend of hospitalization numbers. This trend was influenced, in particular, by the trend of hospitalization rates for ...
Keywords	Hospitalization ; Children ; Adolescent ; COVID-19 ; Determinants ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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