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  1. Article ; Online: A novel genotype of avian hepatitis E virus identified in chickens and common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), extending its host range.

    Matos, Miguel / Bilic, Ivana / Tvarogová, Jana / Palmieri, Nicola / Furmanek, Danuta / Gotowiecka, Malwina / Liebhart, Dieter / Hess, Michael

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 21743

    Abstract: In 2019, outbreaks of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) were observed in six commercial layer chicken flocks, belonging to three different Polish farms, and characterized by increased mortality, hemorrhagic hepatitis with attached blood clots on the ... ...

    Abstract In 2019, outbreaks of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) were observed in six commercial layer chicken flocks, belonging to three different Polish farms, and characterized by increased mortality, hemorrhagic hepatitis with attached blood clots on the liver surface, and splenomegaly. Diseased flocks were initially investigated for the presence of avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) - the etiological agent of HSS - by conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, which revealed aHEV sequences clustering separately from all known aHEV genotypes. Additionally, an aHEV genome was identified for the first time in common pheasants, from a flock in France, using Next Generation Sequencing. This genome clustered together with the Polish aHEVs here investigated. Complete genome aHEV sequences from the HSS outbreaks confirmed the divergent cluster, with a shared nucleotide sequence identity of 79.6-83.2% with other aHEVs, which we propose to comprise a novel aHEV genotype - genotype 7. Histology and immunohistochemistry investigations in the liver and spleen established an association between aHEV and the observed lesions in the affected birds, consolidating the knowledge on the pathogenesis of aHEV, which is still largely unknown. Thus, the present investigation extends the natural host range and genotypes of aHEV and strengthens knowledge on the pathogenesis of HSS.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-26103-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Epidemic of cutaneous fowlpox in a naïve population of chickens and turkeys in Austria: Detailed phylogenetic analysis indicates co-evolution of fowlpox virus with reticuloendotheliosis virus.

    Matos, Miguel / Bilic, Ivana / Palmieri, Nicola / Mitsch, Peter / Sommer, Franz / Tvarogová, Jana / Liebhart, Dieter / Hess, Michael

    Transboundary and emerging diseases

    2022  Volume 69, Issue 5, Page(s) 2913–2923

    Abstract: Cutaneous fowlpox is a disease of chickens and turkeys caused by the fowlpox virus (FWPV), characterized by the development of proliferative lesions and scabs on unfeathered areas. FWPVs regularly carry an integrated, active copy of the ... ...

    Abstract Cutaneous fowlpox is a disease of chickens and turkeys caused by the fowlpox virus (FWPV), characterized by the development of proliferative lesions and scabs on unfeathered areas. FWPVs regularly carry an integrated, active copy of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), and it has been hypothesized that such FWPVs are more problematic in the field. Extensive outbreaks are usually observed in tropical and sub-tropical climates, where biting insects are more difficult to control. Here, we report an epidemic of 65 cutaneous fowlpox cases in Austria in layer chickens (91% of the cases) and broiler breeders and turkeys, all of them unvaccinated against the disease, from October 2018 to February 2020. The field data revealed appearance in flocks of different sizes ranging from less than 5000 birds up to more than 20,000 animals, with the majority raised indoors in a barn system. The clinical presentation was characterized by typical epithelial lesions on the head of the affected birds, with an average decrease of 6% in egg production and an average weekly mortality of 1.2% being observed in the flocks. A real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of FWPV-REV DNA, not only in the lesions but also in the environmental dust from the poultry houses. The integration of the REV provirus into the FWPV genome was confirmed by PCR, and revealed different FWPV genome populations carrying either the REV long terminal repeats (LTRs) or the full-length REV genome, reiterating the instability of the inserted REV. Two selected samples were fully sequenced by next generation sequencing (NGS), and the whole genome phylogenetic analysis revealed a regional clustering of the FWPV genomes. The extensive nature of these outbreaks in host populations naïve for the virus is a remarkable feature of the present report, highlighting new challenges associated with FWPV infections that need to be considered.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Austria/epidemiology ; Chickens ; Dust ; Fowlpox/epidemiology ; Fowlpox virus/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology ; Reticuloendotheliosis virus/genetics ; Turkeys
    Chemical Substances Dust
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-17
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.14446
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Identification and Characterization of a Human Coronavirus 229E Nonstructural Protein 8-Associated RNA 3'-Terminal Adenylyltransferase Activity.

    Tvarogová, Jana / Madhugiri, Ramakanth / Bylapudi, Ganesh / Ferguson, Lyndsey J / Karl, Nadja / Ziebuhr, John

    Journal of virology

    2019  Volume 93, Issue 12

    Abstract: Coronavirus nonstructural protein 8 (nsp8) has been suggested to have diverse activities, including noncanonical template-dependent polymerase activities. Here, we characterized a recombinant form of the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) nsp8 and found ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus nonstructural protein 8 (nsp8) has been suggested to have diverse activities, including noncanonical template-dependent polymerase activities. Here, we characterized a recombinant form of the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) nsp8 and found that the protein has metal ion-dependent RNA 3'-terminal adenylyltransferase (TATase) activity, while other nucleotides were not (or very inefficiently) transferred to the 3' ends of single-stranded and (fully) double-stranded acceptor RNAs. Using partially double-stranded RNAs, very efficient TATase activity was observed if the opposite (template) strand contained a short 5' oligo(U) sequence, while very little (if any) activity was detected for substrates with other homopolymeric or heteropolymeric sequences in the 5' overhang. The oligo(U)-assisted/templated TATase activity on partial-duplex RNAs was confirmed for two other coronavirus nsp8 proteins, suggesting that the activity is conserved among coronaviruses. Replacement of a conserved Lys residue with Ala abolished the
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Coronavirus/genetics ; Coronavirus 229E, Human/genetics ; Coronavirus 229E, Human/metabolism ; Coronavirus 229E, Human/physiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase ; Nucleotides/metabolism ; Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase/metabolism ; Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase/physiology ; Protein Multimerization ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/isolation & purification ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication/genetics ; Virus Replication/physiology
    Chemical Substances NS8 protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Nucleotides ; RNA, Double-Stranded ; RNA, Viral ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; nonstructural protein, coronavirus ; Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.19) ; Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48) ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80174-4
    ISSN 1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
    ISSN (online) 1098-5514
    ISSN 0022-538X
    DOI 10.1128/JVI.00291-19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  4. Article: Epidemic of cutaneous fowlpox in a naïve population of chickens and turkeys in Austria: Detailed phylogenetic analysis indicates co‐evolution of fowlpox virus with reticuloendotheliosis virus

    Matos, Miguel / Bilic, Ivana / Palmieri, Nicola / Mitsch, Peter / Sommer, Franz / Tvarogová, Jana / Liebhart, Dieter / Hess, Michael

    Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2022 Sept., v. 69, no. 5

    2022  

    Abstract: Cutaneous fowlpox is a disease of chickens and turkeys caused by the fowlpox virus (FWPV), characterized by the development of proliferative lesions and scabs on unfeathered areas. FWPVs regularly carry an integrated, active copy of the ... ...

    Abstract Cutaneous fowlpox is a disease of chickens and turkeys caused by the fowlpox virus (FWPV), characterized by the development of proliferative lesions and scabs on unfeathered areas. FWPVs regularly carry an integrated, active copy of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), and it has been hypothesized that such FWPVs are more problematic in the field. Extensive outbreaks are usually observed in tropical and sub‐tropical climates, where biting insects are more difficult to control. Here, we report an epidemic of 65 cutaneous fowlpox cases in Austria in layer chickens (91% of the cases) and broiler breeders and turkeys, all of them unvaccinated against the disease, from October 2018 to February 2020. The field data revealed appearance in flocks of different sizes ranging from less than 5000 birds up to more than 20,000 animals, with the majority raised indoors in a barn system. The clinical presentation was characterized by typical epithelial lesions on the head of the affected birds, with an average decrease of 6% in egg production and an average weekly mortality of 1.2% being observed in the flocks. A real‐time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of FWPV‐REV DNA, not only in the lesions but also in the environmental dust from the poultry houses. The integration of the REV provirus into the FWPV genome was confirmed by PCR, and revealed different FWPV genome populations carrying either the REV long terminal repeats (LTRs) or the full‐length REV genome, reiterating the instability of the inserted REV. Two selected samples were fully sequenced by next generation sequencing (NGS), and the whole genome phylogenetic analysis revealed a regional clustering of the FWPV genomes. The extensive nature of these outbreaks in host populations naïve for the virus is a remarkable feature of the present report, highlighting new challenges associated with FWPV infections that need to be considered.
    Keywords DNA ; Fowlpox virus ; Reticuloendotheliosis virus ; barns ; coevolution ; dust ; egg production ; epithelium ; fowl pox ; genome ; mortality ; phylogeny ; polymerase chain reaction ; poultry ; proviruses ; Austria
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 2913-2923.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.14446
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: A novel Chaphamaparvovirus is the etiological agent of hepatitis outbreaks in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) characterized by high mortality.

    Matos, Miguel / Bilic, Ivana / Viloux, Nicolas / Palmieri, Nicola / Albaric, Olivier / Chatenet, Xavier / Tvarogová, Jana / Dinhopl, Nora / Heidl, Sarah / Liebhart, Dieter / Hess, Michael

    Transboundary and emerging diseases

    2022  Volume 69, Issue 5, Page(s) e2093–e2104

    Abstract: In the present study, we report the occurrence of several outbreaks of hepatitis in flocks of young pheasants in France, between 2017 and 2021. The disease was characterized by prostration, apathy and a median cumulative mortality of 12%, with the birds ... ...

    Abstract In the present study, we report the occurrence of several outbreaks of hepatitis in flocks of young pheasants in France, between 2017 and 2021. The disease was characterized by prostration, apathy and a median cumulative mortality of 12%, with the birds presenting multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis on necropsy. Severe extensive areas of degeneration and necrosis were observed in the liver, with degenerative hepatocytes presenting large amphophilic to acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopy examination of liver samples showed the presence of parvovirus-like virions of 21-24 nm, a finding already reported decades ago. Further investigations by Next Generation Sequencing and PCR revealed the complete genome of a novel species of parvovirus, here designated Phasianus chaphamaparvovirus 1 (PhChPV-1), that belongs to the new genus Chaphamaparvovirus in the Hamaparvovirinae subfamily. In situ hybridization and real-time PCR confirmed the etiology of the outbreaks, demonstrating the viral genome in the lesions. The findings establish the etiology of a pathology first described in pheasants 50 years ago and pave the way for a targeted protection strategy.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Hepatitis ; Parvoviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Parvoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Parvovirus/genetics ; Quail
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-09
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.14545
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

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  6. Article: A novel Chaphamaparvovirus is the etiological agent of hepatitis outbreaks in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) characterized by high mortality

    Matos, Miguel / Bilic, Ivana / Viloux, Nicolas / Palmieri, Nicola / Albaric, Olivier / Chatenet, Xavier / Tvarogová, Jana / Dinhopl, Nora / Heidl, Sarah / Liebhart, Dieter / Hess, Michael

    Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2022 Sept., v. 69, no. 5

    2022  

    Abstract: In the present study, we report the occurrence of several outbreaks of hepatitis in flocks of young pheasants in France, between 2017 and 2021. The disease was characterized by prostration, apathy and a median cumulative mortality of 12%, with the birds ... ...

    Abstract In the present study, we report the occurrence of several outbreaks of hepatitis in flocks of young pheasants in France, between 2017 and 2021. The disease was characterized by prostration, apathy and a median cumulative mortality of 12%, with the birds presenting multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis on necropsy. Severe extensive areas of degeneration and necrosis were observed in the liver, with degenerative hepatocytes presenting large amphophilic to acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Transmission electron microscopy examination of liver samples showed the presence of parvovirus‐like virions of 21–24 nm, a finding already reported decades ago. Further investigations by Next Generation Sequencing and PCR revealed the complete genome of a novel species of parvovirus, here designated Phasianus chaphamaparvovirus 1 (PhChPV‐1), that belongs to the new genus Chaphamaparvovirus in the Hamaparvovirinae subfamily. In situ hybridization and real‐time PCR confirmed the etiology of the outbreaks, demonstrating the viral genome in the lesions. The findings establish the etiology of a pathology first described in pheasants 50 years ago and pave the way for a targeted protection strategy.
    Keywords Phasianus colchicus ; etiological agents ; hepatitis ; hepatocytes ; hybridization ; liver ; mortality ; necropsy ; necrosis ; new genus ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; transmission electron microscopy ; viral genome ; France
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. e2093-e2104.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2414822-2
    ISSN 1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
    ISSN (online) 1865-1682
    ISSN 1865-1674
    DOI 10.1111/tbed.14545
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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