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  1. Article ; Online: "Nothing without connection"-Participant perspectives and experiences of mentorship in capacity building in Timor-Leste.

    Yan, Jennifer / Martins, Nelson / Amaral, Salvador / Francis, Joshua R / Kameniar, Barbara / Delany, Clare

    PLOS global public health

    2024  Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e0002112

    Abstract: The literature on mentorship approaches to capacity building in global health is limited. Likewise, there are few qualitative studies that describe mentorship in capacity building in global health from the perspective of the mentors and mentees. This ... ...

    Abstract The literature on mentorship approaches to capacity building in global health is limited. Likewise, there are few qualitative studies that describe mentorship in capacity building in global health from the perspective of the mentors and mentees. This qualitative study examined the perspectives and experiences of participants involved in a program of health capacity building in Timor-Leste that was based on a side-by-side, in-country mentorship approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 participants (including Timorese and expatriate mentors, and local Timorese colleagues) from across a range of professional health disciplines, followed by a series of member checking workshops. Findings were reviewed using inductive thematic analysis. Participants were included in review and refinement of themes. Four major themes were identified: the importance of trust and connection within the mentoring relationship; the side-by-side nature of the relationship (akompaña); mentoring in the context of external environmental challenges; and the need for the mentoring relationship to be dynamic and evolving, and aligned to a shared vision and goals. The importance of accompaniment (akompaña) as a key element of the mentoring relationship requires further exploration and study. Many activities in global health capacity building remain focused on provision of training, supervision, and supportive supervision of competent task performance. Viewed through a decolonising lens, there is an imperative for global health actors to align with local priorities and goals, and work alongside individuals supporting them in their vision to become independent leaders of their professions. We propose that placing mentoring relationships at the centre of human resource capacity building programs encourages deep learning, and is more likely to lead to long term, meaningful and sustainable change.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-3375
    ISSN (online) 2767-3375
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002112
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Drug- and alcohol-related emergency department patient presentations during the 2018 Commonwealth Games: A multi-site retrospective analysis.

    Delany, Catherine / Crilly, Julia / Ranse, Jamie

    Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA

    2021  Volume 33, Issue 5, Page(s) 826–833

    Abstract: ... related to drug(s) and/or alcohol.: Methods: Retrospective observational study comparing ED patient ... alcohol-related presentations accounted for 5% (n = 890) of all ED presentations across the 36-day study ... period with no significant difference between pre (n = 312), during (n = 301) and post (n = 277) periods ...

    Abstract Objective: To examine the impact of the 2018 Commonwealth Games on ED patient presentations related to drug(s) and/or alcohol.
    Methods: Retrospective observational study comparing ED patient presentations made pre, during and post the 2018 Commonwealth Games with either an International Classification of Diseases-10 diagnosis or presenting complaint related to drug and or alcohol misuse.
    Results: Drug- and alcohol-related presentations accounted for 5% (n = 890) of all ED presentations across the 36-day study period with no significant difference between pre (n = 312), during (n = 301) and post (n = 277) periods (P = 0.2). Overall, drug- and alcohol-related patient presentations made to the EDs tended to be young (median age 35 years, interquartile range 24-48), Australian (n = 820, 92%) and male (n = 493, 55%). The majority arrived by ambulance (n = 650, 73%), were allocated an Australasian Triage Scale category of 3 (n = 505, 57%), and arrived between 15.00 and 22.59 hours (n = 365, 41%). No demographic characteristics, ED characteristics or outcomes differed significantly over time.
    Conclusions: During the 2018 Commonwealth Games, minimal impact on the ED was noted pertaining to drug and alcohol misuse. Further research is required to understand whether this held true for other types of ED presentations and during other types and locations of mass gathering events.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Australia/epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Male ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Retrospective Studies ; Triage
    Chemical Substances Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-05
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 2161824-0
    ISSN 1742-6723 ; 1742-6731 ; 1035-6851
    ISSN (online) 1742-6723
    ISSN 1742-6731 ; 1035-6851
    DOI 10.1111/1742-6723.13746
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Author Correction: HIV infection.

    Bekker, Linda-Gail / Beyrer, Chris / Mgodi, Nyaradzo / Lewin, Sharon R / Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead / Taiwo, Babafemi / Masters, Mary Clare / Lazarus, Jeffrey V

    Nature reviews. Disease primers

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 48

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ISSN 2056-676X
    ISSN (online) 2056-676X
    DOI 10.1038/s41572-023-00464-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: HIV infection.

    Bekker, Linda-Gail / Beyrer, Chris / Mgodi, Nyaradzo / Lewin, Sharon R / Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead / Taiwo, Babafemi / Masters, Mary Clare / Lazarus, Jeffrey V

    Nature reviews. Disease primers

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 42

    Abstract: The AIDS epidemic has been a global public health issue for more than 40 years and has resulted in ~40 million deaths. AIDS is caused by the retrovirus, HIV-1, which is transmitted via body fluids and secretions. After infection, the virus invades host ... ...

    Abstract The AIDS epidemic has been a global public health issue for more than 40 years and has resulted in ~40 million deaths. AIDS is caused by the retrovirus, HIV-1, which is transmitted via body fluids and secretions. After infection, the virus invades host cells by attaching to CD4 receptors and thereafter one of two major chemokine coreceptors, CCR5 or CXCR4, destroying the host cell, most often a T lymphocyte, as it replicates. If unchecked this can lead to an immune-deficient state and demise over a period of ~2-10 years. The discovery and global roll-out of rapid diagnostics and effective antiretroviral therapy led to a large reduction in mortality and morbidity and to an expanding group of individuals requiring lifelong viral suppressive therapy. Viral suppression eliminates sexual transmission of the virus and greatly improves health outcomes. HIV infection, although still stigmatized, is now a chronic and manageable condition. Ultimate epidemic control will require prevention and treatment to be made available, affordable and accessible for all. Furthermore, the focus should be heavily oriented towards long-term well-being, care for multimorbidity and good quality of life. Intense research efforts continue for therapeutic and/or preventive vaccines, novel immunotherapies and a cure.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Quality of Life ; Epidemics ; Immunotherapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2056-676X
    ISSN (online) 2056-676X
    DOI 10.1038/s41572-023-00452-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Electrophile dependent mechanisms in the asymmetric trapping of α-lithio-

    Delany, Pascal K / Mortimer, Claire L / Hodgson, David M

    Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

    2020  Volume 56, Issue 81, Page(s) 12174–12177

    Abstract: ... azetidine indicates instability with the N-Botc system is due to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]S group. ... Sn-Li exchange and 'poor man's Hoffmann tests' establish asymmetric trapping of α-lithio-N-(tert ... for the anion generated by lithiation compared to transmetallation. Configurational stability of α-lithio-N-Boc ...

    Abstract Sn-Li exchange and 'poor man's Hoffmann tests' establish asymmetric trapping of α-lithio-N-(tert-butoxythiocarbonyl) (Botc) azetidine to be controlled by dynamic thermodynamic resolution or dynamic kinetic resolution, depending on the electrophile. Unusually, different configurational stability is seen for the anion generated by lithiation compared to transmetallation. Configurational stability of α-lithio-N-Boc azetidine indicates instability with the N-Botc system is due to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]S group.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472881-3
    ISSN 1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
    ISSN (online) 1364-548X
    ISSN 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
    DOI 10.1039/d0cc05396a
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Prevalence and Risk Factors of PrEP Use Stigma Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Johannesburg, South Africa and Mwanza, Tanzania Participating in the EMPOWER Trial.

    Munthali, R J / Stangl, A L / Baron, D / Barré, I / Harvey, S / Ramskin, L / Colombini, M / Naicker, N / Kapiga, S / Delany-Moretlwe, S

    AIDS and behavior

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 3950–3962

    Abstract: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), yet stigma may limit PrEP acceptance and continuation. We examined factors associated with PrEP use stigma among 307 participants of the ... ...

    Abstract Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa may benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), yet stigma may limit PrEP acceptance and continuation. We examined factors associated with PrEP use stigma among 307 participants of the EMPOWER trial (2016-2018), an unblinded randomized controlled trial among HIV-negative, AGYW, aged 16-24, in South Africa and Tanzania. The 6-item, brief-PrEP use stigma scale (B-PSS) had high internal reliability. At the end of the trial, 34.2% of study participants reported any PrEP use stigma. Three latent classes were observed, reflecting low (46.9%), medium (31.9%), and high (21.2%) reported PrEP use stigma. Disclosure of PrEP use to sexual partner and belief that PrEP prevents HIV were associated with less reported PrEP use stigma. Conversely, participants who reported fear and shame about people living with HIV were more likely to report PrEP use stigma. Our validated tool and findings will enable practitioners to identify AGYW at high risk of PrEP use stigma who may benefit from additional support.Pan African clinical trials registry PACTR202006754762723, 5 April 2020, retrospectively registered.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Prevalence ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1339885-4
    ISSN 1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
    ISSN (online) 1573-3254
    ISSN 1090-7165
    DOI 10.1007/s10461-022-03721-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Synthesis and Homologation of an Azetidin-2-yl Boronic Ester with α-Lithioalkyl Triisopropylbenzoates

    Delany, Pascal K / Hodgson, David M

    Organic letters. 2019 Dec. 04, v. 21, no. 24

    2019  

    Abstract: An α-boryl azetidine, obtained by α-lithiation–borylation of N-Botc azetidine, undergoes reaction ... providing access to either diastereomeric series of homologated boronic esters with very high er’s. ...

    Abstract An α-boryl azetidine, obtained by α-lithiation–borylation of N-Botc azetidine, undergoes reaction with α-triisopropylbenzoyloxy organolithiums to give homologated boronic esters that can be further oxidized, homologated, arylated, and deprotected to give a range of α-substituted azetidines. Scalemic α-boryl azetidine−α-triisopropylbenzoyloxy organolithium pairings show stereospecific reagent control, providing access to either diastereomeric series of homologated boronic esters with very high er’s.
    Keywords chemical structure ; esters ; oxidation ; stereospecificity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1204
    Size p. 9981-9984.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1523-7052
    DOI 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03901
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: High prevalence and incidence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia in young women eligible for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in South Africa and Zimbabwe: results from the HPTN 082 trial.

    Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead / Mgodi, Nyaradzo / Bekker, Linda-Gail / Baeten, Jared M / Li, Chuwen / Donnell, Deborah / Agyei, Yaw / Lennon, Denni / Rose, Scott M / Mokgatle, Marcia / Kassim, Sheetal / Mukaka, Shorai / Adeyeye, Adeola / Celum, Connie

    Sexually transmitted infections

    2023  Volume 99, Issue 7, Page(s) 433–439

    Abstract: Introduction: We investigated the prevalence, incidence and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young African women seeking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).: Methods: HPTN 082 was a prospective, open-label PrEP ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: We investigated the prevalence, incidence and factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young African women seeking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
    Methods: HPTN 082 was a prospective, open-label PrEP study enrolling HIV-negative sexually active women aged 16-25 years in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa, and Harare, Zimbabwe. Endocervical swabs from enrolment, months 6 and 12 were tested for
    Results: Of 451 enrolled participants, 55% had an STI detected at least once. CT incidence was 27.8 per 100 person-years (py) (95% CI 23.1, 33.2), GC incidence was 11.4 per 100 py (95% CI 8.5, 15.0) and TV incidence was 6.7 per 100 py (95% CI 4.5, 9.5). 66% of incident infections were diagnosed in women uninfected at baseline. Baseline cervical infection (GC or CT) risk was highest in Cape Town (relative risk (RR) 2.38, 95% CI 1.35, 4.19) and in those not living with family (RR 1.87, 95% 1.13, 3.08); condom use was protective (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45, 0.99). Incident CT was associated with baseline CT (RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.28, 3.15) and increasing depression score (RR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01, 1.09). Incident GC was higher in Cape Town (RR 2.40; 95% CI 1.18, 4.90) and in participants with high PrEP adherence (TFV-DP concentrations ≥700 fmol/punch) (RR 2.04 95% CI 1.02, 4.08).
    Conclusion: Adolescent girls and young women seeking PrEP have a high prevalence and incidence of curable STIs. Alternatives to syndromic management for diagnosis and treatment are needed to reduce the burden of STIs in this population.
    Trial registration number: NCT02732730.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Gonorrhea/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies ; Prevalence ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology ; Chlamydia trachomatis/genetics ; Trichomonas vaginalis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1420303-0
    ISSN 1472-3263 ; 1368-4973
    ISSN (online) 1472-3263
    ISSN 1368-4973
    DOI 10.1136/sextrans-2022-055696
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Counterfactual estimation of efficacy against placebo for novel PrEP agents using external trial data: example of injectable cabotegravir and oral PrEP in women.

    Donnell, Deborah / Gao, Fei / Hughes, James P / Hanscom, Brett / Corey, Lawrence / Cohen, Myron S / Edupuganti, Srilatha / Mgodi, Nyaradzo / Rees, Helen / Baeten, Jared M / Gray, Glenda / Bekker, Linda-Gail / Hosseinipour, Mina / Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead

    Journal of the International AIDS Society

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) e26118

    Abstract: Introduction: Multiple antiretroviral agents have demonstrated efficacy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). As a result, clinical trials of novel agents have transitioned from placebo- to active-controlled designs; ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Multiple antiretroviral agents have demonstrated efficacy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). As a result, clinical trials of novel agents have transitioned from placebo- to active-controlled designs; however, active-controlled trials do not provide an estimate of efficacy versus no use of PrEP. Counterfactual placebo comparisons using other data sources could be employed to provide this information.
    Methods: We compared the active-controlled study (HPTN 084) of injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) versus daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) among women from seven countries in Africa to three external, contemporaneous randomized HIV prevention trials from which we constructed counterfactual placebo estimates. We used direct standardization via analysis weights to achieve the same distribution of person-years between the external study and HPTN 084, across strata predictive of HIV risk (country and selected risk covariates). We estimated prevention efficacy against a counterfactual placebo to provide information on the use of CAB-LA and FTC/TDF compared to no intervention. We compared the counterfactual placebo findings for FTC/TDF to previous placebo-controlled trials, adjusted for observed adherence to daily pills.
    Results: Distribution of age and baseline prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia were similar among matched counterfactual placebo and observed HPTN 084 arms after standardization. Counterfactual estimates of CAB-LA versus placebo in all three settings showed a consistent risk reduction of 93%-94%, with lower bounds of the confidence intervals above 72%. Observed adherence (quantifiable tenofovir in plasma) in HPTN 084 was 54%-56%, and estimated efficacy of daily oral FTC/TDF against a counterfactual placebo was consistent with a predicted risk reduction of 39%-40% for this level of daily pill use.
    Conclusions: Counterfactual placebo rates of HIV acquisition derived from external trial data in similar locations and time can be used to support estimates of placebo-based efficacy of a novel HIV prevention agent. External trial data must be standardized to be representative of the clinical trial cohort testing the novel HIV prevention agent, accounting for confounders.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Emtricitabine/therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Adenine ; Organophosphonates/therapeutic use ; Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
    Chemical Substances Emtricitabine (G70B4ETF4S) ; Anti-HIV Agents ; cabotegravir (HMH0132Z1Q) ; Adenine (JAC85A2161) ; Organophosphonates ; Deoxycytidine (0W860991D6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2467110-1
    ISSN 1758-2652 ; 1758-2652
    ISSN (online) 1758-2652
    ISSN 1758-2652
    DOI 10.1002/jia2.26118
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Source of nicotinamide governs its metabolic fate in cultured cells, mice, and humans.

    Dutta, Tumpa / Kapoor, Nidhi / Mathew, Meril / Chakraborty, Suban S / Ward, Nathan P / Prieto-Farigua, Nicolas / Falzone, Aimee / DeLany, James P / Smith, Steven R / Coen, Paul M / DeNicola, Gina M / Gardell, Stephen J

    Cell reports

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 3, Page(s) 112218

    Abstract: Metabolic routing of nicotinamide (NAM) to ... ...

    Abstract Metabolic routing of nicotinamide (NAM) to NAD
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; NAD/metabolism ; Niacinamide/pharmacology ; Niacinamide/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Aging ; Cytokines/metabolism
    Chemical Substances NAD (0U46U6E8UK) ; Niacinamide (25X51I8RD4) ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.12) ; Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112218
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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