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  1. Article ; Online: Use of empirical medical therapies for idiopathic male infertility in Australia and New Zealand.

    Catford, Sarah R / Katz, Darren / McLachlan, Robert I

    Clinical endocrinology

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: Idiopathic male infertility is common, yet there is no approved treatment. This study aimed to understand practice patterns towards empirical medical therapy (EMT) for idiopathic male infertility in Australia and New Zealand (NZ).: Design: ...

    Abstract Objective: Idiopathic male infertility is common, yet there is no approved treatment. This study aimed to understand practice patterns towards empirical medical therapy (EMT) for idiopathic male infertility in Australia and New Zealand (NZ).
    Design: Clinical members of the Endocrine Society of Australia, Fertility Society of Australia & NZ, and Urological Society of Australia & NZ were invited to complete a survey. Questions included demographics, EMT practice habits, and thoughts regarding infertility case scenarios. Unadjusted group differences between specialists, those with and without additional training in male infertility, and frequency of managing it were evaluated.
    Results: Overall, 147 of 2340 members participated (6.3%); majority were endocrinologists and gynaecologists. Participants were experienced; 35% had completed additional training in male infertility and 36.2% reported they frequently manage male infertility. Gynaecologists were more likely to manage male infertility and attend education courses than endocrinologists and urologists. Beliefs about the effect of EMT on sperm concentration and pregnancy did not differ between speciality types. Many respondents considered all patient scenarios suitable for EMT. Of medications, hCG and clomiphene were selected most. Two respondents indicated they would use testosterone to treat male infertility.
    Conclusions: This study demonstrates common use of EMT in Australia and NZ for idiopathic male infertility. The breadth of responses reflects a lack of consensus within the current literature, highlighting the need for further research to clarify their role in the management of idiopathic male infertility.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121745-8
    ISSN 1365-2265 ; 0300-0664
    ISSN (online) 1365-2265
    ISSN 0300-0664
    DOI 10.1111/cen.15059
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    Zs.A 814: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article: Bronchoprotective and bronchodilator effects of single doses of (S)-salbutamol, (R)-salbutamol and racemic salbutamol in patients with bronchial asthma.

    Ramsay, C M / Cowan, J / Flannery, E / McLachlan, C / Taylor, D R

    European journal of clinical pharmacology

    1999  Volume 55, Issue 5, Page(s) 353–359

    Abstract: Objectives: The drug salbutamol is used as a 50: 50 racemic mixture of its two enantiomers, (R ... and (S)-salbutamol. Previous studies suggest that the (R)-enantiomer is active, and the (S)-enantiomer ... the protection given against methacholine (MCh) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by (R)-, (S)- and rac ...

    Abstract Objectives: The drug salbutamol is used as a 50: 50 racemic mixture of its two enantiomers, (R)- and (S)-salbutamol. Previous studies suggest that the (R)-enantiomer is active, and the (S)-enantiomer is either inert or may be responsible for adverse effects. The aim of the study was to measure the protection given against methacholine (MCh) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by (R)-, (S)- and rac-salbutamol and their bronchodilator effects.
    Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way cross-over study was performed in subjects with mild to moderate asthma. There were three groups: AMP30 (n = 10), MCh30 (n = 13) and MCh180 (n = 10). The groups received AMP or MCh challenges at either 30 min or 180 min after each of four pretreatments: 100 microg (S)-salbutamol, 100 microg (R)-salbutamol, 200 microg rac-salbutamol or placebo (normal saline), each administered via nebuliser. Spirometry was measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min in the MCh180 group.
    Results: (R)- and rac-salbutamol showed equivalent bronchoprotective effects at 30 min. PC20AMP increased by 3.22 (1.86) and 3.41 (2.15) doubling doses (P < 0.001) and PC20MCh increased by 2.86 (1.09) and 2.75 (0.89) (P < 0.001) respectively. (S)-salbutamol caused no equivalent effect. There was no significant effect at 180 min. No hyper-responsiveness occurred after treatment with (S)-salbutamol. The mean increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 12.4% (6.8%) with (R)- and 12.0%(7.7%) with rac-salbutamol at 90 min. No significant change in FEV1 occurred with (S)-salbutamol.
    Conclusions: These results confirm other recent findings that the bronchoprotective and bronchodilator effects of salbutamol are attributable to its (R)-enantiomer. No adverse effects were noted after single doses of (S)-salbutamol.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Monophosphate/adverse effects ; Adult ; Albuterol/classification ; Albuterol/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Bronchodilator Agents/pharmacology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Methacholine Chloride/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Spirometry ; Stereoisomerism ; Time Factors
    Chemical Substances Bronchodilator Agents ; Methacholine Chloride (0W5ETF9M2K) ; Adenosine Monophosphate (415SHH325A) ; Albuterol (QF8SVZ843E)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 121960-1
    ISSN 1432-1041 ; 0031-6970
    ISSN (online) 1432-1041
    ISSN 0031-6970
    DOI 10.1007/s002280050640
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    Zs.A 672: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article ; Online: Dr. Smartphone, can you support my trauma? An informatics analysis study of App Store apps for trauma- and stressor-related disorders

    Amanda Ting / Craig McLachlan

    PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

    2023  Volume 15366

    Abstract: Background Psychological trauma is prevalent in developed countries, with prevalence rates and treatment needs exceeding health system capacity. As telemedicine and out-of-patient care are promoted, there has been an expansion of digital apps to ... ...

    Abstract Background Psychological trauma is prevalent in developed countries, with prevalence rates and treatment needs exceeding health system capacity. As telemedicine and out-of-patient care are promoted, there has been an expansion of digital apps to compliment therapeutic stages in psychological trauma. To date there are no reviews that have compared these apps and their clinical utility. This study aims to identify the availability of trauma- and stressor-related mhealth apps, assess their functionality, and review their therapeutic abilities. Methodology The authors conducted a systematic search using an iPhone 13 Pro in the Australian IOS App Store to extract trauma- and stressor-related apps that resulted from the search criteria. A cross-adaptation of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the Comprehensive App Evaluation Model (CAEM) were used as a framework to produce the mTrauma App Evaluation Conceptual Model and Informatics Framework. App content descriptors were analysed based on their general characteristics, usability, therapeutic focus, clinical utility, data integration. Following an applicability in concordance with psychological trauma-informed delivery. Results A total of 234 apps resulting from the search strategy were screened, with 81 apps that met the inclusion criteria. The majority of apps were marketed to 4+ to 17+ years of age, categorised as ‘health and fitness’, with the highest target markets observed for adolescents, children, parents, clinicians, and clients. A total of 43 apps (53.1%) contained a trauma-informed specified section, and 37 (45.7%) incorporated a section useful to support trauma-related symptoms. A significant number of apps there was an absence of therapeutic utility (in 32 apps (39.5%)). Most apps were supporting post-traumatic stress disorder-informed, cognitive behavioural therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing. Provision of psychoeducation, courses, guided sessions, trainings, self-reflection/journaling, symptom management and progress tracking ...
    Keywords mHealth ; Mobile applications ; Trauma-informed ; Digital health ; mTrauma ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PeerJ Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
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  4. Article: A hostility scale for form R of the MMPI.

    McLachlan, J F

    Journal of clinical psychology

    1974  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 369–371

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Age Factors ; Aggression ; Alcoholism ; Educational Status ; Female ; Hostility ; Humans ; MMPI ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personality Inventory ; Psychometrics
    Language English
    Publishing date 1974-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219160-x
    ISSN 1097-4679 ; 0021-9762
    ISSN (online) 1097-4679
    ISSN 0021-9762
    DOI 10.1002/1097-4679(197407)30:3<369::aid-jclp2270300345>3.0.co;2-7
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  5. Article ; Online: A mutational analysis of

    Carrin, Ines / Murgia, Irene / McLachlan, Andrew / Kay, Robert R

    Microbiology (Reading, England)

    2021  Volume 142, Issue 4, Page(s) 993–1003

    Abstract: ... We have ... ...

    Abstract We have collected
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1180712-x
    ISSN 1465-2080 ; 1350-0872
    ISSN (online) 1465-2080
    ISSN 1350-0872
    DOI 10.1099/00221287-142-4-993
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  6. Article ; Online: Sea star wasting syndrome reaches the high Antarctic: Two recent outbreaks in McMurdo Sound.

    Moran, Amy L / McLachlan, Rowan H / Thurber, Andrew R

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0282550

    Abstract: Sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) can cause widespread mortality in starfish populations as well as long-lasting changes to benthic community structure and dynamics. SSWS symptoms have been documented in numerous species and locations around the world, ... ...

    Abstract Sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) can cause widespread mortality in starfish populations as well as long-lasting changes to benthic community structure and dynamics. SSWS symptoms have been documented in numerous species and locations around the world, but to date there is only one record of SSWS from the Antarctic and this outbreak was associated with volcanically-driven high temperature anomalies. Here we report outbreaks of SSWS-like symptoms that affected ~30% of individuals of Odontaster validus at two different sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica in 2019 and 2022. Unlike many SSWS events in other parts of the world, these outbreaks were not associated with anomalously warm temperatures. Instead, we suggest they may have been triggered by high nutrient input events on a local scale. Although the exact cause of these outbreaks is not known, these findings are of great concern because of the keystone role of O. validus and the slow recovery rate of Antarctic benthic ecosystems to environmental stressors.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Antarctic Regions ; Starfish ; Wasting Syndrome ; Cachexia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0282550
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  7. Book ; Online: Parametric study of E. coli incidence with reference to the New Zealand freshwater standards and the Manawat\=u-Whanganui region

    Marsland, Stephen R / McLachlan, Robert I / Tuffley, Christopher

    2021  

    Abstract: The New Zealand National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 2020 sets several targets for freshwater quality, six of which are measurements of rivers; others relate to lakes. Each regional council is required to monitor freshwater quality and to ... ...

    Abstract The New Zealand National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management 2020 sets several targets for freshwater quality, six of which are measurements of rivers; others relate to lakes. Each regional council is required to monitor freshwater quality and to respond as prescribed in order to meet the targets. One target of particular public interest is based on four criteria determined from recent E. coli readings, and concerns the health risk of swimming in a river. However, the inherent variability of the data makes it difficult to determine the water quality state and trend reliably, particularly using traditional methods based on percentiles. Therefore, in this study we return to the parametric lognormal model of E. coli distribution, from which the official criteria were developed. We interpret the classification system in terms of the parametric model and show that the parametric model can reduce uncertainty and can incorporate more useful information, especially from very high E. coli readings, and is suitable for censored data. We apply the parametric model for state and trend to 135 sites in the Manawat\=u-Whanganui region.
    Keywords Statistics - Applications ; Physics - Data Analysis ; Statistics and Probability ; 62P12
    Subject code 910
    Publishing date 2021-10-04
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
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  8. Article ; Online: Electrochemical behaviour of uranium at a tripolyphosphate modified ITO electrode.

    Hou, Xiangyang / McLachlan, Jeffrey R / Dares, Christopher J

    Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

    2021  Volume 57, Issue 83, Page(s) 10891–10894

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract UO
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1472881-3
    ISSN 1364-548X ; 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
    ISSN (online) 1364-548X
    ISSN 1359-7345 ; 0009-241X
    DOI 10.1039/d1cc03877j
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  9. Article ; Online: An evaluation of the quality of Annona muricata leaf products.

    Jocelin Chan, Wai-Jo / Harnett, Joanna E / Meroni, Alexandra / McLachlan, Andrew J / Hanrahan, Jane R

    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

    2023  Volume 75, Issue 10, Page(s) 1357–1365

    Abstract: Objectives: Annona muricata, also known as graviola, is traditionally used for the treatment of a range of disorders including cancer. Interest in A. muricata use has increased in recent years. This study investigated the quality and safety of a ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Annona muricata, also known as graviola, is traditionally used for the treatment of a range of disorders including cancer. Interest in A. muricata use has increased in recent years. This study investigated the quality and safety of a selection of commercially available A. muricata leaf products.
    Methods: Seven commercially available products were purchased via online shopping sites. Each product was assessed for quality indicators including weight variation, quantification of the bioactive constituent annonacin, presence of annonaceous acetogenins and contaminants. The samples were evaluated by thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, low-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Microbial analysis was carried out in accordance with the British Pharmacopoeia. Heavy metals were analysed by inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
    Key findings: Of the seven products analysed, one product contained less than half of the content stated on the label. The labelled dosage recommendation varied between products. There was a high variation in annonacin concentration (1.05-3.09 mg/g) and the presence of annonaceous acetogenins. One of the products was found to have a total aerobic microbial count above the United States Pharmacopoeia limit.
    Conclusions: The variation in the indicators of quality and safety of commercially available A. muricata leaf products tested have implications for clinicians and people living with cancer who use these herbal products.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Acetogenins/analysis ; Acetogenins/chemistry ; Annona/chemistry ; Neoplasms ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/analysis
    Chemical Substances annonacin (40372ET6TM) ; Acetogenins ; Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3107-0
    ISSN 2042-7158 ; 0022-3573 ; 0373-1022
    ISSN (online) 2042-7158
    ISSN 0022-3573 ; 0373-1022
    DOI 10.1093/jpp/rgad066
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    Uf I Zs.149: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: What is the most effective and safest Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for treating osteoarthritis in patients with comorbidities?

    Geczy, Quentin E / Thirumaran, Aricia J / Carroll, Peter R / McLachlan, Andrew J / Hunter, David J

    Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 10, Page(s) 681–695

    Abstract: Introduction: Understanding what the most effective and safe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is for managing osteoarthritis (OA) is complicated. OA is prevalent worldwide and people living with OA commonly have multiple comorbidities. The ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Understanding what the most effective and safe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is for managing osteoarthritis (OA) is complicated. OA is prevalent worldwide and people living with OA commonly have multiple comorbidities. The efficacy and safety of NSAIDs in a patient are influenced by their intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Current guidelines recommend the lowest dose for the shortest duration, monitoring patients for risk factors and comorbidities but generally do not specify, which NSAID is most suitable for a patient with specific comorbidities.
    Areas covered: This paper looks at the mechanism of action of all NSAIDs and reviews the current literature concerning their safety in patients with and without comorbidities. Relevant publications were identified by searching PubMed and Cochrane Library using key terms. The search was conducted from inception to 18 July 2023 and included results published before 18 July 2023. The search results and their references were then manually reviewed.
    Expert opinion: In the paper, we determine whether the current practice of 'lowest dose for shortest duration' is in fact the best approach for prescribing NSAIDs and identify which NSAIDs are most suitable given a patient's risk factors and comorbidities. Our aim is to help guide health professionals in recommending the most suitable NSAID for each patient.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy ; Osteoarthritis/chemically induced ; Comorbidity ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2214462-6
    ISSN 1744-7607 ; 1742-5255
    ISSN (online) 1744-7607
    ISSN 1742-5255
    DOI 10.1080/17425255.2023.2267424
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