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Article ; Online: The response of salivary proinflammatory biomarkers to tooth extraction in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus.

Al Shehhi, Yousuf Ibrahim / Elemam, Noha M / Alsaegh, Mohammed Amjed

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 250

Abstract: Purpose: This study investigated the levels of salivary proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients living with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those in healthy individuals three times: before tooth extraction and at 2 hours and 2 ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: This study investigated the levels of salivary proinflammatory cytokines in the saliva of patients living with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to those in healthy individuals three times: before tooth extraction and at 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. Methods: The study included 27 participants. Among them, 20 (n = 20; 74%) had type II DM, and seven (n = 7; 26%) were healthy control subjects. Saliva samples were collected at three time intervals: before tooth extraction and 2 hours and 2 days after tooth extraction. The salivary biomarkers were investigated using a Luminex multiplex assay. These salivary biomarkers included tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Results: At baseline, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β (P = 0.016). Moreover, 2 hours after extraction, patients with type II DM had significantly lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α than did healthy control subjects (P = 0.046 and P = 0.020, respectively). In addition, 2 days after tooth extraction, the DM group had significantly greater IL-6 levels (P = 0.010) than the control group. Conclusions: In patients with type II DM, salivary proinflammatory biomarker levels are generally comparable or lower than those in healthy control subjects. Proinflammatory cytokines manifest differently in patients with type II DM after tooth extraction than in normal healthy individuals. There is generally a delayed early response of salivary proinflammatory markers in patients living with type II DM who undergo tooth extraction.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Cytokines ; Biomarkers ; Tooth Extraction
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-6 ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Cytokines ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2091511-1
ISSN	1472-6831 ; 1472-6831
ISSN (online)	1472-6831
ISSN	1472-6831
DOI	10.1186/s12903-024-04006-1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: MIAT

Zeinelabdeen, Yousra / Abaza, Tasneem / Yasser, Montaser Bellah / Elemam, Noha M / Youness, Rana A

Non-coding RNA research

2024 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 447–462

Abstract: The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has unveiled a wide range of transcripts that do not encode proteins but play key roles in several cellular and molecular processes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are specific class of ncRNAs that are longer than ...

Abstract	The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has unveiled a wide range of transcripts that do not encode proteins but play key roles in several cellular and molecular processes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are specific class of ncRNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides and have gained significant attention due to their diverse mechanisms of action and potential involvement in various pathological conditions. In the current review, the authors focus on the role of lncRNAs, specifically highlighting the Myocardial Infarction Associated Transcript (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2468-0540
ISSN (online)	2468-0540
DOI	10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.011
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Article ; Online: Pharmacogenomic and epigenomic approaches to untangle the enigma of IL-10 blockade in oncology.

Elemam, Noha M / Mekky, Radwa Y / Rashid, Gowhar / Braoudaki, Maria / Youness, Rana A

Expert reviews in molecular medicine

2024 Volume 26, Page(s) e1

Abstract: The host immune system status remains an unresolved mystery among several malignancies. An immune-compromised state or smart immune-surveillance tactics orchestrated by cancer cells are the primary cause of cancer invasion and metastasis. Taking a closer ...

Abstract	The host immune system status remains an unresolved mystery among several malignancies. An immune-compromised state or smart immune-surveillance tactics orchestrated by cancer cells are the primary cause of cancer invasion and metastasis. Taking a closer look at the tumour-immune microenvironment, a complex network and crosstalk between infiltrating immune cells and cancer cells mediated by cytokines, chemokines, exosomal mediators and shed ligands are present. Cytokines such as interleukins can influence all components of the tumour microenvironment (TME), consequently promoting or suppressing tumour invasion based on their secreting source. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an interlocked cytokine that has been associated with several types of malignancies and proved to have paradoxical effects. IL-10 has multiple functions on cellular and non-cellular components within the TME. In this review, the authors shed the light on the regulatory role of IL-10 in the TME of several malignant contexts. Moreover, detailed epigenomic and pharmacogenomic approaches for the regulation of IL-10 were presented and discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Interleukin-10/genetics ; Epigenomics ; Pharmacogenetics ; Cytokines ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1462-3994
ISSN (online)	1462-3994
DOI	10.1017/erm.2023.26
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Article ; Online: Ozone Therapy in Medicine and Dentistry: A Review of the Literature.

El Meligy, Omar A / Elemam, Noha M / Talaat, Iman M

Dentistry journal

2023 Volume 11, Issue 8

Abstract: Ozone has been successfully used in medicine for over 100 years due to its microbiological qualities. Its powerful oxidation impact, which results in the production of free radicals, and its ability to cause the direct death of nearly all microorganisms ... ...

Abstract	Ozone has been successfully used in medicine for over 100 years due to its microbiological qualities. Its powerful oxidation impact, which results in the production of free radicals, and its ability to cause the direct death of nearly all microorganisms is the basis for its bactericide, virucide, and fungicide properties. Ozone also has a medicinal impact that speeds up blood flow and aids wound healing. Ozone may be applied as a gas or dissolved in water for medical purposes. Despite the benefits of using ozone therapeutically, concerns about its use in dentistry still exist. We aimed to provide a summary of the current uses of ozone in medicine and dentistry. An electronic search was performed for all English scientific papers published between 2012 and 2023 using PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar search engines. Ozone, clinical applications, medicine, and dentistry were the search terms used. Seventy full-text articles describing the use of ozone therapy in medicine and dentistry were included in the present review. Ozone has shown several beneficial effects in the medical field. However, despite the encouraging in vitro evidence, the clinical use of ozone in dentistry has not yet been demonstrated as highly effective.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2681351-8
ISSN	2304-6767 ; 2304-6767
ISSN (online)	2304-6767
ISSN	2304-6767
DOI	10.3390/dj11080187
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Article ; Online: Complement System: An Immunotherapy Target in Colorectal Cancer.

Talaat, Iman M / Elemam, Noha Mousaad / Saber-Ayad, Maha

Frontiers in immunology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 810993

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor and the second most fatal cancer worldwide. Several parts of the immune system contribute to fighting cancer including the innate complement system. The complement system is composed of ... ...

Abstract	Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor and the second most fatal cancer worldwide. Several parts of the immune system contribute to fighting cancer including the innate complement system. The complement system is composed of several players, namely component molecules, regulators and receptors. In this review, we discuss the complement system activation in cancer specifically CRC and highlight the possible interactions between the complement system and the various TME components. Additionally, the role of the complement system in tumor immunity of CRC is reviewed. Hence, such work could provide a framework for researchers to further understand the role of the complement system in CRC and explore the potential therapies targeting complement activation in solid tumors such as CRC.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Colorectal Neoplasms/immunology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy ; Complement Activation ; Complement System Proteins/physiology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods
Chemical Substances	Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2022.810993
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Article: Checkpoint molecules on infiltrating immune cells in colorectal tumor microenvironment.

Talaat, Iman M / Elemam, Noha M / Zaher, Shroque / Saber-Ayad, Maha

Frontiers in medicine

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 955599

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, with a high mortality rate due to metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains multiple interactions between the tumor and the host, thus determining CRC initiation and ...

Abstract	Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide, with a high mortality rate due to metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contains multiple interactions between the tumor and the host, thus determining CRC initiation and progression. Various immune cells exist within the TME, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). The immunotherapy approach provides novel opportunities to treat solid tumors, especially toward immune checkpoints. Despite the advances in the immunotherapy of CRC, there are still obstacles to successful treatment. In this review, we highlighted the role of these immune cells in CRC, with a particular emphasis on immune checkpoint molecules involved in CRC pathogenesis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2775999-4
ISSN	2296-858X
ISSN	2296-858X
DOI	10.3389/fmed.2022.955599
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Article: Liver Injury Associated with COVID-19 Infection: Pathogenesis, Histopathology, Prognosis, and Treatment.

Elemam, Noha Mousaad / Talaat, Iman M / Maghazachi, Azzam A / Saber-Ayad, Maha

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 5

Abstract: Liver injury occurs frequently as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Direct infection of the liver leads to hepatic impairment with elevated transaminases. In addition, severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine release syndrome, which may initiate ...

Abstract	Liver injury occurs frequently as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Direct infection of the liver leads to hepatic impairment with elevated transaminases. In addition, severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine release syndrome, which may initiate or exacerbate liver injury. In patients with cirrhosis, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is one of the world's regions characterized by a high prevalence of chronic liver diseases. Both parenchymal and vascular types of injury contribute to liver failure in COVID-19, with a myriad of pro-inflammatory cytokines playing a major role in perpetuating liver injury. Additionally, hypoxia and coagulopathy complicate such a condition. This review discusses the risk factors, and the underlying causes of impaired liver functions in COVID-19, with a focus on key players in the pathogenesis of liver injury. It also highlights the histopathological changes encountered in postmortem liver tissues as well as potential predictors and prognostic factors of such injury, in addition to the management strategies to ameliorate liver damage.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12052067
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Article ; Online: Are embryonic stem cell markers and ALDH1A1 relevant in the context of breast cancer estrogen positivity?

Mousa, Noha A / Hussein, Amal / Elemam, Noha M / Mohammed, Ghada / Elwany, Mona / Basha, Tasneem / AlHammadi, Amal A / Majzob, Rana S / Talaat, Iman M

Cancer medicine

2024 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) e7004

Abstract: Background: Embryonic pluripotency markers are recognized for their role in ER- BC aggressiveness, but their significance in ER+ BC remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of expression of pluripotency markers in ER+ BC and their ... ...

Abstract	Background: Embryonic pluripotency markers are recognized for their role in ER- BC aggressiveness, but their significance in ER+ BC remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of expression of pluripotency markers in ER+ BC and their effect on survival and prognostic indicators. Methods: We analyzed data of ER+ BC patients from three large cancer datasets to assess the expression of three pluripotency markers (NANOG, SOX-2, and OCT4), and the stem cell marker ALDH1A1. Additionally, we investigated associations between gene expression, through mRNA-Seq analysis, and overall survival (OS). The prevalence of mutational variants within these genes was explored. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we examined the expression and associations with clinicopathologic prognostic indicators of the four markers in 81 ER+ BC patients. Results: Through computational analysis, NANOG and ALDH1A1 genes were significantly upregulated in ER+ BC compared to ER- BC patients (p < 0.001), while POU5F1 (OCT4) was downregulated (p < 0.001). NANOG showed an adverse impact on OS whereas ALDH1A1 was associated with a highly significant improved survival in ER+ BC (p = 4.7e-6), except for the PR- and HER2+ subgroups. Copy number alterations (CNAs) ranged from 0.4% to 1.6% in these genes, with the highest rate detected in SOX2. In the IHC study, approximately one-third of tumors showed moderate to strong expression of each of the four markers, with 2-4 markers strongly co-expressed in 56.8% of cases. OCT-4 and ALDH1A1 showed a significant association with a high KI-67 index (p = 0.009 and 0.008, respectively), while SOX2 showed a significant association with perinodal fat invasion (p = 0.017). Conclusion: Pluripotency markers and ALDH1A1 are substantially expressed in ER+ BC tumors with different, yet significant, associations with prognostic and survival outcomes. This study suggests these markers as targets for prospective clinical validation studies of their prognostic value and their possible therapeutic roles.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Prognosis ; Estrogens ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family ; Retinal Dehydrogenase/genetics
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Estrogens ; ALDH1A1 protein, human (EC 1.2.1.36) ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family (EC 1.2.1) ; Retinal Dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.36)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2659751-2
ISSN	2045-7634 ; 2045-7634
ISSN (online)	2045-7634
ISSN	2045-7634
DOI	10.1002/cam4.7004
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Article: Editorial: Epigenetic and metabolic regulators of breast carcinogenesis.

Talaat, Iman Mamdouh / Saber-Ayad, Maha / Busch, Hauke / Elemam, Noha Mousaad

Frontiers in oncology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1383043

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2024.1383043
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Article ; Online: Liver Injury Associated with COVID-19 Infection

Noha Mousaad Elemam / Iman M. Talaat / Azzam A. Maghazachi / Maha Saber-Ayad

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 2067, p

Pathogenesis, Histopathology, Prognosis, and Treatment

2023 Volume 2067

Abstract	Liver injury occurs frequently as a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Direct infection of the liver leads to hepatic impairment with elevated transaminases. In addition, severe COVID-19 is characterized by cytokine release syndrome, which may initiate or exacerbate liver injury. In patients with cirrhosis, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is one of the world’s regions characterized by a high prevalence of chronic liver diseases. Both parenchymal and vascular types of injury contribute to liver failure in COVID-19, with a myriad of pro-inflammatory cytokines playing a major role in perpetuating liver injury. Additionally, hypoxia and coagulopathy complicate such a condition. This review discusses the risk factors, and the underlying causes of impaired liver functions in COVID-19, with a focus on key players in the pathogenesis of liver injury. It also highlights the histopathological changes encountered in postmortem liver tissues as well as potential predictors and prognostic factors of such injury, in addition to the management strategies to ameliorate liver damage.
Keywords	NAFLD ; HCV ; HBV ; COVID-19 ; cytokine storm ; drug-induced liver injury ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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