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Article ; Online: Duration of Untreated Psychosis and Outcomes in First-Episode Psychosis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Early Detection and Intervention Strategies.

Salazar de Pablo, Gonzalo / Guinart, Daniel / Armendariz, Alvaro / Aymerich, Claudia / Catalan, Ana / Alameda, Luis / Rogdaki, Maria / Martinez Baringo, Estrella / Soler-Vidal, Joan / Oliver, Dominic / Rubio, Jose M / Arango, Celso / Kane, John M / Fusar-Poli, Paolo / Correll, Christoph U

Schizophrenia bulletin

2024

Abstract: Background: The role of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) as an early detection and intervention target to improve outcomes for individuals with first-episode psychosis is unknown.: Study design: PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review to ... ...

Abstract	Background: The role of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) as an early detection and intervention target to improve outcomes for individuals with first-episode psychosis is unknown. Study design: PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review to identify studies until February 1, 2023, with an intervention and a control group, reporting DUP in both groups. Random effects meta-analysis to evaluate (1) differences in DUP in early detection/intervention services vs the control group, (2) the efficacy of early detection strategies regarding eight real-world outcomes at baseline (service entry), and (3) the efficacy of early intervention strategies on ten real-world outcomes at follow-up. We conducted quality assessment, heterogeneity, publication bias, and meta-regression analyses (PROSPERO: CRD42020163640). Study results: From 6229 citations, 33 intervention studies were retrieved. The intervention group achieved a small DUP reduction (Hedges' g = 0.168, 95% CI = 0.055-0.283) vs the control group. The early detection group had better functioning levels (g = 0.281, 95% CI = 0.073-0.488) at baseline. Both groups did not differ regarding total psychopathology, admission rates, quality of life, positive/negative/depressive symptoms, and employment rates (P > .05). Early interventions improved quality of life (g = 0.600, 95% CI = 0.408-0.791), employment rates (g = 0.427, 95% CI = 0.135-0.718), negative symptoms (g = 0.417, 95% CI = 0.153-0.682), relapse rates (g = 0.364, 95% CI = 0.117-0.612), admissions rates (g = 0.335, 95% CI = 0.198-0.468), total psychopathology (g = 0.298, 95% CI = 0.014-0.582), depressive symptoms (g = 0.268, 95% CI = 0.008-0.528), and functioning (g = 0.180, 95% CI = 0.065-0.295) at follow-up but not positive symptoms or remission (P > .05). Conclusions: Comparing interventions targeting DUP and control groups, the impact of early detection strategies on DUP and other correlates is limited. However, the impact of early intervention was significant regarding relevant outcomes, underscoring the importance of supporting early intervention services worldwide.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	439173-1
ISSN	1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
ISSN (online)	1745-1701
ISSN	0586-7614
DOI	10.1093/schbul/sbae017
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Article ; Online: Comparative outcomes of direct-acting antiviral treatment in patients with HIV-Hepatitis C co-infection: insights from a single center experience in Colombia.

Vergara-Samur, Hernán / Martínez-Vernaza, Samuel / De la Hoz, Alejandro / Barahona-Correa, Julián / Ortiz, Juan Pablo / Gualtero-Trujillo, Sandra / Rumbo-Romero, José / Salazar, Luis Miguel / Suárez Quintero, Yanette / Valderrama-Beltrán, Sandra

Le infezioni in medicina

2023 Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 374–383

Abstract: Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) were introduced to Latin America with the aim of eliminating hepatitis C (HCV) in the region. There are scarce data on the outcomes of people living with HIV and HCV treated with these medications in Colombia. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) were introduced to Latin America with the aim of eliminating hepatitis C (HCV) in the region. There are scarce data on the outcomes of people living with HIV and HCV treated with these medications in Colombia. This study compares the outcomes of patients with HIV-HCV co-infection and HCV mono-infection treated with DAAs. Methods: Retrospective observational study including patients ≥18 years old with HCV infection treated with DAAs from August 2017 to December 2019 in a comprehensive center in Colombia. The main outcome was sustained virologic response (SVR). Secondary outcomes included reinfection, relapse and adverse events. Results: We included 223 individuals with HCV treated with DAAs; 142 (63.6%) individuals were mono-infected and 81 (36.3%) co-infected. Genotypes 1b (49.7%) and 4 (33.9%) were the most common. Overall SVR after DAA treatment was 96.8%. Relapse rate was 2.24%, reinfection rate was 6.28% and adverse events occurred in 27.8% of cases. SVR was comparable in patients with co- and mono-infection (95% vs 97.8%, p=0.245). Conclusion: DAA were effective in mono-infected (HCV) and co-infected (HCV/HIV) patients and reinfection was high in this last group.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041081-5
ISSN	2532-8689 ; 1124-9390
ISSN (online)	2532-8689
ISSN	1124-9390
DOI	10.53854/liim-3103-11
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Article ; Online: What is the duration of untreated psychosis worldwide? - A meta-analysis of pooled mean and median time and regional trends and other correlates across 369 studies.

Salazar de Pablo, Gonzalo / Aymerich, Claudia / Guinart, Daniel / Catalan, Ana / Alameda, Luis / Trotta, Giulia / Armendariz, Alvaro / Martinez Baringo, Estrella / Soler-Vidal, Joan / Rubio, Jose M / Garrido-Torres, Nathalia / Gómez-Vallejo, Sandra / Kane, John M / Howes, Oliver / Fusar-Poli, Paolo / Correll, Christoph U

Psychological medicine

2023 Volume 54, Issue 4, Page(s) 652–662

Abstract: Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been associated with poor mental health outcomes. We aimed to meta-analytically estimate the mean and median DUP worldwide, evaluating also the influence of several moderating factors. This PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant ...

Abstract	Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been associated with poor mental health outcomes. We aimed to meta-analytically estimate the mean and median DUP worldwide, evaluating also the influence of several moderating factors. This PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis searched for non-overlapping individual studies from inception until 9/12/2022, reporting mean ± s.d. or median DUP in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP), without language restrictions. We conducted random-effect meta-analyses, stratified analyses, heterogeneity analyses, meta-regression analyses, and quality assessment (PROSPERO:CRD42020163640). From 12 461 citations, 369 studies were included. The mean DUP was 42.6 weeks (95% confidence interval (CI) 40.6-44.6,
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy ; Psychotic Disorders/complications ; Income ; Time Factors ; Regression Analysis ; Mental Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	217420-0
ISSN	1469-8978 ; 0033-2917
ISSN (online)	1469-8978
ISSN	0033-2917
DOI	10.1017/S0033291723003458
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Article ; Online: High coverage COVID-19 mRNA vaccination rapidly controls SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Long-Term Care Facilities

Martinez de Salazar, Pablo / Link, Nicholas / Lamarca, Karuna / Santillana, Mauricio

medRxiv

Abstract: Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) represent a major share of COVID-19 deaths worldwide. Information on vaccine effectiveness in these settings is essential to improve mitigation strategies, but evidence remains limited. To evaluate the early ...

Abstract	Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) represent a major share of COVID-19 deaths worldwide. Information on vaccine effectiveness in these settings is essential to improve mitigation strategies, but evidence remains limited. To evaluate the early effect of the administration of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines in LTCFs, we monitored subsequent SARS-CoV-2 documented infections and deaths in Catalonia, a region of Spain, and compared them to counterfactual model predictions from February 6th to March 28th, 2021, the subsequent time period after which 70% of residents were fully vaccinated. We calculated the reduction in SARS-CoV-2 documented infections and deaths as well as the detected county-level transmission. We estimated that once more than 70% of the LTCFs population were fully vaccinated, 74% (58%-81%, 90% CI) of COVID-19 deaths and 75% (36%-86%) of all documented infections were prevented. Further, detectable transmission was reduced up to 90% (76-93% 90%CI). Our findings provide evidence that high-coverage vaccination is the most effective intervention to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission and death. Widespread vaccination could be a feasible avenue to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-13
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.04.08.21255108
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Lockdowns result in changes in human mobility which may impact the epidemiologic dynamics of SARS-CoV-2.

Kishore, Nishant / Kahn, Rebecca / Martinez, Pamela P / De Salazar, Pablo M / Mahmud, Ayesha S / Buckee, Caroline O

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 6995

Abstract: In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, unprecedented travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders were enacted around the world. Ultimately, the public's response to announcements of lockdowns-defined as restrictions on both local movement or long ... ...

Abstract	In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, unprecedented travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders were enacted around the world. Ultimately, the public's response to announcements of lockdowns-defined as restrictions on both local movement or long distance travel-will determine how effective these kinds of interventions are. Here, we evaluate the effects of lockdowns on human mobility and simulate how these changes may affect epidemic spread by analyzing aggregated mobility data from mobile phones. We show that in 2020 following lockdown announcements but prior to their implementation, both local and long distance movement increased in multiple locations, and urban-to-rural migration was observed around the world. To examine how these behavioral responses to lockdown policies may contribute to epidemic spread, we developed a simple agent-based spatial model. Our model shows that this increased movement has the potential to increase seeding of the epidemic in less urban areas, which could undermine the goal of the lockdown in preventing disease spread. Lockdowns play a key role in reducing contacts and controlling outbreaks, but appropriate messaging surrounding their announcement and careful evaluation of changes in mobility are needed to mitigate the possible unintended consequences.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/virology ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Movement ; Pandemics ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Travel
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-86297-w
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Article ; Online: Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions.

De Salazar, Pablo Martinez / Niehus, René / Taylor, Aimee / Buckee, Caroline O'Flaherty / Lipsitch, Marc

Emerging infectious diseases

2020 Volume 26, Issue 7, Page(s) 1465–1469

Abstract: Cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection exported from mainland China could lead to self-sustained outbreaks in other countries. By February 2020, several countries were reporting imported SARS-CoV-2 cases. To ... ...

Abstract	Cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection exported from mainland China could lead to self-sustained outbreaks in other countries. By February 2020, several countries were reporting imported SARS-CoV-2 cases. To contain the virus, early detection of imported SARS-CoV-2 cases is critical. We used air travel volume estimates from Wuhan, China, to international destinations and a generalized linear regression model to identify locations that could have undetected imported cases. Our model can be adjusted to account for exportation of cases from other locations as the virus spreads and more information on importations and transmission becomes available. Early detection and appropriate control measures can reduce the risk for transmission in all locations.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Travel
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2607.200250
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Article: Serological Test to Determine Exposure to SARS-CoV-2: ELISA Based on the Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Protein (S-RBD

Márquez-Ipiña, Alan Roberto / González-González, Everardo / Rodríguez-Sánchez, Iram Pablo / Lara-Mayorga, Itzel Montserrat / Mejía-Manzano, Luis Alberto / Sánchez-Salazar, Mónica Gabriela / González-Valdez, José Guillermo / Ortiz-López, Rocio / Rojas-Martínez, Augusto / Trujillo-de Santiago, Grissel / Alvarez, Mario Moisés

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Massive worldwide serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 is needed to determine the extent of virus exposure in a particular region, the ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic infected persons, and the duration and extent of immunity after infection. To ... ...

Abstract	Massive worldwide serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 is needed to determine the extent of virus exposure in a particular region, the ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic infected persons, and the duration and extent of immunity after infection. To achieve this, the development and production of reliable and cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 antigens is critical. We report the bacterial production of the peptide S-RBD
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics11020271
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Article ; Online: Near real-time surveillance of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic with incomplete data.

De Salazar, Pablo M / Lu, Fred / Hay, James A / Gómez-Barroso, Diana / Fernández-Navarro, Pablo / Martínez, Elena V / Astray-Mochales, Jenaro / Amillategui, Rocío / García-Fulgueiras, Ana / Chirlaque, Maria D / Sánchez-Migallón, Alonso / Larrauri, Amparo / Sierra, María J / Lipsitch, Marc / Simón, Fernando / Santillana, Mauricio / Hernán, Miguel A

PLoS computational biology

2022 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e1009964

Abstract: When responding to infectious disease outbreaks, rapid and accurate estimation of the epidemic trajectory is critical. However, two common data collection problems affect the reliability of the epidemiological data in real time: missing information on ... ...

Abstract	When responding to infectious disease outbreaks, rapid and accurate estimation of the epidemic trajectory is critical. However, two common data collection problems affect the reliability of the epidemiological data in real time: missing information on the time of first symptoms, and retrospective revision of historical information, including right censoring. Here, we propose an approach to construct epidemic curves in near real time that addresses these two challenges by 1) imputation of dates of symptom onset for reported cases using a dynamically-estimated "backward" reporting delay conditional distribution, and 2) adjustment for right censoring using the NobBS software package to nowcast cases by date of symptom onset. This process allows us to obtain an approximation of the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) in real time. We apply this approach to characterize the early SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in two Spanish regions between March and April 2020. We evaluate how these real-time estimates compare with more complete epidemiological data that became available later. We explore the impact of the different assumptions on the estimates, and compare our estimates with those obtained from commonly used surveillance approaches. Our framework can help improve accuracy, quantify uncertainty, and evaluate frequently unstated assumptions when recovering the epidemic curves from limited data obtained from public health systems in other locations.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009964
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Article ; Online: Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions

Pablo Martinez De Salazar / René Niehus / Aimee Taylor / Caroline O’Flaherty Buckee / Marc Lipsitch

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 26, Iss 7, Pp 1465-

2020 Volume 1469

Abstract	Cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection exported from mainland China could lead to self-sustained outbreaks in other countries. By February 2020, several countries were reporting imported SARS-CoV-2 cases. To contain the virus, early detection of imported SARS-CoV-2 cases is critical. We used air travel volume estimates from Wuhan, China, to international destinations and a generalized linear regression model to identify locations that could have undetected imported cases. Our model can be adjusted to account for exportation of cases from other locations as the virus spreads and more information on importations and transmission becomes available. Early detection and appropriate control measures can reduce the risk for transmission in all locations.
Keywords	outbreak ; coronavirus ; respiratory diseases ; COVID-19 ; travelers health ; pneumonia ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Efficiency of Machine Learning Algorithms for the Determination of Macrovesicular Steatosis in Frozen Sections Stained with Sudan to Evaluate the Quality of the Graft in Liver Transplantation.

Pérez-Sanz, Fernando / Riquelme-Pérez, Miriam / Martínez-Barba, Enrique / de la Peña-Moral, Jesús / Salazar Nicolás, Alejandro / Carpes-Ruiz, Marina / Esteban-Gil, Angel / Legaz-García, María Del Carmen / Parreño-González, María Antonia / Ramírez, Pablo / Martínez, Carlos M

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 21, Issue 6

Abstract: Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment option in patients diagnosed with end-stage liver disease. The low availability of organs demands an accurate selection procedure based on histological analysis, in order to evaluate the allograft. ... ...

Abstract	Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment option in patients diagnosed with end-stage liver disease. The low availability of organs demands an accurate selection procedure based on histological analysis, in order to evaluate the allograft. This assessment, traditionally carried out by a pathologist, is not exempt from subjectivity. In this sense, new tools based on machine learning and artificial vision are continuously being developed for the analysis of medical images of different typologies. Accordingly, in this work, we develop a computer vision-based application for the fast and automatic objective quantification of macrovesicular steatosis in histopathological liver section slides stained with Sudan stain. For this purpose, digital microscopy images were used to obtain thousands of feature vectors based on the RGB and CIE Lab* pixel values. These vectors, under a supervised process, were labelled as fat vacuole or non-fat vacuole, and a set of classifiers based on different algorithms were trained, accordingly. The results obtained showed an overall high accuracy for all classifiers (>0.99) with a sensitivity between 0.844 and 1, together with a specificity >0.99. In relation to their speed when classifying images, KNN and Naïve Bayes were substantially faster than other classification algorithms. Sudan stain is a convenient technique for evaluating ME in pre-transplant liver biopsies, providing reliable contrast and facilitating fast and accurate quantification through the machine learning algorithms tested.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Bayes Theorem ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Machine Learning ; Sudan
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s21061993
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