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  1. Article ; Online: Biofilm Maintenance as an Active Process: Evidence that Biofilms Work Hard to Stay Put.

    Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan / O'Toole, G A

    Journal of bacteriology

    2022  Volume 204, Issue 4, Page(s) e0058721

    Abstract: Biofilm formation represents a critical strategy whereby bacteria can tolerate otherwise damaging environmental stressors and antimicrobial insults. While the mechanisms bacteria use to establish a biofilm and disperse from these communities have been ... ...

    Abstract Biofilm formation represents a critical strategy whereby bacteria can tolerate otherwise damaging environmental stressors and antimicrobial insults. While the mechanisms bacteria use to establish a biofilm and disperse from these communities have been well-studied, we have only a limited understanding of the mechanisms required to maintain these multicellular communities. Indeed, until relatively recently, it was not clear that maintaining a mature biofilm could be considered an active, regulated process with dedicated machinery. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model system, we review evidence from recent studies that support the model that maintenance of these persistent, surface-attached communities is indeed an active process. Biofilm maintenance mechanisms include transcriptional regulation and second messenger signaling (including the production of extracellular polymeric substances). We also discuss energy-conserving pathways that play a key role in the maintenance of these communities. We hope to highlight the need for further investigation to uncover novel biofilm maintenance pathways and suggest the possibility that such pathways can serve as novel antibiofilm targets.
    MeSH term(s) Biofilms ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Cyclic GMP (H2D2X058MU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2968-3
    ISSN 1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
    ISSN (online) 1098-5530
    ISSN 0021-9193
    DOI 10.1128/jb.00587-21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Diguanylate Cyclase YfiN of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Regulates Biofilm Maintenance in Response to Peroxide.

    Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan / Koval, Sophia A / Barrack, Kaitlyn E / O'Toole, George A

    Journal of bacteriology

    2021  Volume 204, Issue 1, Page(s) e0039621

    Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms surface-attached communities that persist in the face of antimicrobial agents and environmental perturbation. Published work has found that extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, regulation of motility, and induction ... ...

    Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa forms surface-attached communities that persist in the face of antimicrobial agents and environmental perturbation. Published work has found that extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, regulation of motility, and induction of stress response pathways contribute to biofilm tolerance during such insults. However, little is known regarding the mechanism(s) whereby biofilm maintenance is regulated when exposed to such environmental challenges. Here, we provide evidence that the diguanylate cyclase YfiN is important for the regulation of biofilm maintenance when exposed to peroxide. We find that compared to the wild type (WT), static biofilms of the Δ
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Mutation ; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases/genetics ; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases/metabolism ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V) ; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases (EC 4.6.-) ; diguanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2968-3
    ISSN 1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
    ISSN (online) 1098-5530
    ISSN 0021-9193
    DOI 10.1128/JB.00396-21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Differential Surface Competition and Biofilm Invasion Strategies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and PAO1.

    Kasetty, Swetha / Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan / O'Toole, George A / Nadell, Carey D

    Journal of bacteriology

    2021  Volume 203, Issue 22, Page(s) e0026521

    Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PA14 and PAO1 are among the two best-characterized model organisms used to study the mechanisms of biofilm formation while also representing two distinct lineages of P. aeruginosa. Previous work has shown that PA14 and PAO1 ...

    Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PA14 and PAO1 are among the two best-characterized model organisms used to study the mechanisms of biofilm formation while also representing two distinct lineages of P. aeruginosa. Previous work has shown that PA14 and PAO1 use different strategies for surface colonization; they also have different extracellular matrix composition and different propensities to disperse from biofilms back into the planktonic phase surrounding them. We expand on this work here by exploring the consequences of these different biofilm production strategies during direct competition. Using differentially labeled strains and microfluidic culture methods, we show that PAO1 can outcompete PA14 in direct competition during early colonization and subsequent biofilm growth, that they can do so in constant and perturbed environments, and that this advantage is specific to biofilm growth and requires production of the Psl polysaccharide. In contrast, P. aeruginosa PA14 is better able to invade preformed biofilms and is more inclined to remain surface-associated under starvation conditions. These data together suggest that while P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PA14 are both able to effectively colonize surfaces, they do so in different ways that are advantageous under different environmental settings.
    MeSH term(s) Biofilms/growth & development ; Cell Death ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology ; Surface Properties
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2968-3
    ISSN 1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
    ISSN (online) 1098-5530
    ISSN 0021-9193
    DOI 10.1128/JB.00265-21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Architecture of cell-cell junctions in situ reveals a mechanism for bacterial biofilm inhibition.

    Melia, Charlotte E / Bolla, Jani R / Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan / Mihaylov, Daniel B / Hoffmann, Patrick C / Huo, Jiandong / Wozny, Michael R / Elfari, Louis M / Böhning, Jan / Morgan, Ashleigh N / Hitchman, Charlie J / Owens, Raymond J / Robinson, Carol V / O'Toole, George A / Bharat, Tanmay A M

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2021  Volume 118, Issue 31

    Abstract: Many bacteria, including the major human ... ...

    Abstract Many bacteria, including the major human pathogen
    MeSH term(s) Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics ; Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Cell Membrane ; Extracellular Matrix ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/physiology ; Single-Domain Antibodies
    Chemical Substances Adhesins, Bacterial ; CdrA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Single-Domain Antibodies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2109940118
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Postexposure Prophylaxis After Possible Anthrax Exposure: Adherence and Adverse Events.

    Nolen, Leisha D / Traxler, Rita M / Kharod, Grishma A / Kache, Pallavi A / Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan / Hendricks, Katherine A / Shadomy, Sean V / Bower, William A / Meaney-Delman, Dana / Walke, Henry T

    Health security

    2016  Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 419–423

    Abstract: Anthrax postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) was recommended to 42 people after a laboratory incident that involved potential aerosolization of Bacillus anthracis spores in 2 laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014. At least 31 ( ... ...

    Abstract Anthrax postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) was recommended to 42 people after a laboratory incident that involved potential aerosolization of Bacillus anthracis spores in 2 laboratories at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014. At least 31 (74%) individuals who initiated PEP did not complete either the recommended 60 days of antimicrobial therapy or the 3-dose vaccine regimen. Among the 29 that discontinued the antimicrobial component of PEP, most (38%) individuals discontinued PEP because of their low perceived risk of infection; 9 (31%) individuals discontinued prophylaxis due to PEP-related minor adverse events, and 10% cited both low risk and adverse events as their reason for discontinuation. Most minor adverse events reported were gastrointestinal complaints, and none required medical attention. Individuals taking ciprofloxacin were twice as likely (RR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.1-3.6) to discontinue antimicrobial prophylaxis when compared to those taking doxycycline. In the event anthrax PEP is recommended, public health messages and patient education materials will need to address potential misconceptions regarding exposure risk and provide information about possible adverse events in order to promote PEP adherence.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anthrax/prevention & control ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Bacillus anthracis ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage ; Ciprofloxacin/adverse effects ; Doxycycline/administration & dosage ; Doxycycline/adverse effects ; Female ; Georgia ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence/psychology ; Occupational Exposure/prevention & control ; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis ; United States ; Vaccination Refusal/psychology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; Doxycycline (N12000U13O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2823049-8
    ISSN 2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
    ISSN (online) 2326-5108
    ISSN 2326-5094
    DOI 10.1089/hs.2016.0060
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Identifying Meningitis During an Anthrax Mass Casualty Incident: Systematic Review of Systemic Anthrax Since 1880.

    Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan / Holty, Jon-Erik / Person, Marissa / Sejvar, James / Haberling, Dana / Tubbs, Heather / Meaney-Delman, Dana / Pillai, Satish K / Hupert, Nathaniel / Bower, William A / Hendricks, Katherine

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2016  Volume 62, Issue 12, Page(s) 1537–1545

    Abstract: Background: Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a potential bioterrorism agent. Anthrax meningitis is a common manifestation of B. anthracis infection, has high mortality, and requires more aggressive treatment than anthrax without ... ...

    Abstract Background: Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a potential bioterrorism agent. Anthrax meningitis is a common manifestation of B. anthracis infection, has high mortality, and requires more aggressive treatment than anthrax without meningitis. Its rapid identification and treatment are essential for successful management of an anthrax mass casualty incident.
    Methods: Three hundred six published reports from 1880 through 2013 met predefined inclusion criteria. We calculated descriptive statistics for abstracted cases and conducted multivariable regression on separate derivation and validation cohorts to identify clinical diagnostic and prognostic factors for anthrax meningitis.
    Results: One hundred thirty-two of 363 (36%) cases with systemic anthrax met anthrax meningitis criteria. Severe headache, altered mental status, meningeal signs, and other neurological signs at presentation independently predicted meningitis in the derivation cohort and were tested as a 4-item assessment tool for use during anthrax mass casualty incidents. Presence of any 1 factor on admission had a sensitivity for finding anthrax meningitis of 89% (83%) in the adult (pediatric) validation cohorts. Anthrax meningitis was unlikely in the absence of any of these signs or symptoms (likelihood ratio [LR]- = 0.12 [0.19] for adult [pediatric] cohorts), while presence of 2 or more made meningitis very likely (LR+ = 26.5 [30.0]). Survival of anthrax meningitis was predicted by treatment with a bactericidal agent (P = .005) and use of multiple antimicrobials (P = .01).
    Conclusions: We developed an evidence-based assessment tool for screening patients for meningitis during an anthrax mass casualty incident. Its use could improve both patient outcomes and resource allocation in such an event.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Anthrax/diagnosis ; Anthrax/epidemiology ; Anthrax/microbiology ; Anthrax/physiopathology ; Bacillus anthracis ; Bioterrorism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis ; Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology ; Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology ; Meningitis, Bacterial/physiopathology ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016--15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciw184
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Antimicrobial Treatment for Systemic Anthrax: Analysis of Cases from 1945 to 2014 Identified Through a Systematic Literature Review.

    Pillai, Satish K / Huang, Eileen / Guarnizo, Julie T / Hoyle, Jamechia D / Katharios-Lanwermeyer, Stefan / Turski, Theresa K / Bower, William A / Hendricks, Katherine A / Meaney-Delman, Dana

    Health security

    2015  Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) 355–364

    Abstract: Systemic anthrax is associated with high mortality. Current national guidelines, developed for the individualized treatment of systemic anthrax, outline the use of combination intravenous antimicrobials for a minimum of 2 weeks, bactericidal and protein ... ...

    Abstract Systemic anthrax is associated with high mortality. Current national guidelines, developed for the individualized treatment of systemic anthrax, outline the use of combination intravenous antimicrobials for a minimum of 2 weeks, bactericidal and protein synthesis inhibitor antimicrobials for all cases of systemic anthrax, and at least 3 antimicrobials with good blood-brain barrier penetration for anthrax meningitis. However, in an anthrax mass casualty incident, large numbers of anthrax cases may create challenges in meeting antimicrobial needs. To further inform our understanding of the role of antimicrobials in treating systemic anthrax, a systematic review of the English-language literature was conducted to identify cases of systemic anthrax treated with antimicrobials for which a clinical outcome was recorded. A total of 149 cases of systemic anthrax were identified. Among the identified 59 cases of cutaneous anthrax, 33 were complicated by meningitis (76% mortality), while 26 simply had evidence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (4% mortality); 21 of 26 (81%) of this latter group received monotherapy. Subsequent analysis regarding combination antimicrobial therapy was restricted to the remaining 123 cases of more severe anthrax (overall 67% mortality). Recipients of combination bactericidal and protein synthesis inhibitor therapy had a 45% survival versus 28% in the absence of combination therapy (p = 0.07). For meningitis cases (n = 77), survival was greater for those receiving 3 or more antimicrobials over the course of treatment (3 of 4; 75%), compared to receipt of 1 or 2 antimicrobials (12 of 73; 16%) (p = 0.02). Median parenteral antimicrobial duration was 14 days. Combination bactericidal and protein synthesis inhibitor therapy may be appropriate in severe anthrax disease, particularly anthrax meningitis, in a mass casualty incident.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Intravenous ; Anthrax/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Antitoxins/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination/methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination/trends ; Global Health ; Humans
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antitoxins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2823049-8
    ISSN 2326-5108 ; 2326-5094
    ISSN (online) 2326-5108
    ISSN 2326-5094
    DOI 10.1089/hs.2015.0033
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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