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  1. Article ; Online: The local microenvironment matters in preclinical basic and translational studies of cancer immunology and immunotherapy.

    Ho, William W / Pittet, Mikael J / Fukumura, Dai / Jain, Rakesh K

    Cancer cell

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 7, Page(s) 701–702

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Immunologic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2078448-X
    ISSN 1878-3686 ; 1535-6108
    ISSN (online) 1878-3686
    ISSN 1535-6108
    DOI 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.05.016
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Exercise intensity governs tumor control in mice with breast cancer.

    Gomes-Santos, Igor L / Kumar, Ashwin S / Hausmann, Franziska / Meyer, Max N / Shiferaw, Sarah Z / Amoozgar, Zohreh / Jain, Rakesh K / Fukumura, Dai

    Frontiers in immunology

    2024  Volume 15, Page(s) 1339232

    Abstract: Introduction: Exercise is recommended as an adjunct therapy in cancer, but its effectiveness varies. Our hypothesis is that the benefit depends on the exercise intensity.: Methods: We subjected mice to low intensity (Li), moderate intensity (Mi) or ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Exercise is recommended as an adjunct therapy in cancer, but its effectiveness varies. Our hypothesis is that the benefit depends on the exercise intensity.
    Methods: We subjected mice to low intensity (Li), moderate intensity (Mi) or high intensity (Hi) exercise, or untrained control (Co) groups based on their individual maximal running capacity.
    Results: We found that exercise intensity played a critical role in tumor control. Only Mi exercise delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor burden, whereas Li or Hi exercise failed to exert similar antitumor effects. While both Li and Mi exercise normalized the tumor vasculature, only Mi exercise increased tumor infiltrated CD8+ T cells, that also displayed enhanced effector function (higher proliferation and expression of CD69, INFγ, GzmB). Moreover, exercise induced an intensity-dependent mobilization of CD8+ T cells into the bloodstream.
    Conclusion: These findings shed light on the intricate relationship between exercise intensity and cancer, with implications for personalized and optimal exercise prescriptions for tumor control.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Exercise Therapy ; Running ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Neoplasms
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339232
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Implications of a granulocyte-high glioblastoma microenvironment in immune suppression and therapy resistance

    Krishnan, Shanmugarajan / Amoozgar, Zohreh / Fukumura, Dai / Jain, Rakesh K

    The Journal of pathology

    2021  Volume 254, Issue 2, Page(s) 105–108

    Abstract: The failure of anti-VEGF/R and immune checkpoint therapies to improve overall survival in Phase III clinical trials in glioblastoma (GBM) is considered to be due in part to the prevalent immunosuppression in the GBM tumor microenvironment. Immune ... ...

    Abstract The failure of anti-VEGF/R and immune checkpoint therapies to improve overall survival in Phase III clinical trials in glioblastoma (GBM) is considered to be due in part to the prevalent immunosuppression in the GBM tumor microenvironment. Immune suppression is mediated in part by resident microglia and bone-marrow-derived myeloid cells recruited during tumor progression. A paper by Blank et al published in a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology proposes a myeloid cell-mediated mechanism that could contribute to resistance to anti-VEGF/R in GBM patients. A granulocyte-rich GBM tumor microenvironment may push the associated microglia/macrophages to exhibit an activated and immune suppressive phenotype. The identification of pro-angiogenic factors produced by microglia/macrophages and granulocytes in such a tumor microenvironment may offer new targets for improving antiangiogenic therapy of GBM beyond VEGF. Further, consideration of parameters such as IDH status, corticosteroid dosage, tumor mutational burden, gender, vascular function, and pericyte coverage could exploit current immunotherapies to the fullest to reprogram the granulocyte-rich immunosuppressive GBM tumor microenvironment to an immunostimulatory one. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    MeSH term(s) Brain Neoplasms ; Glioblastoma ; Granulocytes ; Humans ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3119-7
    ISSN 1096-9896 ; 0022-3417
    ISSN (online) 1096-9896
    ISSN 0022-3417
    DOI 10.1002/path.5637
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Combined transarterial and transvenous embolization of multi-hole pial arteriovenous fistula with large varix.

    Yamada, Hiroki / Akiyama, Takenori / Kamamoto, Dai / Yoshida, Keisuke / Fukumura, Mariko / Toda, Masahiro

    The neuroradiology journal

    2022  Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 640–646

    Abstract: Background: Pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a vascular fistulous disease in which the cerebral pial artery and vein are directly connected without the intervening nidus within a sub-pial space. Multi-hole pial AVFs, wherein multiple feeders flow ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a vascular fistulous disease in which the cerebral pial artery and vein are directly connected without the intervening nidus within a sub-pial space. Multi-hole pial AVFs, wherein multiple feeders flow into one drainer, are usually formed with complex angioarchitecture and are difficult to treat.
    Methods: A rare case of an adult patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and multi-hole pial AVF was described. A 23-year-old woman was referred to our hospital. She was previously diagnosed with left cerebellar pial AVF with multiple feeders (bilateral superior cerebellar artery and common trunk of the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar) and large varix that had been untreated for 9 years. The enlargement of the large varix with the new second varix formation was revealed by angiography. Although asymptomatic, considered to be a risk for future hemorrhage was the continuous high hemodynamic stress.
    Results: Endovascular embolization was performed by securing safe transarterial
    Conclusions: Performing combined transarterial and transvenous embolization in a well-balanced manner was considered to treat multi-hole pial AVF to provide a safe and effective embolization.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Arteriovenous Fistula/complications ; Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnostic imaging ; Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy ; Cerebral Arteries ; Embolization, Therapeutic/methods ; Enbucrilate ; Female ; Humans ; Varicose Veins/complications ; Varicose Veins/diagnostic imaging ; Varicose Veins/therapy ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Enbucrilate (F8CEP82QNP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2257770-1
    ISSN 2385-1996 ; 1971-4009 ; 1120-9976
    ISSN (online) 2385-1996
    ISSN 1971-4009 ; 1120-9976
    DOI 10.1177/19714009221096829
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Gabrb3 endothelial cell-specific knockout mice display abnormal blood flow, hypertension, and behavioral dysfunction.

    Agrud, Anass / Subburaju, Sivan / Goel, Pranay / Ren, Jun / Kumar, Ashwin Srinivasan / Caldarone, Barbara J / Dai, Wangde / Chavez, Jesus / Fukumura, Dai / Jain, Rakesh K / Kloner, Robert A / Vasudevan, Anju

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 4922

    Abstract: Our recent studies uncovered a novel GABA signaling pathway in embryonic forebrain endothelial cells that works independently from neuronal GABA signaling and revealed that disruptions in endothelial ... ...

    Abstract Our recent studies uncovered a novel GABA signaling pathway in embryonic forebrain endothelial cells that works independently from neuronal GABA signaling and revealed that disruptions in endothelial GABA
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Hypertension/genetics ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Gabrb3 protein, mouse ; Receptors, GABA-A ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-08806-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Anti-VEGF therapy improves EGFR-vIII-CAR-T cell delivery and efficacy in syngeneic glioblastoma models in mice.

    Dong, Xinyue / Ren, Jun / Amoozgar, Zohreh / Lee, Somin / Datta, Meenal / Roberge, Sylvie / Duquette, Mark / Fukumura, Dai / Jain, Rakesh K

    Journal for immunotherapy of cancer

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have revolutionized the treatment of multiple types of hematological malignancies, but have shown limited efficacy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) or other solid tumors. This may be largely due to the ... ...

    Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have revolutionized the treatment of multiple types of hematological malignancies, but have shown limited efficacy in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) or other solid tumors. This may be largely due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that compromises CAR-T cells' delivery and antitumor activity. We previously showed that blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling can normalize tumor vessels in murine and human tumors, including GBM, breast, liver, and rectal carcinomas. Moreover, we demonstrated that vascular normalization can improve the delivery of CD8+ T cells and the efficacy of immunotherapy in breast cancer models in mice. In fact, the US FDA (Food and drug administration) has approved seven different combinations of anti-VEGF drugs and immune checkpoint blockers for liver, kidney, lung and endometrial cancers in the past 3 years. Here, we tested the hypothesis that anti-VEGF therapy can improve the delivery and efficacy of CAR-T cells in immunocompetent mice bearing orthotopic GBM tumors. We engineered two syngeneic mouse GBM cell lines (CT2A and GSC005) to express EGFRvIII-one of the most common neoantigens in human GBM-and CAR T cells to recognize EGFRvIII. We found that treatment with the anti-mouse VEGF antibody (B20) improved CAR-T cell infiltration and distribution throughout the GBM TME, delayed tumor growth, and prolonged survival of GBM-bearing mice compared with EGFRvIII-CAR-T cell therapy alone. Our findings provide compelling data and a rationale for clinical evaluation of anti-VEGF agents with CAR T cells for GBM patients.
    MeSH term(s) United States ; Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; ErbB Receptors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; ErbB Receptors (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; EGFR protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2719863-7
    ISSN 2051-1426 ; 2051-1426
    ISSN (online) 2051-1426
    ISSN 2051-1426
    DOI 10.1136/jitc-2022-005583
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Targeted embolisation for coexisting conus medullaris arteriovenous malformation and cauda equina arteriovenous fistulas with a varix on a shared drainer

    Yoshida, Keisuke / Niimi, Yasunari / Kamamoto, Dai / Fukumura, Mariko / Imai, Ryotaro / Nagoshi, Narihito / Akiyama, Takenori

    British journal of neurosurgery

    2020  Volume 37, Issue 5, Page(s) 1200–1205

    Abstract: Background: The coexistence of vascular malformations in the conus medullaris and cauda equina has been rarely reported, and the complex angioarchitecture in multiple arteriovenous lesions remains poorly understood.: Case description: A 17-year-old ... ...

    Abstract Background: The coexistence of vascular malformations in the conus medullaris and cauda equina has been rarely reported, and the complex angioarchitecture in multiple arteriovenous lesions remains poorly understood.
    Case description: A 17-year-old woman presented with a sudden-onset, stepwise worsening of weakness and pain in the bilateral legs. Angiography revealed conus medullaris arteriovenous malformation and cauda equina arteriovenous fistulas. One of the drainers was shared between the coexisting lesions and harboured a varix. Targeted embolisation of a fistulous point in the conus lesion was performed with precaution to prevent occluding the common drainage route, which led to symptom improvement with angiographical diminishment of the varix.
    Conclusions: Recognising that communications between drainers can be observed in multiple spinal arteriovenous lesions is important in facilitating a safe embolisation. Cautious assessment of angiogram with fusion images of cone-beam computed tomography and volumetric T2 magnetic resonance imaging can help in establishing the diagnosis and treatment strategy.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Cauda Equina/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Arteriovenous Malformations/complications ; Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnostic imaging ; Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy ; Arteriovenous Fistula/complications ; Arteriovenous Fistula/diagnostic imaging ; Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Varicose Veins/complications ; Varicose Veins/diagnostic imaging ; Varicose Veins/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639029-8
    ISSN 1360-046X ; 0268-8697
    ISSN (online) 1360-046X
    ISSN 0268-8697
    DOI 10.1080/02688697.2020.1830948
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Wnt inhibition alleviates resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in glioblastoma.

    Jain, Rakesh / Krishnan, Shanmugarajan / Lee, Somin / Amoozgar, Zohreh / Subudhi, Sonu / Kumar, Ashwin / Posada, Jessica / Lindeman, Neal / Lei, Pinji / Duquette, Mark / Roberge, Sylvie / Huang, Peigen / Andersson, Patrik / Datta, Meenal / Munn, Lance / Fukumura, Dai

    Research square

    2023  

    Abstract: Wnt signaling plays a critical role in the progression and treatment outcome of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we identified WNT7b as a heretofore unknown mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition (αPD1) in GBM patients and murine models. ... ...

    Abstract Wnt signaling plays a critical role in the progression and treatment outcome of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we identified WNT7b as a heretofore unknown mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition (αPD1) in GBM patients and murine models. Acquired resistance to αPD1 was found to be associated with the upregulation of Wnt7b and β-catenin protein levels in GBM in patients and in a clinically relevant, stem-rich GBM model. Combining the porcupine inhibitor WNT974 with αPD1 prolonged the survival of GBM-bearing mice. However, this combination had a dichotomous response, with a subset of tumors showing refractoriness. WNT974 and αPD1 expanded a subset of DC3-like dendritic cells (DCs) and decreased the granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). By contrast, monocytic MDSCs (mMDSCs) increased, while T-cell infiltration remained unchanged, suggesting potential TME-mediated resistance. Our preclinical findings warrant the testing of Wnt7b/β-catenin combined with αPD1 in GBM patients with elevated Wnt7b/β-catenin signaling.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3707472/v1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Gabrb3 endothelial cell-specific knockout mice display abnormal blood flow, hypertension, and behavioral dysfunction

    Anass Agrud / Sivan Subburaju / Pranay Goel / Jun Ren / Ashwin Srinivasan Kumar / Barbara J. Caldarone / Wangde Dai / Jesus Chavez / Dai Fukumura / Rakesh K. Jain / Robert A. Kloner / Anju Vasudevan

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Our recent studies uncovered a novel GABA signaling pathway in embryonic forebrain endothelial cells that works independently from neuronal GABA signaling and revealed that disruptions in endothelial GABAA receptor-GABA signaling from early ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Our recent studies uncovered a novel GABA signaling pathway in embryonic forebrain endothelial cells that works independently from neuronal GABA signaling and revealed that disruptions in endothelial GABAA receptor-GABA signaling from early embryonic stages can directly contribute to the origin of psychiatric disorders. In the GABAA receptor β3 subunit endothelial cell conditional knockout (Gabrb3 ECKO ) mice, the β3 subunit is deleted selectively from endothelial cells, therefore endothelial GABAA receptors become inactivated and dysfunctional. There is a reduction in vessel densities and increased vessel morphology in the Gabrb3 ECKO telencephalon that persists in the adult neocortex. Gabrb3 ECKO mice show behavioral deficits such as impaired reciprocal social interactions, communication deficits, heightened anxiety, and depression. Here, we characterize the functional changes in Gabrb3 ECKO mice by evaluating cortical blood flow, examine the consequences of loss of endothelial Gabrb3 on cardiac tissue, and define more in-depth altered behaviors. Red blood cell velocity and blood flow were increased in the cortical microcirculation of the Gabrb3 ECKO mice. The Gabrb3 ECKO mice had a reduction in vessel densities in the heart, similar to the brain; exhibited wavy, myocardial fibers, with elongated ‘worm-like’ nuclei in their cardiac histology, and developed hypertension. Additional alterations in behavioral function were observed in the Gabrb3 ECKO mice such as increased spontaneous exploratory activity and rearing in an open field, reduced short term memory, decreased ambulatory activity in CLAMS testing, and altered prepulse inhibition to startle, an important biomarker of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia. Our results imply that vascular Gabrb3 is a key player in the brain as well as the heart, and its loss in both organs can lead to concurrent development of psychiatric and cardiac dysfunction.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Reprogramming the Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Immune Microenvironment by Chemotherapy and CTLA-4 Blockade Enhances Anti-PD-1 Therapy.

    Chen, Jiang / Amoozgar, Zohreh / Liu, Xin / Aoki, Shuichi / Liu, Zelong / Shin, Sarah M / Matsui, Aya / Hernandez, Alexei / Pu, Zhangya / Halvorsen, Stefan / Lei, Pin-Ji / Datta, Meenal / Zhu, Lingling / Ruan, Zhiping / Shi, Lei / Staiculescu, Daniel / Inoue, Koetsu / Munn, Lance L / Fukumura, Dai /
    Huang, Peigen / Sassi, Slim / Bardeesy, Nabeel / Ho, Won Jin / Jain, Rakesh K / Duda, Dan G

    Cancer immunology research

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 400–412

    Abstract: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has limited therapeutic options and a dismal prognosis. Adding blockade of the anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 pathway to gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy has recently shown efficacy in biliary tract ... ...

    Abstract Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has limited therapeutic options and a dismal prognosis. Adding blockade of the anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 pathway to gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy has recently shown efficacy in biliary tract cancers but with low response rates. Here, we studied the effects of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 when combined with anti-PD-1 and gemcitabine/cisplatin in orthotopic murine models of ICC. This combination therapy led to substantial survival benefits and reduction of morbidity in two aggressive ICC models that were resistant to immunotherapy alone. Gemcitabine/cisplatin treatment increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and normalized the ICC vessels and, when combined with dual CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade, increased the number of activated CD8+Cxcr3+IFNγ+ T cells. CD8+ T cells were necessary for the therapeutic benefit because the efficacy was compromised when CD8+ T cells were depleted. Expression of Cxcr3 on CD8+ T cells is necessary and sufficient because CD8+ T cells from Cxcr3+/+ but not Cxcr3-/- mice rescued efficacy in T cell‒deficient mice. Finally, rational scheduling of anti-CTLA-4 "priming" with chemotherapy followed by anti-PD-1 therapy achieved equivalent efficacy with reduced overall drug exposure. These data suggest that this combination approach should be clinically tested to overcome resistance to current therapies in ICC patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Cholangiocarcinoma/drug therapy ; Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism ; Cisplatin/therapeutic use ; CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors ; Gemcitabine/therapeutic use ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Cisplatin (Q20Q21Q62J) ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Gemcitabine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2732489-8
    ISSN 2326-6074 ; 2326-6066
    ISSN (online) 2326-6074
    ISSN 2326-6066
    DOI 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-23-0486
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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