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  1. Article ; Online: A modified Barnes maze for an accurate assessment of spatial learning in mice.

    Illouz, Tomer / Madar, Ravit / Okun, Eitan

    Journal of neuroscience methods

    2020  Volume 334, Page(s) 108579

    Abstract: Background: The Morris water maze (MWM) and the Barnes maze (BM) are among the most widely-used paradigms for assessing spatial learning in rodents, with specific advantages and disadvantages for each apparatus. Compared with the intense water-related ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Morris water maze (MWM) and the Barnes maze (BM) are among the most widely-used paradigms for assessing spatial learning in rodents, with specific advantages and disadvantages for each apparatus. Compared with the intense water-related stress exerted during the MWM, the BM exhibits a milder light-induced stress, while suffering from biasing animals towards non-spatial strategies such as serial search, a heuristic non-spatial search strategy. To overcome this problem, we have developed a modified Barnes maze (MBM) apparatus that recapitulates natural environments more accurately without inducing undesirable exploration strategy bias.
    New method: Apparatus. A circular 122 cm-wide table with 40 randomly placed holes. One target hole is leading to an escape chamber. Task. Three target locations were examined, varying in their distance from the center. C57BL6/j male mice were given three trials per day to find the target. Following acquisition, a probe test was performed by removing the escape chamber.
    Results: Spatial-encoding-depended reduction in latency to reach the target was observed, along with improvement in path efficiency with test progress. Mice tested with peripheral and distal targets outperformed mice tested with a central target. A robust exploration pattern was identified in the probe test.
    Comparison with existing method: The MBM mimics natural environment to a higher degree of accuracy than the BM, without eliciting bias towards non-spatial searching strategies.
    Conclusions: Spatial learning in the MBM is a target-location sensitive process, providing flexibility in task difficulty. Along with overcoming biases towards non-spatial strategies, the MBM represents an improvement over the well-validated BM.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-09
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282721-9
    ISSN 1872-678X ; 0165-0270
    ISSN (online) 1872-678X
    ISSN 0165-0270
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108579
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Induction of an effective anti-Amyloid-β humoral response in aged mice.

    Illouz, Tomer / Madar, Ravit / Hirsh, Tamir / Biragyn, Arya / Okun, Eitan

    Vaccine

    2021  Volume 39, Issue 34, Page(s) 4817–4829

    Abstract: Aging-related decline in immune functions, termed immunosenescence, is a primary cause of reduced protective responses to vaccines in the elderly, due to impaired induction of cellular and humoral responses to new antigens (Ag), especially if the ... ...

    Abstract Aging-related decline in immune functions, termed immunosenescence, is a primary cause of reduced protective responses to vaccines in the elderly, due to impaired induction of cellular and humoral responses to new antigens (Ag), especially if the response is T cell dependent. The result is a more severe morbidity following infections, more prolonged and frequent hospitalization, and a higher mortality rate than in the general population. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop vaccination strategies that overcome immunosenescence, especially for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report a new vaccination strategy harnessing memory-based immunity, which is less affected by aging. We found that aged C57BL/6 and 5xFAD mice exhibit a dramatic reduction in anti-Amyloid-β (Aβ) antibody (Ab) production. We aimed to reverse this process by inducing memory response at a young age. To this end, young mice were primed with the vaccine carrier Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). At an advanced age, these mice were immunized with an Aβ
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Peptide Fragments
    Chemical Substances Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Peptide Fragments
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Virtual reality-based training and pre-operative planning for head and neck sentinel lymph node biopsy.

    Feinmesser, Gilad / Yogev, David / Goldberg, Tomer / Parmet, Yisrael / Illouz, Shay / Vazgovsky, Oliana / Eshet, Yael / Tejman-Yarden, Shai / Alon, Eran

    American journal of otolaryngology

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 6, Page(s) 103976

    Abstract: Objective: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is crucial for managing head and neck skin cancer. However, variable lymphatic drainage can complicate SLN detection when using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) or lymphoscintigraphy. ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is crucial for managing head and neck skin cancer. However, variable lymphatic drainage can complicate SLN detection when using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) or lymphoscintigraphy. Virtual Reality (VR) can contribute to pre-operative planning by simulating a realistic 3D model, which improves orientation. VR can also facilitate real-patient training outside the operating room. This study explored using a VR platform for pre-operative planning in head and neck skin cancer patients undergoing SLNBs and assessed its value for residential training.
    Materials and methods: In this prospective technology pilot study, attending surgeons and residents who performed 21 SLNB operations on patients with head and neck skin cancers (81% males, mean age 69.2 ± 11.3) used a VR simulation model based on each patient's pre-operative SPECT scan to examine patient-specific anatomy. After surgery, they completed a questionnaire on the efficiency of the VR simulation as a pre-operative planning tool and training device for residents.
    Results: The attending surgeons rated the VR model's accuracy at 8.3 ± 1.6 out of 10. Three-quarters (76%) of residents reported increased confidence after using VR. The physicians rated the platform's contribution to residents' training at 7.4 ± 2.1 to 8.9 ± 1.3 out of 10.
    Conclusion: A VR SLNB simulation can accurately portray marked sentinel lymph nodes. It was rated high as a surgical planning and teaching tool among attending surgeons and residents alike and may play a role in pre-operative planning and resident training. Further studies are needed to explore its applications in practice.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Melanoma/pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Pilot Projects ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology ; Virtual Reality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604541-8
    ISSN 1532-818X ; 0196-0709
    ISSN (online) 1532-818X
    ISSN 0196-0709
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103976
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Induction of an effective anti-Amyloid-β humoral response in aged mice

    Illouz, Tomer / Madar, Ravit / Hirsh, Tamir / Biragyn, Arya / Okun, Eitan

    Vaccine. 2021 Aug. 09, v. 39, no. 34

    2021  

    Abstract: Aging-related decline in immune functions, termed immunosenescence, is a primary cause of reduced protective responses to vaccines in the elderly, due to impaired induction of cellular and humoral responses to new antigens (Ag), especially if the ... ...

    Abstract Aging-related decline in immune functions, termed immunosenescence, is a primary cause of reduced protective responses to vaccines in the elderly, due to impaired induction of cellular and humoral responses to new antigens (Ag), especially if the response is T cell dependent. The result is a more severe morbidity following infections, more prolonged and frequent hospitalization, and a higher mortality rate than in the general population. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop vaccination strategies that overcome immunosenescence, especially for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we report a new vaccination strategy harnessing memory-based immunity, which is less affected by aging. We found that aged C57BL/6 and 5xFAD mice exhibit a dramatic reduction in anti-Amyloid-β (Aβ) antibody (Ab) production. We aimed to reverse this process by inducing memory response at a young age. To this end, young mice were primed with the vaccine carrier Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). At an advanced age, these mice were immunized with an Aβ₁₋₁₁ fused to HBsAg. This vaccination scheme elicited a markedly higher Aβ-specific antibody titer than vaccinating aged unprimed mice with the same construct. Importantly, this vaccine strategy more efficiently reduced cerebral Aβ levels and altered microglial phenotype. Overall, we provide evidence that priming with an exogenous Ag carrier can overcome impaired humoral responses to self-antigens in the elderly, paving the route for a potent immunotherapy to AD.
    Keywords T-lymphocytes ; antibodies ; decline ; elderly ; hepatitis B antigens ; humoral immunity ; memory ; morbidity ; mortality ; phenotype ; vaccination ; vaccines
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0809
    Size p. 4817-4829.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.023
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Maternal antibodies facilitate Amyloid-β clearance by activating Fc-receptor-Syk-mediated phagocytosis.

    Illouz, Tomer / Nicola, Raneen / Ben-Shushan, Linoy / Madar, Ravit / Biragyn, Arya / Okun, Eitan

    Communications biology

    2021  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 329

    Abstract: Maternal antibodies (MAbs) protect against infections in immunologically-immature neonates. Maternally transferred immunity may also be harnessed to target diseases associated with endogenous protein misfolding and aggregation, such as Alzheimer's ... ...

    Abstract Maternal antibodies (MAbs) protect against infections in immunologically-immature neonates. Maternally transferred immunity may also be harnessed to target diseases associated with endogenous protein misfolding and aggregation, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-pathology in Down syndrome (DS). While familial early-onset AD (fEOAD) is associated with autosomal dominant mutations in the APP, PSEN1,2 genes, promoting cerebral Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, DS features a life-long overexpression of the APP and DYRK1A genes, leading to a cognitive decline mediated by Aβ overproduction and tau hyperphosphorylation. Although no prenatal screening for fEOAD-related mutations is in clinical practice, DS can be diagnosed in utero. We hypothesized that anti-Aβ MAbs might promote the removal of early Aβ accumulation in the central nervous system of human APP-expressing mice. To this end, a DNA-vaccine expressing Aβ
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/enzymology ; Alzheimer Disease/immunology ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control ; Alzheimer Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Alzheimer Vaccines/immunology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/administration & dosage ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/immunology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibodies/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/enzymology ; Brain/immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Cognition ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Immunization ; Male ; Memory ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/enzymology ; Microglia/immunology ; Microglia/pathology ; Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Phagocytosis ; Phenotype ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Receptors, IgG/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Syk Kinase/metabolism ; Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Mice
    Chemical Substances APP protein, human ; Alzheimer Vaccines ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Antibodies ; Fcgr1 protein, mouse ; Peptide Fragments ; Receptors, IgG ; Vaccines, DNA ; amyloid beta-protein (1-11) ; Syk Kinase (EC 2.7.10.2) ; Syk protein, mouse (EC 2.7.10.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ISSN 2399-3642
    ISSN (online) 2399-3642
    DOI 10.1038/s42003-021-01851-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: No ECSIT-stential evidence for a link with Alzheimer's disease yet (retrospective on DOI 10.1002/bies.201100193).

    Illouz, Tomer / Okun, Eitan

    BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology

    2015  Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 5

    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Reactive Oxygen Species
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 50140-2
    ISSN 1521-1878 ; 0265-9247
    ISSN (online) 1521-1878
    ISSN 0265-9247
    DOI 10.1002/bies.201400179
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Maternal antibodies facilitate Amyloid-β clearance by activating Fc-receptor-Syk-mediated phagocytosis

    Tomer Illouz / Raneen Nicola / Linoy Ben-Shushan / Ravit Madar / Arya Biragyn / Eitan Okun

    Communications Biology, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 19

    Abstract: Illouz et al vaccinated wildtype female mice against human Amyloid-β (Aβ) prior to them being bred ...

    Abstract Illouz et al vaccinated wildtype female mice against human Amyloid-β (Aβ) prior to them being bred with 5xFAD males, which model Aβ deposition, as occurs in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Down’s syndrome (DS). The resultant offspring had reduced cortical Aβ levels and milder memory deficits, up to 4 months after antibodies were no longer detectable, due to a long term shift in microglial phenotype. This study demonstrates that maternal immunization can alleviate cognitive decline and pathology associated with AD and DS.
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Restoring microglial and astroglial homeostasis using DNA immunization in a Down Syndrome mouse model.

    Illouz, Tomer / Madar, Ravit / Biragyn, Arya / Okun, Eitan

    Brain, behavior, and immunity

    2018  Volume 75, Page(s) 163–180

    Abstract: Down Syndrome (DS), the most common cause of genetic intellectual disability, is characterized by over-expression of the APP and DYRK1A genes, located on the triplicated chromosome 21. This chromosomal abnormality leads to a cognitive decline mediated by ...

    Abstract Down Syndrome (DS), the most common cause of genetic intellectual disability, is characterized by over-expression of the APP and DYRK1A genes, located on the triplicated chromosome 21. This chromosomal abnormality leads to a cognitive decline mediated by Amyloid-β (Aβ) overproduction and tau hyper-phosphorylation as early as the age of 40. In this study, we used the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS to evaluate the beneficial effect of a DNA vaccination against the Aβ
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/genetics ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/immunology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/immunology ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; DNA/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down Syndrome/immunology ; Down Syndrome/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Immunization/methods ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microglia/immunology ; Microglia/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; tau Proteins ; Dyrk Kinases
    Chemical Substances APP protein, human ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; tau Proteins ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639219-2
    ISSN 1090-2139 ; 0889-1591
    ISSN (online) 1090-2139
    ISSN 0889-1591
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.10.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Disease-associated astrocyte epigenetic memory promotes CNS pathology.

    Lee, Hong-Gyun / Rone, Joseph M / Li, Zhaorong / Akl, Camilo Faust / Shin, Seung Won / Lee, Joon-Hyuk / Flausino, Lucas E / Pernin, Florian / Chao, Chun-Cheih / Kleemann, Kilian L / Srun, Lena / Illouz, Tomer / Giovannoni, Federico / Charabati, Marc / Sanmarco, Liliana M / Kenison, Jessica E / Piester, Gavin / Zandee, Stephanie E J / Antel, Jack /
    Rothhammer, Veit / Wheeler, Michael A / Prat, Alexandre / Clark, Iain C / Quintana, Francisco J

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Astrocytes play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathology. Indeed, astrocyte subsets defined by specific transcriptional activation states contribute to the pathology of neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis ...

    Abstract Astrocytes play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) physiology and pathology. Indeed, astrocyte subsets defined by specific transcriptional activation states contribute to the pathology of neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its pre-clinical model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.04.574196
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: A protocol for quantitative analysis of murine and human amyloid-β

    Illouz, Tomer / Madar, Ravit / Griffioen, Kathleen / Okun, Eitan

    Journal of neuroscience methods

    2017  Volume 291, Page(s) 28–35

    Abstract: Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ), a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has long been a focus of basic and translation research in AD. Quantification and dissociation of the Aβ fractions in their soluble and insoluble forms, is a key factor in numerous AD ... ...

    Abstract Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ), a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has long been a focus of basic and translation research in AD. Quantification and dissociation of the Aβ fractions in their soluble and insoluble forms, is a key factor in numerous AD studies.
    New method: Here we provide a generalized sandwich-enzyme-linked-immuno-sorbent-assay (sELISA) protocol for quantification of human and murine Aβ
    Results: We have validated the levels of soluble and insoluble Aβ
    Comparison with existing methods: Several methodologies have been proposed for the high throughput measure of Aβ, including HPLC-mass-spectrometry, micro-immunoelectrodes, immunoprecipitation and ELISA. Although commercial sELISA kits are widely used, herein, we describe a more accessible and cost-effective in-house protocol enabling to measure either human or murine, soluble and insoluble Aβ
    Conclusions: We provide a streamlined and accessible protocol for the assessment of soluble and insoluble Aβ
    MeSH term(s) Amyloid beta-Peptides/analysis ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Chemical Analysis/methods ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down Syndrome/metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results
    Chemical Substances Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Peptide Fragments ; amyloid beta-protein (1-40) ; amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017--01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 282721-9
    ISSN 1872-678X ; 0165-0270
    ISSN (online) 1872-678X
    ISSN 0165-0270
    DOI 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.07.022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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