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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial resistance in aeromonads and new therapies targeting quorum sensing.

Neil, Blake / Cheney, Gabrielle L / Rosenzweig, Jason A / Sha, Jian / Chopra, Ashok K

2024 Volume 108, Issue 1, Page(s) 205

Abstract: Aeromonas species (spp.) are well-known fish pathogens, several of which have been recognized as emerging human pathogens. The organism is capable of causing a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, ranging from gastroenteritis, wound infections, and ... ...

Abstract	Aeromonas species (spp.) are well-known fish pathogens, several of which have been recognized as emerging human pathogens. The organism is capable of causing a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, ranging from gastroenteritis, wound infections, and septicemia to devastating necrotizing fasciitis. The systemic form of infection is often fatal, particularly in patients with underlying chronic diseases. Indeed, recent trends demonstrate rising numbers of hospital-acquired Aeromonas infections, especially in immuno-compromised individuals. Additionally, Aeromonas-associated antibiotic resistance is an increasing challenge in combating both fish and human infections. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance is related to Aeromonas' innate transformative properties including its ability to share plasmids and integron-related gene cassettes between species and with the environment. As a result, alternatives to antibiotic treatments are desperately needed. In that vein, many treatments have been proposed and studied extensively in the fish-farming industry, including treatments that target Aeromonas quorum sensing. In this review, we discuss current strategies targeting quorum sensing inhibition and propose that such studies empower the development of novel chemotherapeutic approaches to combat drug-resistant Aeromonas spp. infections in humans. KEY POINTS: • Aeromonas notoriously acquires and maintains antimicrobial resistance, making treatment options limited. • Quorum sensing is an essential virulence mechanism in Aeromonas infections. • Inhibiting quorum sensing can be an effective strategy in combating Aeromonas infections in animals and humans.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Quorum Sensing ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Agriculture ; Cross Infection
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	392453-1
ISSN	1432-0614 ; 0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
ISSN (online)	1432-0614
ISSN	0171-1741 ; 0175-7598
DOI	10.1007/s00253-024-13055-z
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Article ; Online: Impacts of Schmallenberg virus infection in early lambing sheep flocks following the second wave of virus circulation in South West England in 2012/2013

Michael Glover / Neil Blake / Clare Phythian

Veterinary Evidence, Vol 8, Iss

a mixed-methods descriptive study

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: Abstract Background The first cases of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection in the UK were confirmed in congenitally malformed lambs born in South East England in January 2012. Epidemiological studies confirmed that SBV infection could have severe ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The first cases of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection in the UK were confirmed in congenitally malformed lambs born in South East England in January 2012. Epidemiological studies confirmed that SBV infection could have severe negative impacts on animal welfare and productivity in affected flocks of sheep (Ovis aries), but there was a lack of specific research on the impacts of infection on recorded reproductive performance, animal welfare, financial performance, and farmers’ emotional well-being in some of the first affected early lambing flocks in South West England in 2012 / 2013. Objectives This veterinary practice-based study aimed to describe the clinical signs observed by sheep farmers in the region experiencing outbreaks of disease due to SBV for the first time; to evaluate physical records (quantitative data) on reproductive performance in early lambing flocks prior to and during the affected 2012 / 2013 production year; and to gauge farmers’ perceptions (qualitative interview data and quantitative severity scores) of the impacts of SBV infection on animal welfare, financial performance, and their emotional well-being, and risks of future outbreaks of disease and preventive strategies including SBV vaccination. Evidentiary value This mixed-methods descriptive study reported farmers’ detailed experiences, and recorded and perceived impacts, of SBV infection in six pedigree and purebred flocks in South West England, lambing early between November 2012 and January 2013. Previous surveys were larger than the current study and assessed the impacts of SBV at farm rather than flock level and on a more diverse range of British sheep farms lambing over extended periods; impacts were compared between three categories of farms based on laboratory confirmation or farmers’ suspicions of infection i.e. ‘SBV confirmed’, ‘SBV suspected’ and ‘SBV not suspected’. This study was able to capture and compare the reproductive performance of these flocks in the SBV affected production year in 2012 / 2013 ...
Keywords	schmallenberg virus ; mixed-methods ; impacts ; early lambing ; malformations ; welfare ; reproductive performance ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	RCVS Knowledge
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Development of 3D Bovine Intestinal Organoid Derived Models to Investigate

Blake, Rosemary / Jensen, Kirsty / Mabbott, Neil / Hope, Jayne / Stevens, Joanne

Frontiers in veterinary science

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 921160

Abstract: Mycobacterium ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium avium
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2022.921160
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Article: A Bacteriophage Cocktail Targeting

Kilgore, Paul B / Sha, Jian / Hendrix, Emily K / Neil, Blake H / Lawrence, William S / Peel, Jennifer E / Hittle, Lauren / Woolston, Joelle / Sulakvelidze, Alexander / Schwartz, Jennifer A / Chopra, Ashok K

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: ... Yersinia ... ...

Abstract	Yersinia pestis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.17.576055
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Article ; Online: Prolactin Mediates Long-Term, Seasonal Rheostatic Regulation of Body Mass in Female Mammals.

Marshall, Christopher J / Blake, Alexandra / Stewart, Calum / Liddle, T Adam / Denizli, Irem / Cuthill, Fallon / Evans, Neil P / Stevenson, Tyler J

Endocrinology

2024 Volume 165, Issue 4

Abstract: A series of well-described anabolic and catabolic neuropeptides are known to provide short-term, homeostatic control of energy balance. The mechanisms that govern long-term, rheostatic control of regulated changes in energy balance are less well ... ...

Abstract	A series of well-described anabolic and catabolic neuropeptides are known to provide short-term, homeostatic control of energy balance. The mechanisms that govern long-term, rheostatic control of regulated changes in energy balance are less well characterized. Using the robust and repeatable seasonal changes in body mass observed in Siberian hamsters, this report examined the role of prolactin in providing long-term rheostatic control of body mass and photoinduced changes in organ mass (ie, kidney, brown adipose tissue, uterine, and spleen). Endogenous circannual interval timing was observed after 4 months in a short photoperiod, indicated by a significant increase in body mass and prolactin mRNA expression in the pituitary gland. There was an inverse relationship between body mass and the expression of somatostatin (Sst) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cart). Pharmacological inhibition of prolactin release (via bromocriptine injection), reduced body mass of animals maintained in long photoperiods to winter-short photoperiod levels and was associated with a significant increase in hypothalamic Cart expression. Administration of ovine prolactin significantly increased body mass 24 hours after a single injection and the effect persisted after 3 consecutive daily injections. The data indicate that prolactin has pleiotropic effects on homeostatic sensors of energy balance (ie, Cart) and physiological effectors (ie, kidney, BAT). We propose that prolactin release from the pituitary gland acts as an output signal of the hypothalamic rheostat controller to regulate adaptive changes in body mass.
MeSH term(s)	Cricetinae ; Animals ; Sheep ; Female ; Prolactin/metabolism ; Seasons ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Phodopus/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/metabolism ; Photoperiod
Chemical Substances	Prolactin (9002-62-4) ; Neuropeptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	427856-2
ISSN	1945-7170 ; 0013-7227
ISSN (online)	1945-7170
ISSN	0013-7227
DOI	10.1210/endocr/bqae020
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Article ; Online: Hepatitis B Viral Protein HBx and the Molecular Mechanisms Modulating the Hallmarks of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review.

Sivasudhan, Enakshi / Blake, Neil / Lu, Zhiliang / Meng, Jia / Rong, Rong

Cells

2022 Volume 11, Issue 4

Abstract: With 296 million cases estimated worldwide, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV-encoded oncogene X protein (HBx), a key multifunctional regulatory protein, drives viral ... ...

Abstract	With 296 million cases estimated worldwide, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV-encoded oncogene X protein (HBx), a key multifunctional regulatory protein, drives viral replication and interferes with several cellular signalling pathways that drive virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of HBx in modulating the various hallmarks of HCC by supporting tumour initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis. Understanding HBx-mediated dimensions of complexity in driving liver malignancies could provide the key to unlocking novel and repurposed combinatorial therapies to combat HCC.
MeSH term(s)	Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology ; Hepatitis B virus/metabolism ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/virology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Trans-Activators ; Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins ; hepatitis B virus X protein
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11040741
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Article ; Online: Repeatability of Lac+ measurements in healthy human brain at 3 T.

Armbruster, Ryan / Wilson, Neil / Elliott, Mark A / Liu, Fang / Benyard, Blake / Jacobs, Paul / Swain, Anshuman / Nanga, Ravi Prakash Reddy / Reddy, Ravinder

NMR in biomedicine

2024 , Page(s) e5158

Abstract: Purpose: In vivo quantification of lactate has numerous applications in studying the pathology of both cerebral and musculoskeletal systems. Due to its low concentration (~0.5-1 mM), and overlap with lipid signals, traditional : Methods: In this ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: In vivo quantification of lactate has numerous applications in studying the pathology of both cerebral and musculoskeletal systems. Due to its low concentration (~0.5-1 mM), and overlap with lipid signals, traditional Methods: In this study, using a semi-LASER acquisition with long echo time (T Results: The mean intra-participant Lac+ concentration, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.49 to 0.61 mM, 0.02 to 0.07 mM, and 4% to 13%, respectively, across four volunteers. The inter-participant Lac+ concentration, SD, and CV was 0.53 mM, ±0.06 mM, and 11%. Conclusion: Repeatability is shown in Lac+ measurement in healthy human brain using a long echo time semi-LASER sequence with a large voxel in about 3.5 min at 3 T.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1000976-0
ISSN	1099-1492 ; 0952-3480
ISSN (online)	1099-1492
ISSN	0952-3480
DOI	10.1002/nbm.5158
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Article ; Online: An experimental, computational, and uncertainty analysis study of the rates of iodoalkane trapping by DABCO in solution phase organic media.

Grubel, Katarzyna / Rosenthal, W Steven / Autrey, Tom / Henson, Neil J / Koh, Katherine / Flowers, Sarah / Blake, Thomas A

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP

2023 Volume 25, Issue 9, Page(s) 6914–6926

Abstract: NMR spectroscopy was used to measure the rates of the first and second substitution reactions between iodoalkane (R = Me, 1-butyl) and DABCO in methanol, acetonitrile and DMSO. Most of the reactions were recorded at three different temperatures, which ... ...

Abstract	NMR spectroscopy was used to measure the rates of the first and second substitution reactions between iodoalkane (R = Me, 1-butyl) and DABCO in methanol, acetonitrile and DMSO. Most of the reactions were recorded at three different temperatures, which permitted calculation of the activation parameters from Eyring and Arrhenius plots. Additionally, the reaction rate and heat of reaction for 1-iodobutane + DABCO in acetonitrile and DMSO were also measured using calorimetry. To help interpret experimental results,
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476244-4
ISSN	1463-9084 ; 1463-9076
ISSN (online)	1463-9084
ISSN	1463-9076
DOI	10.1039/d2cp05286e
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Article ; Online: The Development of 3D Bovine Intestinal Organoid Derived Models to Investigate Mycobacterium Avium ssp Paratuberculosis Pathogenesis

Rosemary Blake / Kirsty Jensen / Neil Mabbott / Jayne Hope / Joanne Stevens

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of Johne's Disease, a chronic enteritis of ruminants prevalent across the world. It is estimated that approximately 50% of UK dairy herds are infected with MAP, but this is ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of Johne's Disease, a chronic enteritis of ruminants prevalent across the world. It is estimated that approximately 50% of UK dairy herds are infected with MAP, but this is likely an underestimate of the true prevalence. Infection can result in reduced milk yield, infertility and premature culling of the animal, leading to significant losses to the farming economy and negatively affecting animal welfare. Understanding the initial interaction between MAP and the host is critical to develop improved diagnostic tools and novel vaccines. Here we describe the characterisation of three different multicellular in vitro models derived from bovine intestinal tissue, and their use for the study of cellular interactions with MAP. In addition to the previously described basal-out 3D bovine enteroids, we have established viable 2D monolayers and 3D apical-out organoids. The apical-out enteroids differ from previously described bovine enteroids as the apical surface is exposed on the exterior surface of the 3D structure, enabling study of host-pathogen interactions at the epithelial surface without the need for microinjection. We have characterised the cell types present in each model system using RT-qPCR to detect predicted cell type-specific gene expression, and confocal microscopy for cell type-specific protein expression. Each model contained the cells present in the original bovine intestinal tissue, confirming they were representative of the bovine gut. Exposure of the three model systems to the K10 reference strain of MAP K10, and a recent Scottish isolate referred to as C49, led to the observation of intracellular bacteria by confocal microscopy. Enumeration of the bacteria by quantification of genome copy number, indicated that K10 was less invasive than C49 at early time points in infection in all model systems. This study shows that bovine enteroid-based models are permissive to infection with MAP and that these models may be useful in ...
Keywords	Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) ; cattle ; in vitro model ; organoid ; 3D cell model ; 2D cell culture ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Molecular Diagnosis of Pneumonia (Including Multiplex Panels).

Buchan, Blake W / Armand-Lefevre, Laurence / Anderson, Neil

Clinical chemistry

2021 Volume 68, Issue 1, Page(s) 59–68

Abstract: Background: Pneumonia is a common illness, accounting for a staggering amount of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of pneumonia is challenging given the variety of responsible pathogens. Diagnostic testing for bacterial pneumonia has ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pneumonia is a common illness, accounting for a staggering amount of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of pneumonia is challenging given the variety of responsible pathogens. Diagnostic testing for bacterial pneumonia has traditionally relied on time-consuming culture-based methods, though recently multiplexed molecular approaches have been described. Multiplexed molecular assays for pneumonia have the potential to provide broad diagnostic information in a rapid timeframe. Much has yet to be learned about these assays regarding analytical performance, potential impact, and optimal implementation strategy. Content: Herein we provide a summary of what is known and what has yet to be learned about multiplexed molecular pneumonia assays. We provide a comparison of the different commercially available assays and summarize the most current performance data for each. We further describe outcome data and lessons learned from those who have implemented these assays worldwide. Finally, based on the current state of performance and outcome data, we provide informed strategies and considerations for laboratories contemplating implementation. Summary: Multiplexed molecular assays for the diagnosis of pneumonia boast high accuracy though the diagnostic information gained from these assays is inherently different from culture and must be interpreted in cultural context. Despite this, these assays can be powerful and effective diagnostic tools with a potential to positively impact patient care. The extent to which this is realized varies from setting to setting, though is dependent on thoughtful implementation and a focus on delivering clear, rapid, and actionable results that can be interpreted in the appropriate context.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Pneumonia/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80102-1
ISSN	1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
ISSN (online)	1530-8561
ISSN	0009-9147
DOI	10.1093/clinchem/hvab143
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