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Article ; Online: QuantiFERON Gold-In-Tube for the diagnosis of mycobacterial tuberculosis infection in children under 5 years of age

Thomas Volkman / Visai Muruganandah / Hamish Graham / Shidan Tosif / Simon Stokes / Sarath Ranganathan

PLoS ONE, Vol 19, Iss

A systematic review and meta-analysis

2024 Volume 1

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: QuantiFERON Gold-In-Tube for the diagnosis of mycobacterial tuberculosis infection in children under 5 years of age: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Volkman, Thomas / Muruganandah, Visai / Graham, Hamish / Tosif, Shidan / Stokes, Simon / Ranganathan, Sarath

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) e0295913

Abstract: Background: Previous meta-analysis regarding the performance of QuantiFERON Gold-In-Tube in children have yielded contrasting results. Emerging data in children younger than 5 years of age necessitates a new analysis.: Methods: Systematic searches ... ...

Abstract	Background: Previous meta-analysis regarding the performance of QuantiFERON Gold-In-Tube in children have yielded contrasting results. Emerging data in children younger than 5 years of age necessitates a new analysis. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted of MedLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases between 1998-2023. Pooled estimates of sensitivities and specificities of QFT-GIT compared to tuberculin skin test (TST) were calculated. The Kappa (k) coefficient was calculated for each study to determine the degree of congruence between TST and QFT-GIT results. Studies including patients co-infected with HIV or other immune compromising conditions or those treated with anti-tubercular treatment were excluded. Results: Seventeen studies (4335 patients) were included in quantitative analysis. All studies were conducted in middle to high income countries. They were conducted across 14 countries and 4 studies in countries with high TB incidence. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and DOR were 0.45 (0.42-0.48), 0.96 (0.96-0.97) and 18.84 (7.33-48.41) respectively. The ability of QFT-GIT to discriminate with disease and no disease was "good" as demonstrated by a summary receiver operating characteristic curve with area under curve of 0.7812. The average Kappa (k) co-efficient was 0.501 with a wide variety of values between studies (0.167 to 0.800). Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis support the judicious use of QFT-GIT in children 5 years and under, with caution as a sole test to exclude Tuberculosis in this age group. The heterogeneity and methodological quality of diagnostic studies limits the generalisability of results.
MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Gold ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests/methods ; Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculin Test/methods ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Gold (7440-57-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0295913
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: COVID-19-associated croup severity in Australian children.

Lai, Timothy C / Walker, Patrick J B / Schrader, Silja / McMinn, Alissa / Tosif, Shidan / Crawford, Nigel W / Cheng, Daryl R

Archives of disease in childhood

2023 Volume 108, Issue 8, Page(s) e14

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Australia/epidemiology ; Croup/diagnosis ; Croup/epidemiology ; Croup/etiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Emergency Service, Hospital
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	524-1
ISSN	1468-2044 ; 0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
ISSN (online)	1468-2044
ISSN	0003-9888 ; 1359-2998
DOI	10.1136/archdischild-2023-325717
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Article ; Online: Influenza vaccine administration in a paediatric intensive care unit.

Elia, Sonja / Moore, Yvette / Duke, Trevor / Crawford, Nigel W / Tosif, Shidan

Journal of paediatrics and child health

2022 Volume 58, Issue 10, Page(s) 1766–1770

Abstract: Aim: We describe the clinical profile of children and outcomes of influenza immunisation for patients in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).: Methods: Over two influenza seasons: 19/04/2018 to 07/08/2018 and 02/05/2019 to 10/10/2019, an ... ...

Abstract	Aim: We describe the clinical profile of children and outcomes of influenza immunisation for patients in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: Over two influenza seasons: 19/04/2018 to 07/08/2018 and 02/05/2019 to 10/10/2019, an immunisation nurse and PICU nurse coordinator met weekly and identified patients to receive the influenza vaccine. An inpatient list of PICU patients was screened for eligible patients: greater than 6 months of age, did not have imminent procedures (e.g. surgery) or were not critically unwell, as determined by the treating team, to receive the influenza vaccine. Patients were excluded if they had undergone surgery in the previous 24 hours or were being treated palliatively. Results: Sixty patients in PICU were identified, with 43% (26/60) receiving the vaccine while in PICU and 17% (10/60) once discharged from PICU to the general ward environment. The majority of patients immunised were in PICU due to cardiac surgery/cardiology or general medical conditions, such as cerebral palsy or RSV bronchiolitis. There were no reported adverse events following immunisation. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the suitability and acceptability of children in the PICU receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine and tailored interventions to follow-up once discharged from PICU to optimise protection.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	Influenza Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-24
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1024476-1
ISSN	1440-1754 ; 1034-4810
ISSN (online)	1440-1754
ISSN	1034-4810
DOI	10.1111/jpc.16083
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Paediatric admissions with SARS-CoV-2 during the Delta and Omicron waves: an Australian single-centre retrospective study.

Cheng, Daryl R / Schrader, Silja / McMinn, Alissa / Crawford, Nigel W / Tosif, Shidan / Mcnab, Sarah / Steer, Andrew C

BMJ paediatrics open

2023 Volume 7, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: The clinical course of Australian children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection is not well understood, particularly over the Omicron period.: Methods: This study describes paediatric admissions to a single tertiary paediatric ... ...

Abstract	Background: The clinical course of Australian children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection is not well understood, particularly over the Omicron period. Methods: This study describes paediatric admissions to a single tertiary paediatric institution through the Delta and Omicron variant waves. All children admitted from 1 June 2021 to 30 September 2022 with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection were included for analysis. Results: 117 patients were admitted during the Delta wave compared with 737 during the Omicron wave. The median length of stay was 3.3 days (IQR 1.7-6.75.1) during Delta, compared with 2.1 days (IQR 1.1-4.53.4) during Omicron (p<0.01). 83 patients (9.7%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, a greater proportion during Delta (20, 17.1%) than Omicron (63, 8.6%, p<0.01). Patients admitted to the ICU were less likely to have received a dose of COVID-19 vaccination prior to admission than patients admitted to the ward (8, 24.2% vs 154, 45.8%, p=0.028). Conclusion: The Omicron wave resulted in an absolute increase in the number of children compared with Delta, but cases had lower severity, demonstrated by shorter length of stay and a smaller proportion of patients requiring intensive care. This is consistent with US and UK data describing a similar pattern.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Australia/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2399-9772
ISSN (online)	2399-9772
DOI	10.1136/bmjpo-2023-001874
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Article ; Online: Post-acute COVID-19 outcomes in children with mild and asymptomatic disease.

Say, Daniela / Crawford, Nigel / McNab, Sarah / Wurzel, Danielle / Steer, Andrew / Tosif, Shidan

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health

2021 Volume 5, Issue 6, Page(s) e22–e23

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Asymptomatic Infections ; COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough/virology ; Fatigue/virology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ISSN	2352-4650
ISSN (online)	2352-4650
DOI	10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00124-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Health of children who experienced Australian immigration detention.

Tosif, Shidan / Graham, Hamish / Kiang, Karen / Laemmle-Ruff, Ingrid / Heenan, Rachel / Smith, Andrea / Volkman, Thomas / Connell, Tom / Paxton, Georgia

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0282798

Abstract: Background: Australian immigration policy resulted in large numbers of children being held in locked detention. We examined the physical and mental health of children and families who experienced immigration detention.: Methods: Retrospective audit ... ...

Abstract	Background: Australian immigration policy resulted in large numbers of children being held in locked detention. We examined the physical and mental health of children and families who experienced immigration detention. Methods: Retrospective audit of medical records of children exposed to immigration detention attending the Royal Children's Hospital Immigrant Health Service, Melbourne, Australia, from January 2012 -December 2021. We extracted data on demographics, detention duration and location, symptoms, physical and mental health diagnoses and care provided. Results: 277 children had directly (n = 239) or indirectly via parents (n = 38) experienced locked detention, including 79 children in families detained on Nauru or Manus Island. Of 239 detained children, 31 were infants born in locked detention. Median duration of locked detention was 12 months (IQR 5-19 months). Children were detained on Nauru/Manus Island (n = 47/239) for a median of 51 (IQR 29-60) months compared to 7 (IQR 4-16) months for those held in Australia/Australian territories (n = 192/239). Overall, 60% (167/277) of children had a nutritional deficiency, and 75% (207/277) had a concern relating to development, including 10% (27/277) with autism spectrum disorder and 9% (26/277) with intellectual disability. 62% (171/277) children had mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression and behavioural disturbances and 54% (150/277) had parents with mental illness. Children and parents detained on Nauru had a significantly higher prevalence of all mental health concerns compared with those held in Australian detention centres. Conclusion: This study provides clinical evidence of adverse impacts of held detention on children's physical and mental health and wellbeing. Policymakers must recognise the consequences of detention, and avoid detaining children and families.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Humans ; Child ; Emigration and Immigration ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Retrospective Studies ; Australia/epidemiology ; Refugees/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0282798
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evidence to Support Oxygen Guidelines for Children with Emergency Signs in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review and Physiological and Mechanistic Analysis.

Tosif, Shidan / Duke, Trevor

Journal of tropical pediatrics

2017 Volume 63, Issue 5, Page(s) 402–413

Abstract: There are currently no evidence-based oxygen saturation targets for treating children with life-threatening conditions. We reviewed evidence of SpO2 targets for oxygen therapy in children with emergency signs as per WHO Emergency Triage Assessment and ... ...

Abstract	There are currently no evidence-based oxygen saturation targets for treating children with life-threatening conditions. We reviewed evidence of SpO2 targets for oxygen therapy in children with emergency signs as per WHO Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment guidelines. We systematically searched for physiological data and international guidelines that would inform a safe approach. Our findings suggest that in children with acute lung disease who do not require resuscitation, a threshold SpO2 for commencing oxygen of 90% will provide adequate oxygen delivery. Although there is no empirical evidence regarding oxygen saturation to target in children with emergency signs from developing countries, a SpO2 of ≥ 94% during resuscitation may help compensate for common situations of reduced oxygen delivery. In children who do not require resuscitation or are stable post resuscitation with only lung disease, a lower limit of SpO2 for commencing oxygen of 90% will provide adequate oxygen delivery and save resources.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Critical Care/standards ; Developing Countries ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans ; Oxygen/blood ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Pediatric Emergency Medicine ; Resuscitation
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	800065-7
ISSN	1465-3664 ; 0449-3281 ; 0142-6338
ISSN (online)	1465-3664
ISSN	0449-3281 ; 0142-6338
DOI	10.1093/tropej/fmw100
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Article ; Online: Health of children who experienced Australian immigration detention

Shidan Tosif / Hamish Graham / Karen Kiang / Ingrid Laemmle-Ruff / Rachel Heenan / Andrea Smith / Thomas Volkman / Tom Connell / Georgia Paxton

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 3

Abstract: Background Australian immigration policy resulted in large numbers of children being held in locked detention. We examined the physical and mental health of children and families who experienced immigration detention. Methods Retrospective audit of ... ...

Abstract	Background Australian immigration policy resulted in large numbers of children being held in locked detention. We examined the physical and mental health of children and families who experienced immigration detention. Methods Retrospective audit of medical records of children exposed to immigration detention attending the Royal Children’s Hospital Immigrant Health Service, Melbourne, Australia, from January 2012 –December 2021. We extracted data on demographics, detention duration and location, symptoms, physical and mental health diagnoses and care provided. Results 277 children had directly (n = 239) or indirectly via parents (n = 38) experienced locked detention, including 79 children in families detained on Nauru or Manus Island. Of 239 detained children, 31 were infants born in locked detention. Median duration of locked detention was 12 months (IQR 5–19 months). Children were detained on Nauru/Manus Island (n = 47/239) for a median of 51 (IQR 29–60) months compared to 7 (IQR 4–16) months for those held in Australia/Australian territories (n = 192/239). Overall, 60% (167/277) of children had a nutritional deficiency, and 75% (207/277) had a concern relating to development, including 10% (27/277) with autism spectrum disorder and 9% (26/277) with intellectual disability. 62% (171/277) children had mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression and behavioural disturbances and 54% (150/277) had parents with mental illness. Children and parents detained on Nauru had a significantly higher prevalence of all mental health concerns compared with those held in Australian detention centres. Conclusion This study provides clinical evidence of adverse impacts of held detention on children’s physical and mental health and wellbeing. Policymakers must recognise the consequences of detention, and avoid detaining children and families.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Health of children who experienced Australian immigration detention.

Shidan Tosif / Hamish Graham / Karen Kiang / Ingrid Laemmle-Ruff / Rachel Heenan / Andrea Smith / Thomas Volkman / Tom Connell / Georgia Paxton

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e

2023 Volume 0282798

Abstract	Background Australian immigration policy resulted in large numbers of children being held in locked detention. We examined the physical and mental health of children and families who experienced immigration detention. Methods Retrospective audit of medical records of children exposed to immigration detention attending the Royal Children's Hospital Immigrant Health Service, Melbourne, Australia, from January 2012 -December 2021. We extracted data on demographics, detention duration and location, symptoms, physical and mental health diagnoses and care provided. Results 277 children had directly (n = 239) or indirectly via parents (n = 38) experienced locked detention, including 79 children in families detained on Nauru or Manus Island. Of 239 detained children, 31 were infants born in locked detention. Median duration of locked detention was 12 months (IQR 5-19 months). Children were detained on Nauru/Manus Island (n = 47/239) for a median of 51 (IQR 29-60) months compared to 7 (IQR 4-16) months for those held in Australia/Australian territories (n = 192/239). Overall, 60% (167/277) of children had a nutritional deficiency, and 75% (207/277) had a concern relating to development, including 10% (27/277) with autism spectrum disorder and 9% (26/277) with intellectual disability. 62% (171/277) children had mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression and behavioural disturbances and 54% (150/277) had parents with mental illness. Children and parents detained on Nauru had a significantly higher prevalence of all mental health concerns compared with those held in Australian detention centres. Conclusion This study provides clinical evidence of adverse impacts of held detention on children's physical and mental health and wellbeing. Policymakers must recognise the consequences of detention, and avoid detaining children and families.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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