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  1. Article ; Online: Complex life cycles drive community assembly through immigration and adaptive diversification.

    Saltini, Marco / Vasconcelos, Paula / Rueffler, Claus

    Ecology letters

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 7, Page(s) 1084–1094

    Abstract: Most animals undergo ontogenetic niche shifts during their life. Yet, standard ecological theory builds on models that ignore this complexity. Here, we study how complex life cycles, where juvenile and adult individuals each feed on different sets of ... ...

    Abstract Most animals undergo ontogenetic niche shifts during their life. Yet, standard ecological theory builds on models that ignore this complexity. Here, we study how complex life cycles, where juvenile and adult individuals each feed on different sets of resources, affect community richness. Two different modes of community assembly are considered: gradual adaptive evolution and immigration of new species with randomly selected phenotypes. We find that under gradual evolution complex life cycles can lead to both higher and lower species richness when compared to a model of species with simple life cycles that lack an ontogenetic niche shift. Thus, complex life cycles do not per se increase the scope for gradual adaptive diversification. However, complex life cycles can lead to significantly higher species richness when communities are assembled trough immigration, as immigrants can occupy isolated peaks of the dynamic fitness landscape that are not accessible via gradual evolution.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Emigration and Immigration ; Life Cycle Stages ; Phenotype ; Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1441608-6
    ISSN 1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
    ISSN (online) 1461-0248
    ISSN 1461-023X
    DOI 10.1111/ele.14216
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  2. Book: Advances in research and control of tuberculosis

    Saltini, C.

    (The European respiratory journal : Supplement ; 20)

    1995  

    Author's details ed. by C. Saltini
    Series title The European respiratory journal : Supplement ; 20
    The European respiratory journal
    The European respiratory journal ; Supplement
    Collection The European respiratory journal
    The European respiratory journal ; Supplement
    Keywords Tuberculosis ; Tuberkulose
    Subject Tbc ; Tuberculosis
    Language English
    Size S. 616s - 718s : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Munksgaard
    Publishing place Copenhagen
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT006799372
    ISBN 87-16-15176-3 ; 978-87-16-15176-6
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Zs A 2322 -Suppl.20- not available for loan Zeitschriften-Lesesaal

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  3. Article: The 2nd AIR meeting--Working together to translate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis research into practice.

    Saltini, C

    Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG

    2013  Volume 30 Suppl 1, Page(s) 5

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1339192-6
    ISSN 1124-0490
    ISSN 1124-0490
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 2076: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: The 2nd AIR meeting--the current context of European IPF research and management.

    Saltini, C

    Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG

    2013  Volume 30 Suppl 1, Page(s) 63–64

    MeSH term(s) Disease Management ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Research
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1339192-6
    ISSN 1124-0490
    ISSN 1124-0490
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  5. Article ; Online: Complex life cycles drive community assembly through immigration and adaptive diversification

    Saltini, Marco / Vasconcelos, Paula / Rueffler, Claus

    Ecology Letters

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 7

    Abstract: Most animals undergo ontogenetic niche shifts during their life. Yet, standard ecological theory builds on models that ignore this complexity. Here, we study how complex life cycles, where juvenile and adult individuals each feed on different sets of ... ...

    Abstract Most animals undergo ontogenetic niche shifts during their life. Yet, standard ecological theory builds on models that ignore this complexity. Here, we study how complex life cycles, where juvenile and adult individuals each feed on different sets of resources, affect community richness. Two different modes of community assembly are considered: gradual adaptive evolution and immigration of new species with randomly selected phenotypes. We find that under gradual evolution complex life cycles can lead to both higher and lower species richness when compared to a model of species with simple life cycles that lack an ontogenetic niche shift. Thus, complex life cycles do not per se increase the scope for gradual adaptive diversification. However, complex life cycles can lead to significantly higher species richness when communities are assembled trough immigration, as immigrants can occupy isolated peaks of the dynamic fitness landscape that are not accessible via gradual evolution.
    Keywords adaptive dynamics ; coexistence ; evolutionary branching ; immigration ; ontogenetic niche shift
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1441608-6
    ISSN 1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
    ISSN (online) 1461-0248
    ISSN 1461-023X
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  6. Article ; Online: The role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: Recent evolution and open questions.

    Deltenre, Pierre / Zanetto, Alberto / Saltini, Dario / Moreno, Christophe / Schepis, Filippo

    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

    2022  Volume 77, Issue 2, Page(s) 640–658

    Abstract: In selected patients with cirrhosis and ascites, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement improves control of ascites and may reduce mortality. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the use of TIPS for the ... ...

    Abstract In selected patients with cirrhosis and ascites, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement improves control of ascites and may reduce mortality. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the use of TIPS for the treatment of ascites in patients with cirrhosis, from pathophysiology of ascites formation to hemodynamic consequences, patient selection, and technical issues of TIPS insertion. The combination of these factors is important to guide clinical decision-making and identify the best strategy for each individual patient. There is still a need to identify the best timing for TIPS placement in the natural history of ascites (recurrent vs. refractory) as well as which type and level of renal dysfunction is acceptable when TIPS is proposed for the treatment of ascites in cirrhosis. Future studies are needed to define the optimal stent diameter according to patient characteristics and individual risk of shunt-related side effects, particularly hepatic encephalopathy and insufficient cardiac response to hemodynamic consequences of TIPS insertion.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic/adverse effects ; Ascites/etiology ; Ascites/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Liver Cirrhosis/surgery ; Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604603-4
    ISSN 1527-3350 ; 0270-9139
    ISSN (online) 1527-3350
    ISSN 0270-9139
    DOI 10.1002/hep.32596
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  7. Article: Lung microhaemorrhage drives oxidative/inflammatory damage in α

    Saltini, Cesare / Mohammad, Naweed / Xin, Yan / Alvarado, Rodolfo / Ghio, Andrew J / Moneypenny, Craig G / Riva, Alberto / Fu, Dongtao / Flagg, Tammy / Saltini, Giovanni F A / Arisi, Ivan / Fredenburg, Kristianna M / Zhang, Yang / Lascano, Jorge E / Brantly, Mark

    ERJ open research

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 3

    Abstract: Background: Animal models using intratracheal instillation show that elastase, unopposed by α: Methods: BAL samples (17 patients, 15 controls) were evaluated for free haem (iron protoporphyrin IX) and total iron concentrations. Alveolar macrophage ... ...

    Abstract Background: Animal models using intratracheal instillation show that elastase, unopposed by α
    Methods: BAL samples (17 patients, 15 controls) were evaluated for free haem (iron protoporphyrin IX) and total iron concentrations. Alveolar macrophage activation patterns were assessed using RNA sequencing and validated
    Results: BAL collected from AATD patients showed significantly elevated free haem and total iron concentrations. Alveolar and interstitial macrophages in AATD explants showed elevated iron and ferritin accumulation in large lysosomes packed by iron oxide cores with degraded ferritin protein cages. BAL macrophage RNA sequencing showed innate pro-inflammatory activation, replicated
    Conclusions: BAL and tissue markers of alveolar haemorrhage, together with molecular and cellular evidence of macrophage innate pro-inflammatory activation and oxidative damage, are consistent with free haem stimulation. Overall, this initial study provides evidence for a pathogenetic role of elastase-induced alveolar haemorrhage in AATD emphysema.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2827830-6
    ISSN 2312-0541
    ISSN 2312-0541
    DOI 10.1183/23120541.00662-2022
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  8. Article: Increase in invasive group A streptococcal infections in Milan, Italy: a genomic and clinical characterization.

    Mangioni, Davide / Fox, Valeria / Saltini, Paola / Lombardi, Andrea / Bussini, Linda / Carella, Francesco / Cariani, Lisa / Comelli, Agnese / Matinato, Caterina / Muscatello, Antonio / Teri, Antonio / Terranova, Leonardo / Cento, Valeria / Carloni, Sara / Bartoletti, Michele / Alteri, Claudia / Bandera, Alessandra

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2024  Volume 14, Page(s) 1287522

    Abstract: Background: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes multiple clinical manifestations, including invasive (iGAS) or even life-threatening (severe-iGAS) infections. After the drop in cases during COVID-19 pandemic, in 2022 a sharp increase of GAS was reported ... ...

    Abstract Background: Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes multiple clinical manifestations, including invasive (iGAS) or even life-threatening (severe-iGAS) infections. After the drop in cases during COVID-19 pandemic, in 2022 a sharp increase of GAS was reported globally.
    Methods: GAS strains collected in 09/2022-03/2023 in two university hospitals in Milan, Italy were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical/epidemiological data were combined with whole-genome sequencing to: (i) define resistome/virulome, (ii) identify putative transmission chains, (iii) explore associations between
    Results: Twenty-eight isolates were available, 19/28 (67.9%) from adults and 9/28 (32.1%) from pediatric population. The criteria for iGAS were met by 19/28 cases (67.9%), of which 11/19 (39.3%) met the further criteria for severe-iGAS. Pediatric cases were mainly non-invasive infections (8/9, 88.9%), adult cases were iGAS and severe-iGAS in 18/19 (94.7%) and 10/19 (52.6%), respectively. Thirteen
    Conclusions: This study showed that multiple
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287522
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  9. Article: Schedule or dosage? The need to perfect intermittent regimens for tuberculosis.

    Saltini, Cesare

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2006  Volume 174, Issue 10, Page(s) 1067–1068

    MeSH term(s) Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Rifampin/administration & dosage ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Antitubercular Agents ; Rifampin (VJT6J7R4TR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-11-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 1073-449X ; 0003-0805
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 1073-449X ; 0003-0805
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.200608-1194ED
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  10. Article: Chemotherapy and diagnosis of tuberculosis.

    Saltini, Cesare

    Respiratory medicine

    2006  Volume 100, Issue 12, Page(s) 2085–2097

    Abstract: Since after the first streptomycin 1944 trials, anti-tuberculous chemotherapy research has been focused upon establishing drug combination regimens capable of overcoming drug resistance and amenable to ambulatory treatment in resource strapped countries. ...

    Abstract Since after the first streptomycin 1944 trials, anti-tuberculous chemotherapy research has been focused upon establishing drug combination regimens capable of overcoming drug resistance and amenable to ambulatory treatment in resource strapped countries. The first milestone being the 1959 Madras trial comparing home and sanatorium treatment in South India. Subsequently, the MRC trials led Fox and Mitchison to indicate rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide as the first line drugs for short course, 6 month, regimens and the 1982 Hong Kong Chest Service trials established intermittent therapy as the ambulatory treatment standard for directly observed therapy (DOT). The rising of the HIV epidemic at the beginning of the 1980s has refuelled tuberculosis spread in Africa and Asia and contributed to the expansion of drug-resistant tuberculosis worldwide making the development of new drugs and drug regimens for ambulatory treatment a top priority. Led by biotechnological advances, molecular biology has been brought into TB laboratory diagnosis for the highly sensitive and specific rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in biological samples. The field of immunological diagnosis of TB infection, dominated since the early 1900s by the intradermal tuberculin reaction has been put back in motion by the discovery of M. tuberculosis-specific proteins and peptides, now employed in blood tests of high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of latent TB which may help with the identification of contacts at higher risk of active disease and the eradication of epidemic cases.
    MeSH term(s) Ambulatory Care/methods ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular/history ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology ; Antitubercular Agents/history ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; HIV Infections/complications ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed/complications ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed/diagnosis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Rifampin/therapeutic use ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/history ; Tuberculosis/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibiotics, Antitubercular ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; Antitubercular Agents ; Rifampin (VJT6J7R4TR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1003348-8
    ISSN 1532-3064 ; 0954-6111
    ISSN (online) 1532-3064
    ISSN 0954-6111
    DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.09.015
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