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  1. Article ; Online: Lower Limb Soft Tissue Mass in a Newborn.

    Beverstock, Andrew / Glynn, Loretto / Noyola, Estela

    Pediatrics in review

    2023  Volume 44, Issue 5, Page(s) 280–282

    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Lower Extremity/injuries ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 774515-1
    ISSN 1526-3347 ; 0191-9601
    ISSN (online) 1526-3347
    ISSN 0191-9601
    DOI 10.1542/pir.2021-005200
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Endocan: A biomarker for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, linking maternal obesity and pediatric obesity in a cohort of preterm neonates.

    Holthaus, E / O'Neill, M / Jeske, W / DeChristopher, P / Goodman, J / Glynn, L / Levin, S / Muraskas, J

    European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

    2024  Volume 297, Page(s) 132–137

    Abstract: ... compared to neonates born to non-obese mothers (299 ng/L [205-586] vs. 251 ng/L [164-339], p = 0.045 ... between 24 and 36 months (obese vs. non-obese offspring; 574 ng/L (222) vs. 321 ng/L (166), p = 0.005 ...

    Abstract Objectives: Numerous animal and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a positive association between maternal obesity in pregnancy and obesity in offspring. The biologic mechanisms of this association remain under investigation. One proposed mechanism includes fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction secondary to inflammation. Endocan is a relatively new biomarker for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Our objectives were to examine (1) the association between maternal obesity and neonatal serum endocan at birth, and (2) the association between neonatal serum endocan at birth and pediatric obesity at 24-36 months of age.
    Study design: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of neonates born < 33 weeks gestation. Serum endocan was collected within 48 hours of birth. Serum endocan levels were compared in neonates born to obese mothers vs. those born to non-obese mothers. BMI data were retrospectively collected from cohort neonates between 24 and 36 months of age.
    Results: The analysis included 120 mother/neonate dyads. Neonates born to obese mothers had higher median serum endocan at birth compared to neonates born to non-obese mothers (299 ng/L [205-586] vs. 251 ng/L [164-339], p = 0.045). In a linear regression modeled on neonatal serum endocan level, maternal obesity had a statistically significant positive association (p = 0.021). Higher mean serum endocan level at birth was associated with pediatric obesity between 24 and 36 months (obese vs. non-obese offspring; 574 ng/L (222) vs. 321 ng/L (166), p = 0.005).
    Conclusions: In our cohort of preterm neonates, elevated serum endocan at birth was associated with both maternal obesity and downstream pediatric obesity. More research is needed to understand intergenerational transmission of obesity. A large focus has been on epigenetic modification. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation may play important roles in these pathways. Effective biomarkers, including endocan, may also serve as intermediate outcomes in future pregnancy research.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-12
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 190605-7
    ISSN 1872-7654 ; 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
    ISSN (online) 1872-7654
    ISSN 0301-2115 ; 0028-2243
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.04.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Submersion with grommets: contamination is possible at minimal depth, as demonstrated with a novel middle-ear model.

    Farrell, E / Gendre, A / Viani, L / Glynn, F / Walshe, P

    The Journal of laryngology and otology

    2022  Volume 136, Issue 7, Page(s) 632–634

    Abstract: Objective: Advice to patients following grommet insertion and waterproofing can vary from clinician to clinician. A laboratory based experiment was performed to determine at what depth water contamination would occur through various grommet tubes.: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Advice to patients following grommet insertion and waterproofing can vary from clinician to clinician. A laboratory based experiment was performed to determine at what depth water contamination would occur through various grommet tubes.
    Methods: A novel experimental ear model was developed using an artificial tympanic membrane and ventilation tubes. Water contamination was identified using an effervescent solid that reacts when in contact with water. Measures of dispersion were used to describe the results.
    Results: The average depth of water contamination was: 19.64 mm (range = 11-33 mm, standard deviation = 5.55 mm) using a Shepard grommet; 20.84 mm (range = 18-26 mm, standard deviation = 1.97 mm) with a titanium grommet; and 21.36 mm (range = 18-33 mm, standard deviation = 3.03 mm) using a T-tube. Water contamination was possible at depths of 11-33 mm. The average pressure at water effervescent activation was 0.20 kPa.
    Conclusion: Submersion underwater at any depth with grommets is likely to lead to middle-ear contamination. These findings are concordant with clinical studies.
    MeSH term(s) Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Immersion ; Middle Ear Ventilation/methods ; Tympanic Membrane ; Water
    Chemical Substances Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218299-3
    ISSN 1748-5460 ; 0022-2151
    ISSN (online) 1748-5460
    ISSN 0022-2151
    DOI 10.1017/S0022215121004424
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Feather mercury concentrations in omnivorous and granivorous terrestrial songbirds in Southeast Michigan.

    Bajracharya, Saria Sato / Zahor, Dorothy L / Glynn, Kenneth J / Gratz, Lynne E / Cornelius, Jamie M

    Ecotoxicology (London, England)

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 797–807

    Abstract: Sublethal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) can have consequences for the reproductive, neurological, and physiological health of birds. Songbirds, regardless of trophic position, are often exposed to mercury (Hg) and may be at risk for health effects - ... ...

    Abstract Sublethal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) can have consequences for the reproductive, neurological, and physiological health of birds. Songbirds, regardless of trophic position, are often exposed to mercury (Hg) and may be at risk for health effects - especially if they inhabit a place that is subject to high Hg atmospheric deposition and/or have local conditions that are prone to methylation. This study investigates Hg concentrations in terrestrial songbirds of Southeast Michigan, where historical and present-day anthropogenic emissions of heavy metals are elevated. We collected tail feather samples from 223 songbirds across four different species during summer and fall of 2018 and 2019. The mean (±SE) Hg concentration across all samples was 103 ± 3.43 ng/g of dry feather weight. Mercury concentration varied significantly among species, and by age and site in some species, but not by sex. Mean concentrations were nearly seven times higher in two omnivore species, American robin (Turdus migratorius) and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris), than in the two granivore species, American goldfinch (Spinus tristus) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Juveniles had higher feather Hg concentrations than adults in all species except American goldfinches - which feed their young primarily seeds, further supporting a role of diet in exposure. We also found a negative correlation between Hg concentration and body condition in American robins, but further research is needed to verify this relationship. While our sample concentrations do not exceed the threshold for sublethal effects, our findings provide insight into the patterns of Hg concentrations in terrestrial songbirds, which may help in understanding Hg exposure pathways, bioaccumulation and risks in terrestrial species.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Environmental Monitoring ; Feathers/chemistry ; Finches ; Mercury/analysis ; Michigan
    Chemical Substances Mercury (FXS1BY2PGL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 34042-x
    ISSN 1573-3017 ; 0963-9292
    ISSN (online) 1573-3017
    ISSN 0963-9292
    DOI 10.1007/s10646-022-02545-3
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  5. Article ; Online: Syndecan-1 Level, a Marker of Endothelial Glycocalyx Degradation, Is Associated With Fetal Exposure to Chorioamnionitis and Is a Potential Biomarker for Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis.

    O'Neil, Michaela / Demeulenaere, Sasha K / DeChristopher, Phillip J / Holthaus, Emily / Jeske, Walter / Glynn, Loretto / Husain, Aliya / Muraskas, Jonathan

    Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society

    2024  , Page(s) 10935266241235504

    Abstract: The goal of this investigation was to identify the association between Syndecan-1 (S1) serum levels in preterm newborns exposed to chorioamnionitis (CA) in utero and the potential of S1 as a biomarker of early-onset neonatal sepsis. A cohort of preterm ... ...

    Abstract The goal of this investigation was to identify the association between Syndecan-1 (S1) serum levels in preterm newborns exposed to chorioamnionitis (CA) in utero and the potential of S1 as a biomarker of early-onset neonatal sepsis. A cohort of preterm newborns born <33 weeks gestational age was recruited. Within 48 hours of birth, 0.5 mL of blood was drawn to obtain S1 levels, measured via ELISA. Placentas were examined and classified as having (1) no CA, (2) CA without umbilical cord involvement, or (3) CA with inflammation of the umbilical cord (funisitis). S1 levels were compared between preterm newborns without exposure to CA verus newborns with exposure to CA (including with and without funisitis). Preterm newborns exposed to CA were found to have significantly elevated S1 levels compared to those unexposed. Although S1 levels could not differentiate fetal exposure to CA from exposure to CA with funisitis, the combined CA groups had significantly higher S1 levels compared to those not exposed to CA. S1 level has the potential to become a clinically useful biomarker that could assist in the management of mothers and preterm newborns with CA and funisitis. Furthermore, S1 level could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of early-onset neonatal sepsis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1463498-3
    ISSN 1615-5742 ; 1093-5266
    ISSN (online) 1615-5742
    ISSN 1093-5266
    DOI 10.1177/10935266241235504
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: The availability of general practice in Ireland's Mid-West Region: does the 'Inverse Care Law' still apply?

    Retief, Petrus Jacobus / Harbour, Eric / Glynn, Liam / Casey, Monica / O'Callaghan, Mike

    Rural and remote health

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 8127

    Abstract: Introduction: The 'Inverse Care Law' suggests the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the needs of the local population. Dr Julian Tudor Hart's observations related to lack of access to care for those in both socially deprived ...

    Abstract Introduction: The 'Inverse Care Law' suggests the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the needs of the local population. Dr Julian Tudor Hart's observations related to lack of access to care for those in both socially deprived and geographically remote areas. In this study, we aim to examine if the 'Inverse Care Law' is still relevant to GP service provision in the Mid-West of Ireland.
    Methods: GP clinic locations in Limerick and Clare were identified using the Health Service Executive (HSE) Service Finder and geocoded. GeoHive.ie was used to determine Electoral District (ED) centroids across the Mid-West. The shortest linear distance to a GP clinic was calculated for each ED. PobalMaps.ie was used to determine population and social deprivation scores of each ED.
    Results: In total, 122 GP practices were identified across 324 EDs. The average travel distance to a GP clinic in the Mid-West is 4.7 km. Limerick City EDs had the smallest patient population per GP clinic and were all found to be within 1.5 km of a GP clinic. Proximity to GP clinics did not correlate with deprivation. However, by removing GP clinics from the analyses, it was possible to determine how vulnerable different areas (rural vs urban, deprived vs affluent) are to potential changes in GP clinic availability in the future.
    Discussion: People living in urban areas such a Limerick City have improved geographic accessibility to GP clinics compared with their rural counterparts. However, within urban areas assessed, GP clinics were rarely found in deprived areas. Therefore, remote and urban-deprived areas are far more vulnerable to negative proximity effects secondary to practice closures, suggesting the principles of the 'Inverse Care Law' may still be active in the Mid-West of Ireland.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Family Practice ; General Practice ; Health Services Accessibility ; Ireland ; Travel
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-10
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2105620-1
    ISSN 1445-6354 ; 1445-6354
    ISSN (online) 1445-6354
    ISSN 1445-6354
    DOI 10.22605/RRH8127
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  7. Article ; Online: Age Is Associated With Dampened Circadian Patterns of Rest and Activity: The Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA).

    Erickson, Melissa L / Blackwell, Terri L / Mau, Theresa / Cawthon, Peggy M / Glynn, Nancy W / Qiao, Yujia Susanna / Cummings, Steven R / Coen, Paul M / Lane, Nancy E / Kritchevsky, Stephen B / Newman, Anne B / Farsijani, Samaneh / Esser, Karyn A

    The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

    2024  Volume 79, Issue 4

    Abstract: Background: The effects of aging on circadian patterns of behavior are insufficiently described. To address this, we characterized age-specific features of rest-activity rhythms (RAR) in community-dwelling older adults both overall, and in relation, to ... ...

    Abstract Background: The effects of aging on circadian patterns of behavior are insufficiently described. To address this, we characterized age-specific features of rest-activity rhythms (RAR) in community-dwelling older adults both overall, and in relation, to sociodemographic characteristics.
    Methods: We examined cross-sectional associations between RAR and age, sex, race, education, multimorbidity burden, financial, work, martial, health, and smoking status using assessments of older adults with wrist-worn free-living actigraphy data (N = 820, age = 76.4 years, 58.2% women) participating in the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA). RAR parameters were determined by mapping an extension to the traditional cosine curve to activity data. Functional principal component analysis determined variables accounting for variance.
    Results: Age was associated with several metrics of dampened RAR; women had stronger and more robust RAR versus men (all p < .05). Total activity (56%) and time of activity (20%) accounted for most of the RAR variance. Compared to the latest decile of acrophase, those in the earliest decile had higher average amplitude (p < .001). Compared to the latest decile of acrophase, those in the earliest and midrange categories had more total activity (p = .02). Being in a married-like relationship and a more stable financial situation were associated with stronger rhythms; higher education was associated with less rhythm strength (all p < .05).
    Conclusions: Older age was associated with dampened circadian behavior; behaviors were sexually dimorphic. Some sociodemographic characteristics were associated with circadian behavior. We identified a behavioral phenotype characterized by early time of day of peak activity, high rhythmic amplitude, and more total activity.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Rest/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Aging/physiology ; Actigraphy ; Muscles ; Sleep/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1223643-3
    ISSN 1758-535X ; 1079-5006
    ISSN (online) 1758-535X
    ISSN 1079-5006
    DOI 10.1093/gerona/glae049
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  8. Article ; Online: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in a Prospective Multicenter Cohort of Older Adults.

    Wolf, Cody / Blackwell, Terri L / Johnson, Eileen / Glynn, Nancy W / Nicklas, Barbara / Kritchevsky, Stephen B / Carnero, Elvis A / Cawthon, Peggy M / Cummings, Steven R / Toledo, Frederico G S / Newman, Anne B / Forman, Daniel E / Goodpaster, Bret H

    Medicine and science in sports and exercise

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 peak) declines with aging and correlates with mortality and morbidity. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) is the criterion method to assess CRF, but its feasibility, ...

    Abstract Purpose: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured by peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 peak) declines with aging and correlates with mortality and morbidity. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) is the criterion method to assess CRF, but its feasibility, validity and reliability in older adults is unclear. Our objective was to design and implement a dependable, safe and reliable CPET protocol in older adults.
    Methods: VO 2 peak was measured by CPET, performed using treadmill exercise in 875 adults ≥70 years in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). The protocol included a symptom-limited peak (maximal) exercise and two submaximal walking speeds. An adjudication process was in place to review tests for validity if they met any prespecified criteria [VO 2 peak < 12.0 ml/kg/min; maximum heart rate (HR) <100 bpm; respiratory exchange ratio (RER) <1.05 and a rating of perceived exertion <15]. A subset (N = 30) performed a repeat test to assess reproducibility.
    Results: CPET was safe and well tolerated, with 95.8% of participants able to complete the VO 2 peak phase of the protocol. Only 56 (6.4%) participants had a risk alert and only two adverse events occurred: a fall and atrial fibrillation. Mean ± SD VO 2 peak was 20.2 ± 4.8 mL/kg/min, peak HR 142 ± 18 bpm, and peak RER 1.14 ± 0.09. Adjudication was indicated in 47 tests; 20 were evaluated as valid, 27 as invalid (18 data collection errors, 9 did not reach VO 2 peak). Reproducibility of VO 2 peak was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97).
    Conclusions: CPET was feasible, effective and safe for older adults, including many with multimorbidity or frailty. These data support a broader implementation of CPET to provide insight into the role of CRF and its underlying determinants of aging and age-related conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603994-7
    ISSN 1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    ISSN (online) 1530-0315
    ISSN 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    DOI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003444
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  9. Article ; Online: Hospital outbreak of Carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii in the context of local facility transmission.

    Darwish, Malik M / Catalan, Marinell I / Wilson, Timothy / McGlynn, Colin C / Suhd-Brondstatter, Jennifer / Dow, Allison L / Kingsley, Amy / Reilly, Mary E / Cohen, Stuart H / Desai, Angel N

    American journal of infection control

    2024  

    Abstract: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are of increasing concern in the health care setting. We describe a cluster of 9 cases in hospitalized patients over a 3-month period that reflected ongoing community transmission from high-risk facilities. ... ...

    Abstract Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are of increasing concern in the health care setting. We describe a cluster of 9 cases in hospitalized patients over a 3-month period that reflected ongoing community transmission from high-risk facilities. Robust surveillance and knowledge of local epidemiology are critical to mitigating onward transmission in the health care setting.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 392362-9
    ISSN 1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
    ISSN (online) 1527-3296
    ISSN 0196-6553
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.01.011
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  10. Article ; Online: A Novel Psychosocial Intervention for Motivational Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Combined Motivational Interviewing and CBT.

    Reddy, L Felice / Glynn, Shirley M / McGovern, Jessica E / Sugar, Catherine A / Reavis, Eric A / Green, Michael F

    The American journal of psychiatry

    2023  Volume 180, Issue 5, Page(s) 367–376

    Abstract: Objective: Negative symptoms are a primary cause of disability in schizophrenia for which there are no established pharmacotherapies. This study evaluated a novel psychosocial intervention that combined two evidence-based practices-motivational ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Negative symptoms are a primary cause of disability in schizophrenia for which there are no established pharmacotherapies. This study evaluated a novel psychosocial intervention that combined two evidence-based practices-motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral therapy (MI-CBT)-for the treatment of motivational negative symptoms.
    Methods: Seventy-nine participants with schizophrenia and moderate to severe negative symptoms were included in a randomized controlled trial comparing the 12-session MI-CBT treatment with a mindfulness control condition. Participants were assessed at three time points through the study period, which included 12 weeks of active treatment and 12 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome measures were motivational negative symptoms and community functioning; the secondary outcomes included a posited biomarker of negative symptoms: pupillometric response to cognitive effort.
    Results: Compared with the control group, participants in the MI-CBT group showed significantly greater improvements in motivational negative symptoms over the acute treatment period. Their gains relative to baseline were maintained at follow-up, although the differential benefit relative to control subjects was attenuated. There were nonsignificant effects toward improvements in community functioning and differential change in the pupillometric markers of cognitive effort.
    Conclusions: The results show that combining motivational interviewing with CBT yields improvements in negative symptoms, a feature of schizophrenia generally thought of as resistant to intervention. Motivational negative symptoms not only responded to the novel treatment, but the gains were maintained over the follow-up period. Implications for future studies and for improving the generalization of the negative symptom gains to daily functioning domains are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Motivational Interviewing/methods ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Psychosocial Intervention ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Mindfulness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 280045-7
    ISSN 1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
    ISSN (online) 1535-7228
    ISSN 0002-953X
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.20220243
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