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Article: The effect on blink frequency of a selective blue-filtering photochromic lens in patients with benign essential blepharospasm.

Monschein, Tobias / Zrzavy, Tobias / Weber, Corinna / Kuzmina, Zoya / Gutstein, Walter / Sycha, Thomas

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1301947

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this clinical study was to assess the impact of a non-invasive selective blue-filtering photochromic lens coating Crizal Prevencia on the treatment and response of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB).: Patients and methods: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this clinical study was to assess the impact of a non-invasive selective blue-filtering photochromic lens coating Crizal Prevencia on the treatment and response of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB). Patients and methods: Twenty-four patients were recruited in the outpatient clinic of the Medical University of Vienna in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study design. Blink frequencies were assessed in patients with BEB before and 14 days after intervention with either a filtering ophthalmic lens or a placebo lens, respectively. Outcome parameters include sub-group analysis of a blink frequency under six different conditions: three photopic conditions, one resting condition, one reading condition, and one video game condition. Results: From 24 recruited patients, 15 patients were available for final analysis. Comparing the optical blue filtering lens to placebo, showed a reduced blink frequency in specific subtests, but not compared to baseline. Discussion: In conclusion, optical filtering glasses might have a beneficial effect on BEB and provide a non-invasive therapeutic add-on option, in addition to botulinum neurotoxin therapy, for patients with BEB and should necessarily be further investigated in a multicenter setting, resulting in larger sample sizes to gain valid information about the effect of photochromic blue filter glasses in BEB.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2023.1301947
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Article ; Online: No Association of Multiple Sclerosis with

König, Theresa / Leutmezer, Fritz / Berger, Thomas / Zimprich, Alexander / Schmied, Christiane / Stögmann, Elisabeth / Zrzavy, Tobias

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 14

Abstract: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system that affects young adults and is characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Recent studies have ... ...

Abstract	Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system that affects young adults and is characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Recent studies have associated
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics ; Austria ; C9orf72 Protein/genetics ; Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics ; Multiple Sclerosis/genetics ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/genetics ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	C9orf72 Protein ; C9orf72 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms241411254
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Article ; Online: Clinical scales in autoimmune encephalitis-A retrospective monocentric cohort study.

Macher, Stefan / Bsteh, Gabriel / Höftberger, Romana / Berger, Thomas / Rommer, Paulus / Zrzavy, Tobias

Annals of clinical and translational neurology

2023 Volume 10, Issue 10, Page(s) 1768–1775

Abstract: Objective: Assessing severity of antibody-mediated encephalitis (AE) or paraneoplastic encephalitis (PE) requires valid and reliable scores to guide treatment decisions and predict outcome both in clinical routine and studies. We aimed to validate the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Assessing severity of antibody-mediated encephalitis (AE) or paraneoplastic encephalitis (PE) requires valid and reliable scores to guide treatment decisions and predict outcome both in clinical routine and studies. We aimed to validate the prognostic value of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) and the anti-NMDAR-encephalitis one-year functional status (NEOS) score in patients suffering from AE and PE in a large monocentric cohort. Methods: We retrospectively applied the CASE and NEOS score to patients with definite AE and PE treated at a tertiary hospital. Correlations were established between the CASE and NEOS score and the modified Rankin scale (mRs). Multivariable analyses were calculated to identify predictors of outcome. Results: Thirty-four patients (27 AE, 7 PE) were included. Correlations between mRS and CASE score were strongest in patients with AE compared to PE at all intervals, but in the subgroups (LGI1, NMDAR, GAD, miscellaneous surface antibodies, PE) the correlation was strongest in the interval after baseline. Patients with AE seemed to display better outcomes compared to PE, which was underlined by multivariable analysis. Improvement was mostly observed within 6-12 months after disease onset, after which little or no further improvement was noted with some exception for two patients with anti-NMDARE who recovered substantially even after 12 months of treatment. The NEOS score significantly predicted the outcome at last follow-up in patients with AE with a sensitivity of 79% at a cut-off value of 2 points (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.58-0.99, p = 0.04). Interpretation: The CASE and NEOS score are suitable supplementary tools in addition to the mRS for capturing diverse symptoms, for grading and monitoring symptom severity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Hashimoto Disease/diagnosis ; Hashimoto Disease/drug therapy ; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/diagnosis ; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2740696-9
ISSN	2328-9503 ; 2328-9503
ISSN (online)	2328-9503
ISSN	2328-9503
DOI	10.1002/acn3.51865
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Article ; Online: Correction: Real-world use of natalizumab in Austria: data from the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Registry (AMSTR).

Monschein, Tobias / Dekany, Sarinah / Zrzavy, Tobias / Ponleitner, Markus / Altmann, Patrick / Bsteh, Gabriel / Kornek, Barbara / Rommer, Paulus / Enzinger, Christian / Di Pauli, Franziska / Kraus, Jörg / Berger, Thomas / Leutmezer, Fritz / Guger, Michael

Journal of neurology

2023 Volume 270, Issue 8, Page(s) 3787

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-023-11784-1
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Article: Immunosenescence in Neurological Diseases-Is There Enough Evidence?

Rommer, Paulus S / Bsteh, Gabriel / Zrzavy, Tobias / Hoeftberger, Romana / Berger, Thomas

Biomedicines

2022 Volume 10, Issue 11

Abstract: The aging of the immune system has recently attracted a lot of attention. Immune senescence describes changes that the immune system undergoes over time. The importance of immune senescence in neurological diseases is increasingly discussed. For this ... ...

Abstract	The aging of the immune system has recently attracted a lot of attention. Immune senescence describes changes that the immune system undergoes over time. The importance of immune senescence in neurological diseases is increasingly discussed. For this review, we considered studies that investigated cellular changes in the aging immune system and in neurological disease. Twenty-six studies were included in our analysis (for the following diseases: multiple sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, and dementia). The studies differed considerably in terms of the patient groups included and the cell types studied. Evidence for immunosenescence in neurological diseases is currently very limited. Prospective studies in well-defined patient groups with appropriate control groups, as well as comprehensive methodology and reporting, are essential prerequisites to generate clear insights into immunosenescence in neurological diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720867-9
ISSN	2227-9059
ISSN	2227-9059
DOI	10.3390/biomedicines10112864
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Article ; Online: Real-world use of natalizumab in Austria: data from the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Registry (AMSTR).

Journal of neurology

2023 Volume 270, Issue 8, Page(s) 3779–3786

Abstract: Introduction: With the approval of natalizumab in Europe in 2006, the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Registry (AMSTR) was established. Here, we present data from this registry about effectiveness and safety of natalizumab in patients treated up to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: With the approval of natalizumab in Europe in 2006, the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Registry (AMSTR) was established. Here, we present data from this registry about effectiveness and safety of natalizumab in patients treated up to 14 years. Patients/methods: Data retrieved from the AMSTR contained baseline characteristics and biannual documentation of annualised relapse rate (ARR) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score as well as adverse events and reasons for discontinuation on follow-up visits. Results: A total of 1596 natalizumab patients (71% women, n = 1133) were included in the analysis and the observed treatment duration ranged from 0 to 164 months (13.6 years). The mean ARR was 2.0 (SD = 1.13) at baseline, decreasing to 0.16 after 1 year and 0.01 after 10 years. A total of 325 patients (21.6%) converted to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) during the observational period. Of 1502 patients, 1297 (86.4%) reported no adverse events (AE) during follow-up visits. The most common reported AEs were infections and infusion-related reactions. John Cunningham virus (JCV) seropositivity was the most common specified reason for treatment discontinuation (53.7%, n = 607). There were five confirmed cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) with 1 death. Conclusion: The effectiveness of natalizumab in patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) could be confirmed in our real-world cohort even after follow-up of up to 14 years, though after year 10, there were less than 100 remaining patients. A low number of AE were reported in this nationwide registry study, establishing Natalizumab's favourable safety profile during long-term use.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Natalizumab/adverse effects ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Multiple Sclerosis/chemically induced ; Austria/epidemiology ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/epidemiology ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/chemically induced ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal ; Registries ; Immunologic Factors/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Natalizumab ; Immunologic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-023-11686-2
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Article ; Online: Immunology of COVID-19 and disease-modifying therapies: The good, the bad and the unknown.

Zrzavy, Tobias / Wimmer, Isabella / Rommer, Paulus S / Berger, Thomas

European journal of neurology

2020 Volume 28, Issue 10, Page(s) 3503–3516

Abstract: Objective: The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, caused by a previously unknown infectious agent, posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems and unmasked their vulnerability and limitations worldwide. Patients with long-term ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, caused by a previously unknown infectious agent, posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems and unmasked their vulnerability and limitations worldwide. Patients with long-term immunomodulatory/suppressive therapies, as well as their physicians, were and are concerned about balancing the risk of infection and effects of disease-modifying therapy. Over the last few months, knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 has been growing tremendously, and the first experiences of infections in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have been reported. Methods: This review summarizes the currently still limited knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 immunology and the commonly agreed modes of action of approved drugs in immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system (MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder). Specifically, we discuss whether immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory drugs may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and, conversely, may decrease the severity of a COVID-19 disease course. Results: At present, it can be recommended in general that none of those therapies with a definite indication needs to be stopped per se. A possibly increased risk of infection for most medications is accompanied by the possibility to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Conclusions: Despite the knowledge gain over the last few months, current evidence remains limited, and, thus, further clinical vigilance and systematic documentation is essential.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Neuromyelitis Optica/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1280785-0
ISSN	1468-1331 ; 1351-5101 ; 1471-0552
ISSN (online)	1468-1331
ISSN	1351-5101 ; 1471-0552
DOI	10.1111/ene.14578
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Article ; Online: Immunosenescence in Neurological Diseases—Is There Enough Evidence?

Paulus S Rommer / Gabriel Bsteh / Tobias Zrzavy / Romana Hoeftberger / Thomas Berger

Biomedicines, Vol 10, Iss 2864, p

2022 Volume 2864

Abstract	The aging of the immune system has recently attracted a lot of attention. Immune senescence describes changes that the immune system undergoes over time. The importance of immune senescence in neurological diseases is increasingly discussed. For this review, we considered studies that investigated cellular changes in the aging immune system and in neurological disease. Twenty-six studies were included in our analysis (for the following diseases: multiple sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and dementia). The studies differed considerably in terms of the patient groups included and the cell types studied. Evidence for immunosenescence in neurological diseases is currently very limited. Prospective studies in well-defined patient groups with appropriate control groups, as well as comprehensive methodology and reporting, are essential prerequisites to generate clear insights into immunosenescence in neurological diseases.
Keywords	immunosenescence ; aging immune system ; neurological disorders ; multiple sclerosis ; stroke ; Parkinson’s disease ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Die Corona-Pandemie und Multiple Sklerose: Impfungen und deren Implikationen für Patienten – Teil 2: Impfstofftechnologien.

Monschein, Tobias / Zrzavy, Tobias / Löbermann, Micha / Winkelmann, Alexander / Berger, Thomas / Rommer, Paulus / Hartung, Hans-Peter / Zettl, Uwe K

Der Nervenarzt

2021 Volume 92, Issue 12, Page(s) 1283–1292

Abstract: Along with the challenges posed by the globally circulating COVID-19 pandemic, there have been some epochal advances in the field of vaccine technologies. In addition to the traditionally used dead, live and protein-based vaccines, vector-based and gene- ... ...

Title translation	The corona pandemic and multiple sclerosis: vaccinations and their implications for patients-Part 2: vaccine technologies.
Abstract	Along with the challenges posed by the globally circulating COVID-19 pandemic, there have been some epochal advances in the field of vaccine technologies. In addition to the traditionally used dead, live and protein-based vaccines, vector-based and gene-based vaccines gained enormous attention in the course of this health crisis. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of multiple sclerosis (MS) and vaccination, recent advances in the SARS-CoV‑2 vaccine landscape as well as a detailed discussion of the various vaccine technologies. Finally, clear recommendations in the context of disease-modifying treatment and vaccination in MS are highlighted.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Multiple Sclerosis/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccines
Language	German
Publishing date	2021-07-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123291-5
ISSN	1433-0407 ; 0028-2804
ISSN (online)	1433-0407
ISSN	0028-2804
DOI	10.1007/s00115-021-01154-5
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Article ; Online: Die Corona-Pandemie und Multiple Sklerose: Impfungen und deren Implikationen für Patienten – Teil 1: Empfehlungen.

Monschein, Tobias / Zrzavy, Tobias / Löbermann, Micha / Winkelmann, Alexander / Berger, Thomas / Rommer, Paulus / Hartung, Hans-Peter / Zettl, Uwe K

Der Nervenarzt

2021 Volume 92, Issue 12, Page(s) 1276–1282

Abstract: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis. New challenges are constantly emerging especially for the healthcare system, not least with the emergence of various viral mutations. Given the variety of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive ... ...

Title translation	The corona pandemic and multiple sclerosis: vaccinations and their implications for patients-Part 1: recommendations.
Abstract	The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis. New challenges are constantly emerging especially for the healthcare system, not least with the emergence of various viral mutations. Given the variety of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) and the immense developments in vaccine production, there is a high need of information for people with MS. The aim of this article is therefore to provide an overview of MS and COVID-19 as well as to clarify the implications for patients with MS, especially regarding vaccination and to formulate appropriate recommendations.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
Language	German
Publishing date	2021-07-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	123291-5
ISSN	1433-0407 ; 0028-2804
ISSN (online)	1433-0407
ISSN	0028-2804
DOI	10.1007/s00115-021-01155-4
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