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Article: Immunometabolic bases of type 2 diabetes in the severity of COVID-19.

Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Escobedo, Galileo

2021 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 1026–1041

Abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have now merged into an ongoing global syndemic that is threatening the lives of ... ...

Abstract	The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have now merged into an ongoing global syndemic that is threatening the lives of millions of people around the globe. For this reason, there is a deep need to understand the immunometabolic bases of the main etiological factors of T2D that affect the severity of COVID-19. Here, we discuss how hyperglycemia contributes to the cytokine storm commonly associated with COVID-19 by stimulating monocytes and macrophages to produce interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the airway epithelium. The main mechanisms through which hyperglycemia promotes reactive oxygen species release, inhibition of T cell activation, and neutrophil extracellular traps in the lungs of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection are also studied. We further examine the molecular mechanisms by which proinflammatory cytokines induce insulin resistance, and their deleterious effects on pancreatic β-cell exhaustion in T2D patients critically ill with COVID-19. We address the effect of excess glucose on advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and the role of AGEs in perpetuating pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Finally, we discuss the contribution of preexisting endothelial dysfunction secondary to diabetes in the development of neutrophil trafficking, vascular leaking, and thrombotic events in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. As we outline here, T2D acts in synergy with SARS-CoV-2 infection to increase the progression, severity, and mortality of COVID-19. We think a better understanding of the T2D-related immunometabolic factors that contribute to exacerbate the severity of COVID-19 will improve our ability to identify patients with high mortality risk and prevent adverse outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2583471-X
ISSN	1948-9358
ISSN	1948-9358
DOI	10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.1026
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Sucralose: From Sweet Success to Metabolic Controversies-Unraveling the Global Health Implications of a Pervasive Non-Caloric Artificial Sweetener.

Aguayo-Guerrero, José Alfredo / Méndez-García, Lucía Angélica / Solleiro-Villavicencio, Helena / Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Escobedo, Galileo

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 14, Issue 3

Abstract: Sucralose is a food additive initially used to mitigate glycemic peaks and calorie intake in patients with diabetes and obesity. Although sucralose has been considered safe for human consumption, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert ... ...

Abstract	Sucralose is a food additive initially used to mitigate glycemic peaks and calorie intake in patients with diabetes and obesity. Although sucralose has been considered safe for human consumption, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a global alert in 2023 concerning the potential health implications of this artificial sweetener. This review aims to comprehensively explore the effects of sucralose intake on human health by understanding sucralose absorption, metabolism, and excretion. We also outline the role of the sweet taste 1 receptor 3 (T1R3) in mediating sucralose-dependent signaling pathways that regulate satiety, incretin release, and insulin response. Finally, we discuss the impact of sucralose on microbiome dysbiosis, inflammatory response origin, liver damage, and toxicity. Gaining a deeper understanding of the manifold effects of sucralose on human physiology will help promote further studies to ensure its consumption is deemed safe for a broader population, including children, adolescents, and pregnant women.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life14030323
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: In Vitro

Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Manjarrez-Reyna, Aarón N / Solleiro-Villavicencio, Helena / Rizo-Téllez, Salma A / Méndez-García, Lucía A / Viurcos-Sanabria, Victoria / González-Sanabria, Jacquelina / Arroyo-Valerio, América / Carrillo-Ruíz, José D / González-Chávez, Antonio / León-Pedroza, Jose I / Flores-Mejía, Raúl / Rodríguez-Cortés, Octavio / Escobedo, Galileo

Frontiers in immunology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 897995

Abstract: The contribution of the cellular immune response to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still uncertain because most evidence comes from patients receiving multiple drugs able to change immune function. Herein, we conducted a ... ...

Abstract	The contribution of the cellular immune response to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still uncertain because most evidence comes from patients receiving multiple drugs able to change immune function. Herein, we conducted a prospective cohort study and obtained blood samples from 128 unvaccinated healthy volunteers to examine the
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Interleukin-2 ; Monocytes ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; T-Lymphocytes
Chemical Substances	Interleukin-2 ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2022.897995
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Blood-brain Barrier Damage is Pivotal for SARS-CoV-2 Infection to the Central Nervous System.

Rodríguez-Morales, Jahir / Guartazaca-Guerrero, Sebastián / Rizo-Téllez, Salma A / Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Barrón, Eira Valeria / Hernández-Valencia, Aldo F / Nava, Porfirio / Escobedo, Galileo / Carrillo-Ruiz, José Damián / Méndez-García, Lucía A

Experimental neurobiology

2022 Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 270–276

Abstract: Transsynaptic transport is the most accepted proposal to explain the SARS-CoV-2 infection of the CNS. Nevertheless, emerging evidence shows that neurons do not express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, which highlights the importance of the blood-brain ... ...

Abstract	Transsynaptic transport is the most accepted proposal to explain the SARS-CoV-2 infection of the CNS. Nevertheless, emerging evidence shows that neurons do not express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2, which highlights the importance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in preventing virus entry to the brain. In this study, we examine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and the cytokine profile in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from two patients with a brain tumor and COVID-19. To determine the BBB damage, we evaluate the Q- albumin index, which is an indirect parameter to assess the permeability of this structure. The Q-albumin index of the patient with an intraventricular brain tumor suggests that the BBB is undamaged, preventing the passage of SARS-CoV-2 and pro-inflammatory molecules. The development of brain tumors that disrupt the BBB (measured by the Q-albumin index), in this case, a petroclival meningioma (Case 1), allows the free passage of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and probably lets the free transit of pro-inflammatory molecules to the CNS, which leads to a possible activation of the microglia (astrogliosis) and an exacerbated immune response represented by IL-13, IFN-γ, and IL-2 trying to inhibit both the infection and the carcinogenic process.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-30
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2639017-6
ISSN	2093-8144 ; 1226-2560
ISSN (online)	2093-8144
ISSN	1226-2560
DOI	10.5607/en21049
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of COVID-19-associated neurological manifestations.

Méndez-García, Lucía A / Escobedo, Galileo / Minguer-Uribe, Alan Gerardo / Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Aguayo-Guerrero, José A / Carrillo-Ruiz, José Damián / Solleiro-Villavicencio, Helena

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 977039

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, which has claimed millions of lives. This virus can infect various cells and tissues, including the brain, for which numerous neurological symptoms have been reported, ranging from mild and non-life-threatening (e.g., ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, which has claimed millions of lives. This virus can infect various cells and tissues, including the brain, for which numerous neurological symptoms have been reported, ranging from mild and non-life-threatening (e.g., headaches, anosmia, dysgeusia, and disorientation) to severe and life-threatening symptoms (e.g., meningitis, ischemic stroke, and cerebral thrombosis). The cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme that belongs to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). RAS is an endocrine system that has been classically associated with regulating blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance; however, it is also involved in promoting inflammation, proliferation, fibrogenesis, and lipogenesis. Two pathways constitute the RAS with counter-balancing effects, which is the key to its regulation. The first axis (classical) is composed of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II, and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) as the main effector, which -when activated- increases the production of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, sympathetic nervous system tone, blood pressure, vasoconstriction, fibrosis, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Both systemic and local classical RAS' within the brain are associated with cognitive impairment, cell death, and inflammation. The second axis (non-classical or alternative) includes ACE2, which converts Ang II to Ang-(1-7), a peptide molecule that activates Mas receptor (MasR) in charge of opposing Ang II/AT1R actions. Thus, the alternative RAS axis enhances cognition, synaptic remodeling, cell survival, cell signal transmission, and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the brain. In a physiological state, both RAS axes remain balanced. However, some factors can dysregulate systemic and local RAS arms. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 causes the internalization and degradation of this enzyme, reducing its activity, and disrupting the balance of systemic and local RAS, which partially explain the appearance of some of the neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the role of RAS in the development of the neurological effects due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we will discuss the RAS-molecular targets that could be used for therapeutic purposes to treat the short and long-term neurological COVID-19-related sequelae.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452963-1
ISSN	1662-5102
ISSN	1662-5102
DOI	10.3389/fncel.2022.977039
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Ten-Week Sucralose Consumption Induces Gut Dysbiosis and Altered Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Young Adults.

Méndez-García, Lucía A / Bueno-Hernández, Nallely / Cid-Soto, Miguel A / De León, Karen L / Mendoza-Martínez, Viridiana M / Espinosa-Flores, Aranza J / Carrero-Aguirre, Miguel / Esquivel-Velázquez, Marcela / León-Hernández, Mireya / Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Ruíz-Barranco, Alejandra / Cota-Arce, Julián M / Álvarez-Lee, Angélica / De León-Nava, Marco A / Meléndez, Guillermo / Escobedo, Galileo

Microorganisms

2022 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: Sucralose consumption alters microbiome and carbohydrate metabolism in mouse models. However, there are no conclusive studies in humans. Our goals were to examine the effect of sucralose consumption on the intestinal abundance of bacterial species ... ...

Abstract	Sucralose consumption alters microbiome and carbohydrate metabolism in mouse models. However, there are no conclusive studies in humans. Our goals were to examine the effect of sucralose consumption on the intestinal abundance of bacterial species belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and explore potential associations between microbiome profiles and glucose and insulin blood levels in healthy young adults. In this open-label clinical trial, volunteers randomly drank water, as a control (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10020434
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Combined Use of Cytokine Serum Values with Laboratory Parameters Improves Mortality Prediction of COVID-19 Patients: The Interleukin-15-to-Albumin Ratio.

Rizo-Téllez, Salma A / Méndez-García, Lucia A / Rivera-Rugeles, Ana C / Miranda-García, Marcela / Manjarrez-Reyna, Aarón N / Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Solleiro-Villavicencio, Helena / Becerril-Villanueva, Enrique / Carrillo-Ruíz, José D / Cota-Arce, Julian M / Álvarez-Lee, Angélica / De León-Nava, Marco A / Escobedo, Galileo

Microorganisms

2021 Volume 9, Issue 10

Abstract: Laboratory parameters display limited accuracy in predicting mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, as with serum albumin. Emerging evidence suggests that cytokine serum values may enhance the predictive capacity of albumin, ... ...

Abstract	Laboratory parameters display limited accuracy in predicting mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, as with serum albumin. Emerging evidence suggests that cytokine serum values may enhance the predictive capacity of albumin, especially interleukin (IL)-15. We thus investigated whether the use of the IL-15-to-albumin ratio enables improving mortality prediction at hospital admission in a large group of COVID-19 patients. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled and followed up three hundred and seventy-eight patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis until hospital discharge or death. Two hundred and fifty-five patients survived, whereas one hundred and twenty-three died. Student's
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9102159
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: High Incidence Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers at a Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital: Experiences of the Pandemic from a Large Mexican Hospital.

Bueno-Hernández, Nallely / Carrillo-Ruíz, José Damian / Méndez-García, Lucía A / Rizo-Téllez, Salma A / Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Santoyo-Chávez, Alisson / Márquez-Franco, René / Aguado-García, Alejandro / Baltazar-López, Neyla / Tomita-Cruz, Yoshio / Barrón, Eira Valeria / Sánchez, Ana Laura / Márquez, Edna / Fossion, Ruben / Rivera, Ana Leonor / Ruelas, Luis / Lecona, Octavio A / Martínez-Mekler, Gustavo / Müller, Markus /

Arroyo-Valerio, América G / Escobedo, Galileo

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 5

Abstract: Health care workers (HCW) are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW has been examined in cross-sectional studies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( ... ...

Abstract	Health care workers (HCW) are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW has been examined in cross-sectional studies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) tests, which may lead to underestimating exact incidence rates. We thus investigated the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a group of HCW at a dedicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospital in a six-month follow-up period. We conducted a prospective cohort study on 109 participants of both sexes working in areas of high, moderate, and low SARS-CoV-2 exposure. qPCR tests in nasopharyngeal swabs and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG serum antibodies were assessed at the beginning and six months later. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were analyzed according to IgG seropositivity by paired Student's T-test or the chi-square test. The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection was considerably high in our cohort of HCW (58%), among whom 67% were asymptomatic carriers. No baseline risk factors contributed to the infection rate, including the workplace. It is still necessary to increase hospital safety procedures to prevent virus transmissibility from HCW to relatives and non-COVID-19 patients during the upcoming waves of contagion.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2721009-1
ISSN	2227-9032
ISSN	2227-9032
DOI	10.3390/healthcare10050896
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Ten-Week Sucralose Consumption Induces Gut Dysbiosis and Altered Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Young Adults

Lucía A. Méndez-García / Nallely Bueno-Hernández / Miguel A. Cid-Soto / Karen L. De León / Viridiana M. Mendoza-Martínez / Aranza J. Espinosa-Flores / Miguel Carrero-Aguirre / Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez / Mireya León-Hernández / Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria / Alejandra Ruíz-Barranco / Julián M. Cota-Arce / Angélica Álvarez-Lee / Marco A. De León-Nava / Guillermo Meléndez / Galileo Escobedo

Microorganisms, Vol 10, Iss 434, p

2022 Volume 434

Abstract	Sucralose consumption alters microbiome and carbohydrate metabolism in mouse models. However, there are no conclusive studies in humans. Our goals were to examine the effect of sucralose consumption on the intestinal abundance of bacterial species belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and explore potential associations between microbiome profiles and glucose and insulin blood levels in healthy young adults. In this open-label clinical trial, volunteers randomly drank water, as a control ( n = 20), or 48 mg sucralose ( n = 20), every day for ten weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study, participants were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to measure serum glucose and insulin every 15 min for 3 h and provided fecal samples to assess gut microbiota using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sucralose intake altered the abundance of Firmicutes without affecting Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes. Two-way ANOVA revealed that volunteers drinking sucralose for ten weeks showed a 3-fold increase in Blautia coccoides and a 0.66-fold decrease in Lactobacillus acidophilus compared to the controls. Sucralose consumption increased serum insulin and the area under the glucose curve compared to water. Long-term sucralose ingestion induces gut dysbiosis associated with altered insulin and glucose levels during an OGTT.
Keywords	sucralose ; microbiome ; glucose load ; Firmicutes ; Blautia coccoides ; dysbiosis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Ten-Week Sucralose Consumption Induces Gut Dysbiosis and Altered Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Young Adults

Méndez-García, Lucía A. / Bueno-Hernández, Nallely / Cid-Soto, Miguel A. / De León, Karen L. / Mendoza-Martínez, Viridiana M. / Espinosa-Flores, Aranza J. / Carrero-Aguirre, Miguel / Esquivel-Velázquez, Marcela / León-Hernández, Mireya / Viurcos-Sanabria, Rebeca / Ruíz-Barranco, Alejandra / Cota-Arce, Julián M. / Álvarez-Lee, Angélica / De León-Nava, Marco A. / Meléndez, Guillermo / Escobedo, Galileo

Microorganisms. 2022 Feb. 14, v. 10, no. 2

2022

Abstract	Sucralose consumption alters microbiome and carbohydrate metabolism in mouse models. However, there are no conclusive studies in humans. Our goals were to examine the effect of sucralose consumption on the intestinal abundance of bacterial species belonging to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes and explore potential associations between microbiome profiles and glucose and insulin blood levels in healthy young adults. In this open-label clinical trial, volunteers randomly drank water, as a control (n = 20), or 48 mg sucralose (n = 20), every day for ten weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study, participants were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to measure serum glucose and insulin every 15 min for 3 h and provided fecal samples to assess gut microbiota using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sucralose intake altered the abundance of Firmicutes without affecting Actinobacteria or Bacteroidetes. Two-way ANOVA revealed that volunteers drinking sucralose for ten weeks showed a 3-fold increase in Blautia coccoides and a 0.66-fold decrease in Lactobacillus acidophilus compared to the controls. Sucralose consumption increased serum insulin and the area under the glucose curve compared to water. Long-term sucralose ingestion induces gut dysbiosis associated with altered insulin and glucose levels during an OGTT.
Keywords	Actinobacteria ; Bacteroidetes ; Lactobacillus acidophilus ; blood glucose ; blood serum ; carbohydrate metabolism ; clinical trials ; dysbiosis ; glucose ; glucose tolerance tests ; insulin ; intestinal microorganisms ; intestines ; mice ; microbiome ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; sucralose
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0214
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10020434
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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