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  1. Article ; Online: Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review of the literature.

    Ramberg, Jane E / Nelson, Erika D / Sinnott, Robert A

    Nutrition journal

    2010  Volume 9, Page(s) 54

    Abstract: Background: A large body of literature suggests that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Much of this literature, however, consists of in vitro studies or studies in which polysaccharides were injected. Their immunologic effects ... ...

    Abstract Background: A large body of literature suggests that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Much of this literature, however, consists of in vitro studies or studies in which polysaccharides were injected. Their immunologic effects following oral administration is less clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate and evaluate the available data regarding the specific immunologic effects of dietary polysaccharides.
    Methods: Studies were identified by conducting PubMed and Google Scholar electronic searches and through reviews of polysaccharide article bibliographies. Only articles published in English were included in this review. Two researchers reviewed data on study design, control, sample size, results, and nature of outcome measures. Subsequent searches were conducted to gather information about polysaccharide safety, structure and composition, and disposition.
    Results: We found 62 publications reporting statistically significant effects of orally ingested glucans, pectins, heteroglycans, glucomannans, fucoidans, galactomannans, arabinogalactans and mixed polysaccharide products in rodents. Fifteen controlled human studies reported that oral glucans, arabinogalactans, heteroglycans, and fucoidans exerted significant effects. Although some studies investigated anti-inflammatory effects, most studies investigated the ability of oral polysaccharides to stimulate the immune system. These studies, as well as safety and toxicity studies, suggest that these polysaccharide products appear to be largely well-tolerated.
    Conclusions: Taken as a whole, the oral polysaccharide literature is highly heterogenous and is not sufficient to support broad product structure/function generalizations. Numerous dietary polysaccharides, particularly glucans, appear to elicit diverse immunomodulatory effects in numerous animal tissues, including the blood, GI tract and spleen. Glucan extracts from the Trametes versicolor mushroom improved survival and immune function in human RCTs of cancer patients; glucans, arabinogalactans and fucoidans elicited immunomodulatory effects in controlled studies of healthy adults and patients with canker sores and seasonal allergies. This review provides a foundation that can serve to guide future research on immune modulation by well-characterized polysaccharide compounds.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Glucans/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immune System/drug effects ; Immunologic Factors ; Polysaccharides
    Chemical Substances Dietary Carbohydrates ; Glucans ; Immunologic Factors ; Polysaccharides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-11-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ISSN 1475-2891
    ISSN (online) 1475-2891
    DOI 10.1186/1475-2891-9-54
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Neurologic effects of exogenous saccharides: a review of controlled human, animal, and in vitro studies.

    Nelson, Erika D / Ramberg, Jane E / Best, Talitha / Sinnott, Robert A

    Nutritional neuroscience

    2012  Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 149–162

    Abstract: Objectives: Current research efforts are centered on delineating the novel health benefits of naturally derived saccharides, including growing interest in their abilities to influence neurologic health. We performed a comprehensive review of the ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Current research efforts are centered on delineating the novel health benefits of naturally derived saccharides, including growing interest in their abilities to influence neurologic health. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to consolidate all controlled studies assessing various roles of exogenous saccharide compounds and polysaccharide-rich extracts from plants, fungi, and other natural sources on brain function, with a significant focus on benefits derived from oral intake.
    Methods: Studies were identified by conducting electronic searches on PubMed and Google Scholar. Reference lists of articles were also reviewed for additional relevant studies. Only articles published in English were included in this review.
    Results: Six randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies were identified in which consumption of a blend of plant-derived polysaccharides showed positive effects on cognitive function and mood in healthy adults. A separate controlled clinical study observed improvements in well-being with ingestion of a yeast beta-glucan. Numerous animal and in vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of individual saccharide compounds and polysaccharide-rich extracts to modify behavior, enhance synaptic plasticity, and provide neuroprotective effects.
    Discussion: Although the mechanisms by which exogenous saccharides can influence brain function are not well understood at this time, the literature suggests that certain naturally occurring compounds and polysaccharide-rich extracts show promise, when taken orally, in supporting neurologic health and function. Additional well-controlled clinical studies on larger populations are necessary, however, before specific recommendations can be made.
    MeSH term(s) Affect ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/physiology ; Cognition/drug effects ; Dietary Carbohydrates/pharmacology ; Double-Blind Method ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Placebos ; Plants, Edible/chemistry ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Yeasts/chemistry ; beta-Glucans/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Dietary Carbohydrates ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Placebos ; Polysaccharides ; beta-Glucans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-02-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1447449-9
    ISSN 1476-8305 ; 1028-415X
    ISSN (online) 1476-8305
    ISSN 1028-415X
    DOI 10.1179/1476830512Y.0000000004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Z 7024: Show issues

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  3. Article ; Online: Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides

    Nelson Erika D / Ramberg Jane E / Sinnott Robert A

    Nutrition Journal, Vol 9, Iss 1, p

    a systematic review of the literature

    2010  Volume 54

    Abstract: Abstract Background A large body of literature suggests that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Much of this literature, however, consists of in vitro studies or studies in which polysaccharides were injected. Their immunologic ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background A large body of literature suggests that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Much of this literature, however, consists of in vitro studies or studies in which polysaccharides were injected. Their immunologic effects following oral administration is less clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate and evaluate the available data regarding the specific immunologic effects of dietary polysaccharides. Methods Studies were identified by conducting PubMed and Google Scholar electronic searches and through reviews of polysaccharide article bibliographies. Only articles published in English were included in this review. Two researchers reviewed data on study design, control, sample size, results, and nature of outcome measures. Subsequent searches were conducted to gather information about polysaccharide safety, structure and composition, and disposition. Results We found 62 publications reporting statistically significant effects of orally ingested glucans, pectins, heteroglycans, glucomannans, fucoidans, galactomannans, arabinogalactans and mixed polysaccharide products in rodents. Fifteen controlled human studies reported that oral glucans, arabinogalactans, heteroglycans, and fucoidans exerted significant effects. Although some studies investigated anti-inflammatory effects, most studies investigated the ability of oral polysaccharides to stimulate the immune system. These studies, as well as safety and toxicity studies, suggest that these polysaccharide products appear to be largely well-tolerated. Conclusions Taken as a whole, the oral polysaccharide literature is highly heterogenous and is not sufficient to support broad product structure/function generalizations. Numerous dietary polysaccharides, particularly glucans, appear to elicit diverse immunomodulatory effects in numerous animal tissues, including the blood, GI tract and spleen. Glucan extracts from the Trametes versicolor mushroom improved survival and immune function in human RCTs of cancer patients; glucans, arabinogalactans and fucoidans elicited immunomodulatory effects in controlled studies of healthy adults and patients with canker sores and seasonal allergies. This review provides a foundation that can serve to guide future research on immune modulation by well-characterized polysaccharide compounds.
    Keywords Nutrition. Foods and food supply ; TX341-641 ; Home economics ; TX1-1110 ; Technology ; T ; DOAJ:Nutrition and Food Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BioMed Central
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: The future of international unification of transport law

    Ramberg, Jan

    Il Diritto marittimo : rivista trimestrale di dottrina giurisprudenza legislazione italiana e straniera Vol. 103 , p. 643-649

    2001  Volume 103, Page(s) 643–649

    Author's details Jan Ramberg
    Publishing place Genova [u.a.]
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 702427-7
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  5. Article: The effect of a chlorhexidine regimen on de novo plaque formation.

    Sekino, Satoshi / Ramberg, Per / Uzel, Naciye Guzin / Socransky, Sigmund / Lindhe, Jan

    Journal of clinical periodontology

    2004  Volume 31, Issue 8, Page(s) 609–614

    Abstract: ... reduced the number of bacteria present in saliva at the end of the preparatory period (i.e. on Day 0 ...

    Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of a pretreatment regimen that combined meticulous mechanical tooth cleaning with the daily use of chlorhexidine (rinse, gargle and tongue application) on de novo plaque formation and on the recolonization of various microbiological species in plaque and saliva during a 4-day period of no oral hygiene.
    Material and methods: Ten subjects aged 24-36 years with gingivitis were recruited. The study was designed as a double blind cross-over clinical trial including two phases. Each experimental phase comprised one preparatory period of 7 days and one plaque accumulation period of 4 days. During the preparatory period, the volunteers (i) performed meticulous mechanical tooth cleaning using toothbrush and dentifrice and (ii) were, in addition, given two sessions of professional tooth cleaning (PTC) The final PTC was delivered after bacterial sampling had been made on Day 0. In the Control group, no additional plaque control measures were included. In the Test group, the participants in addition to the mechanical measures (i) rinsed twice daily, for 60 s each time with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution, (ii) gargled twice daily for 10 s with the chlorhexidine preparation, and finally (iii) brushed the dorsum of the tongue for 60 s, twice daily, with a 1.0% chlorhexidine gel. During the 4-day plaque accumulation period, the participants abstained from all mechanical and chemical plaque control measures. On Days 0, 1, 2 and 4 the quantity and quality of plaque formed was assessed by clinical means and by DNA probe techniques. The microbiota of the saliva was studied in samples obtained on Days 0 and 4.
    Results: It was demonstrated that chlorhexidine used as a mouthrinse combined with gargling and tongue application during the preparatory period significantly retarded the amount of plaque that formed on tooth surfaces during the following 4 days of no oral hygiene. Further, the number of microorganisms present in the biofilm representing Days 0, 1 and 2 of the "plaque accumulation period" was apparently affected by the use of the antiseptic. Among the microorganisms influenced by the chlorhexidine regimen, a substantial number belonged to the genus Actinomyces. It was also observed that the adjunctive use of chlorhexidine reduced the number of bacteria present in saliva at the end of the preparatory period (i.e. on Day 0). After 4 days of no oral hygiene, the microbiota of the newly formed plaque in the Test and Control groups had many features in common.
    Conclusion: Habitat is critical in controlling the bacterial composition of the dental biofilm. The microbiota will tend to go back to the one that is characteristic of a given subject, once chemical antimicrobial means are withdrawn.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cross-Over Studies ; DNA Probes ; Dental Plaque/drug therapy ; Dental Plaque/microbiology ; Dental Plaque/therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Mouthwashes/therapeutic use ; Saliva/microbiology ; Statistics, Nonparametric
    Chemical Substances Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; DNA Probes ; Mouthwashes ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188647-2
    ISSN 1600-051X ; 0303-6979
    ISSN (online) 1600-051X
    ISSN 0303-6979
    DOI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00526.x
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    Zs.A 1003: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
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  6. Article: Phosphorus Speciation and Sorption-Desorption Characteristics in Heavily Manured Soils

    Dou, Zhengxia / Ramberg, C. F / Toth, J. D / Wang, Y / Sharpley, A. N / Boyd, S. E / Chen, C. R / Williams, D / Xu, Z. H

    Soil Science Society of America journal. 2009 Jan., v. 73, no. 1

    2009  

    Abstract: Managing heavily manured soils for decreased P loss to waters requires improved understanding of the chemical and sorption–desorption characteristics of P in these soils. We used soils from agricultural fields receiving ≥8 yr of dairy, poultry, swine ... ...

    Abstract Managing heavily manured soils for decreased P loss to waters requires improved understanding of the chemical and sorption–desorption characteristics of P in these soils. We used soils from agricultural fields receiving ≥8 yr of dairy, poultry, swine manure or spent mushroom compost for the determination of P functional groups in NaOH-EDTA extracts by solution P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, degree of P saturation (DPS), and P sorption–desorption isotherms. The P NMR results show that inorganic orthophosphate was the primary form of P in manure treated (79–93% of total extract P) and untreated soils (33–71%). Pyrophosphate and phosphate monoesters were identified in all soils, whereas phosphate diesters were present in small proportions (<3%) in only a few soils. Polyphosphate, a more condensed form of inorganic P, was present in seven out of nine manured soils (9–47 mg P kg, <2%) but absent in untreated soils. Concentrations of inositol hexakisphosphate (IHP), mostly -IHP plus some -IHP, were similar in manured soils (52–116 mg P kg, 2–8%) and untreated soils (43–137 mg P kg, 6–22%), suggesting a lack of IHP accumulation despite long-term manure applications, including poultry manures that are typically rich in IHP. Most of the treated soils had DPS ≈ 80 to 90% compared with 11 to 33% for the untreated samples. Results from P sorption isotherms showed that potential P release was 3 to 30 times greater from treated than untreated soils. The lack of IHP accumulation in soils receiving long-term manure applications implies that manure-derived IHP may not be biologically and environmentally benign.
    Keywords agricultural soils ; phosphorus ; chemical speciation ; sorption ; desorption ; animal manures ; composts ; pyrophosphates ; polyphosphates ; inositol phosphates ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; spectral analysis ; sorption isotherms ; EDTA (chelating agent) ; mushroom compost
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2009-01
    Size p. 93-101.
    Publishing place Soil Science Society
    Document type Article
    Note epub
    ZDB-ID 2239747-4
    ISSN 1435-0661 ; 0361-5995
    ISSN (online) 1435-0661
    ISSN 0361-5995
    DOI 10.2136/sssaj2007.0416
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    Z 898: Show issues
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  7. Article: Kinetic analysis of D-xylose distribution after intravenous administration to mares

    Ferrante, P.L / Freeman, D.E / Ramberg, C.F / Kronfeld, D.S

    American journal of veterinary research. Jan 1993. v. 54 (1)

    1993  

    Abstract: Multicompartmental analysis was applied to study the kinetics of D-xylose distribution after IV administration to healthy mares deprived of food for 12 and 96 hours. Urinary excretion of D-xylose was measured over a 15-hour period after administration. ... ...

    Abstract Multicompartmental analysis was applied to study the kinetics of D-xylose distribution after IV administration to healthy mares deprived of food for 12 and 96 hours. Urinary excretion of D-xylose was measured over a 15-hour period after administration. The plasma D-xylose concentrations in this study were in the range found after oral tolerance testing. The disposition of D-xylose was described by a two-compartment model with linear kinetic characteristics. Total volume of distribution decreased significantly (P < 0.025) from 0.270 L/kg of body weight after the 12-hour period of food deprivation to 0.235 L/kg after the 96-hour period. Fractional rate of transfer between the central and peripheral compartments did not change after 96 hours without food. Approximately a third of the D-xylose administered was recovered in the urine. Difference in urinary elimination between the 12- and 96-hour periods was not significant. Nonrenal elimination rate was determined to be mice the renal elimination rate. The results indicated that formal kinetic analysis can provide useful information about D-xylose distribution in horses. The decreased D-xylose space found after a 96-hour period of food deprivation would tend to increase the plasma D-xylose concentration, and this may help in the interpretation of the D-xylose absorption test applied to anorectic horses.
    Keywords mares ; xylose ; intravenous injection ; kinetics ; mathematical models ; food deprivation ; metabolism ; excretion
    Language English
    Dates of publication 1993-01
    Size p. 147-151.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 390796-x
    ISSN 1943-5681 ; 0002-9645
    ISSN (online) 1943-5681
    ISSN 0002-9645
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    Z 3312: Show issues

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