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Article ; Online: Avian metapneumovirus subtype B vaccination in commercial broiler chicks: heterologous protection and selected host transcription responses to subtype A or B challenge.

Ball, Christopher / Manswr, Basim / Herrmann, Andreas / Lemiere, Stephane / Ganapathy, Kannan

Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A

2022 Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 181–196

Abstract: ... in vaccinated or unvaccinated broiler chickens is poorly characterized. We show that subtype B vaccination ... offers heterologous (subtype A challenge) and homologous (subtype B challenge) protection. Subtype B ... significantly up-regulated after subtype B challenge compared to subtype A. Cellular immunity (CD8-α and CD8-β ...

Abstract	Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes respiratory disease and drops in egg production in chickens, and is routinely controlled by vaccination. However, the host's immune response to virulent challenge in vaccinated or unvaccinated broiler chickens is poorly characterized. We show that subtype B vaccination offers heterologous (subtype A challenge) and homologous (subtype B challenge) protection. Subtype B challenge caused significantly greater humoral antibody titres in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens. In turbinate and lung tissues of unvaccinated-challenged chickens, IgA and IgY mRNA transcription was significantly up-regulated after subtype B challenge compared to subtype A. Cellular immunity (CD8-α and CD8-β) gene transcripts were significantly up-regulated during early and later stages of infection from subtype B or subtype A, respectively. Immune gene transcriptional responses (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18) were significantly up-regulated after challenge. Gene transcription results showed that mRNA expression levels of CD8-α, CD8-β, TLR3 and IL-6, particularly in turbinate and trachea tissues, are useful parameters to include in future aMPV vaccination-challenge studies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Chickens ; Immunity, Cellular ; Metapneumovirus/genetics ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Poultry Diseases ; Vaccination/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476380-1
ISSN	1465-3338 ; 0307-9457
ISSN (online)	1465-3338
ISSN	0307-9457
DOI	10.1080/03079457.2022.2036697
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Avian metapneumovirus subtype B vaccination in commercial broiler chicks: heterologous protection and selected host transcription responses to subtype A or B challenge

Ball, Christopher / Manswr, Basim / Herrmann, Andreas / Lemiere, Stephane / Ganapathy, Kannan

Avian pathology. 2022 Mar. 04, v. 51, no. 2

2022

Abstract	Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) causes respiratory disease and drops in egg production in chickens, and is routinely controlled by vaccination. However, the host’s immune response to virulent challenge in vaccinated or unvaccinated broiler chickens is poorly characterized. We show that subtype B vaccination offers heterologous (subtype A challenge) and homologous (subtype B challenge) protection. Subtype B challenge caused significantly greater humoral antibody titres in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens. In turbinate and lung tissues of unvaccinated-challenged chickens, IgA and IgY mRNA transcription was significantly up-regulated after subtype B challenge compared to subtype A. Cellular immunity (CD8-α and CD8-β) gene transcripts were significantly up-regulated during early and later stages of infection from subtype B or subtype A, respectively. Immune gene transcriptional responses (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18) were significantly up-regulated after challenge. Gene transcription results showed that mRNA expression levels of CD8-α, CD8-β, TLR3 and IL-6, particularly in turbinate and trachea tissues, are useful parameters to include in future aMPV vaccination-challenge studies.
Keywords	Avian metapneumovirus ; antibodies ; cell-mediated immunity ; egg production ; gene expression ; genes ; immune response ; interleukin-18 ; interleukin-6 ; lungs ; respiratory tract diseases ; transcription (genetics) ; vaccination ; virulence
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0304
Size	p. 181-196.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1476380-1
ISSN	1465-3338 ; 0307-9457
ISSN (online)	1465-3338
ISSN	0307-9457
DOI	10.1080/03079457.2022.2036697
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Host immune response to infectious bronchitis virus Q1 in two commercial broiler chicken lines.

Manswr, Basim / Ball, Christopher / Forrester, Anne / Chantrey, Julian / Ganapathy, Kannan

Research in veterinary science

2021 Volume 136, Page(s) 587–594

Abstract: ... slow (Line-B) growing chicks were monitored for clinical signs and body weights. At 3, 7, 9, 14, 21 and ... A chicks at 14 and 21 dpi, but there were no significant differences in Line-B. Through qRT-PCR ... at 7-9 dpi. At day-old and at 28 dpi, the mean antibody titre in Line-B was notably higher than Line ...

Abstract	This study investigated the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus (Gammacoronavirus) strain Q1 in two commercial broiler chicken lines, and the host immune response to infection. Chicks from each line were grouped into either infected or control. Following Q1 infection at day-old, fast (Line-A) and slow (Line-B) growing chicks were monitored for clinical signs and body weights. At 3, 7, 9, 14, 21 and 28 days post infection (dpi), five birds were humanely euthanised, and trachea, kidney and proventriculus tissues were collected for quantitative RT-PCR and histopathology. Blood was collected weekly to determine IBV-specific ELISA antibody titres. Q1 infection significantly reduced the body weights of Line-A chicks at 14 and 21 dpi, but there were no significant differences in Line-B. Through qRT-PCR, significantly higher viral loads were found in the trachea, proventriculus and kidney tissues of Line-A chicks at 7-9 dpi. At day-old and at 28 dpi, the mean antibody titre in Line-B was notably higher than Line-A. Significant IFN-α mRNA expression was noted in the trachea and kidneys of Line-A, whereas no change occurred in Line-B. Chicks in Line-B, compared to those in Line-A, demonstrated a tissue-dependent increase of IFN-β, TLR3, IL-1β and IL-6 and LITAF gene transcription responses to IBV Q1. It appears that the level of maternal antibodies, growth rates, and other inherent host genetic factors could have influenced the differences in viral loads and immune responses.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens/immunology ; Chickens/virology ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Immunity ; Infectious bronchitis virus/immunology ; Poultry Diseases/immunology ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Viral Load/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.020
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Infectious bronchitis virus infection in chicken: viral load and immune responses in Harderian gland, choanal cleft and turbinate tissues compared to trachea.

Al-Rasheed, M / Ball, C / Manswr, B / Leeming, G / Ganapathy, K

British poultry science

2022 Volume 63, Issue 4, Page(s) 484–492

Abstract: 1. The role of the Harderian gland (HG), choanal cleft (CC) and turbinate in terms of IBV M41 viral load compared to the trachea, and immune (innate, cellular and mucosal) responses were studied in 21-day-old commercial broiler chickens.2. After virulent ...

Abstract	1. The role of the Harderian gland (HG), choanal cleft (CC) and turbinate in terms of IBV M41 viral load compared to the trachea, and immune (innate, cellular and mucosal) responses were studied in 21-day-old commercial broiler chickens.2. After virulent IBV M41 challenge, the antigen concentration detected either by quantitative RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry peaked at 2-3 days post challenge (dpc) in all tissues. Significant increases of lachrymal IBV-specific IgA and IgY levels were found at 4-5 dpc.3. Gene transcription showed a significant up-regulation of TLR3, MDA5, IL-6, IFN-α and IFN-β, where patterns and magnitude fold-change of
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chickens/genetics ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Harderian Gland ; Immunity ; Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics ; Poultry Diseases ; Trachea ; Turbinates ; Viral Load/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	956653-3
ISSN	1466-1799 ; 0007-1668
ISSN (online)	1466-1799
ISSN	0007-1668
DOI	10.1080/00071668.2022.2035675
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Immunopathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus Q1 in specific pathogen free chicks.

Manswr, B / Ball, C / Forrester, A / Chantrey, J / Ganapathy, K

Microbial pathogenesis

2020 Volume 149, Page(s) 104535

Abstract: The immunopathogenesis of avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Q1, was investigated in specific pathogen free chicks. Following infection, chicks exhibited respiratory clinical signs and reduced body weight. Oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal ...

Abstract	The immunopathogenesis of avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Q1, was investigated in specific pathogen free chicks. Following infection, chicks exhibited respiratory clinical signs and reduced body weight. Oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal (CL) swabs were collected at intervals and found to be RT-PCR positive, with a greater number of partial-S1 amino acid changes noted in CL swabs compared to OP swabs. In tissue samples, IBV viral load peaked 9 days post infection (dpi) in the trachea and kidneys, and 14 dpi in the proventriculus. At 28 dpi, ELISA data showed that 63% of infected chicks seroconverted. There was significantly higher mRNA up-regulation of IFN-α, TLR3, MDA5, LITAF, IL-1β and IL-6 in the trachea compared to the kidneys. Findings presented here demonstrate that this Q1 isolate induces greater lesions and host innate immune responses in chickens' tracheas compared to the kidneys.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Body Weight ; Chickens/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Cytokines/blood ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Immunity, Innate ; Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics ; Infectious bronchitis virus/immunology ; Infectious bronchitis virus/isolation & purification ; Poultry Diseases/immunology ; Poultry Diseases/pathology ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Viral Load
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Cytokines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632772-2
ISSN	1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
ISSN (online)	1096-1208
ISSN	0882-4010
DOI	10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104535
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 2136: Show issues

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Article: Host immune response to infectious bronchitis virus Q1 in two commercial broiler chicken lines

Manswr, Basim / Ball, Christopher / Forrester, Anne / Chantrey, Julian / Ganapathy, Kannan

Research in veterinary science. 2021 May, v. 136

2021

Abstract: ... slow (Line-B) growing chicks were monitored for clinical signs and body weights. At 3, 7, 9, 14, 21 and ... A chicks at 14 and 21 dpi, but there were no significant differences in Line-B. Through qRT-PCR ... at 7–9 dpi. At day-old and at 28 dpi, the mean antibody titre in Line-B was notably higher than Line ...

Abstract	This study investigated the pathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus (Gammacoronavirus) strain Q1 in two commercial broiler chicken lines, and the host immune response to infection. Chicks from each line were grouped into either infected or control. Following Q1 infection at day-old, fast (Line-A) and slow (Line-B) growing chicks were monitored for clinical signs and body weights. At 3, 7, 9, 14, 21 and 28 days post infection (dpi), five birds were humanely euthanised, and trachea, kidney and proventriculus tissues were collected for quantitative RT-PCR and histopathology. Blood was collected weekly to determine IBV-specific ELISA antibody titres. Q1 infection significantly reduced the body weights of Line-A chicks at 14 and 21 dpi, but there were no significant differences in Line-B. Through qRT-PCR, significantly higher viral loads were found in the trachea, proventriculus and kidney tissues of Line-A chicks at 7–9 dpi. At day-old and at 28 dpi, the mean antibody titre in Line-B was notably higher than Line-A. Significant IFN-α mRNA expression was noted in the trachea and kidneys of Line-A, whereas no change occurred in Line-B. Chicks in Line-B, compared to those in Line-A, demonstrated a tissue-dependent increase of IFN-β, TLR3, IL-1β and IL-6 and LITAF gene transcription responses to IBV Q1. It appears that the level of maternal antibodies, growth rates, and other inherent host genetic factors could have influenced the differences in viral loads and immune responses.
Keywords	Infectious bronchitis virus ; antibodies ; blood ; broiler chickens ; gene expression ; histopathology ; immune response ; interleukin-6 ; kidneys ; pathogenesis ; proventriculus ; research ; transcription (genetics) ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Size	p. 587-594.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.020
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 2292: Show issues

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Article: Immunopathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus Q1 in specific pathogen free chicks

Manswr, B / Ball, C / Forrester, A / Chantrey, J / Ganapathy, K

Microbial pathogenesis. 2020 Dec., v. 149

2020

Abstract	The immunopathogenesis of avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Q1, was investigated in specific pathogen free chicks. Following infection, chicks exhibited respiratory clinical signs and reduced body weight. Oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal (CL) swabs were collected at intervals and found to be RT-PCR positive, with a greater number of partial-S1 amino acid changes noted in CL swabs compared to OP swabs. In tissue samples, IBV viral load peaked 9 days post infection (dpi) in the trachea and kidneys, and 14 dpi in the proventriculus. At 28 dpi, ELISA data showed that 63% of infected chicks seroconverted. There was significantly higher mRNA up-regulation of IFN-α, TLR3, MDA5, LITAF, IL-1β and IL-6 in the trachea compared to the kidneys. Findings presented here demonstrate that this Q1 isolate induces greater lesions and host innate immune responses in chickens’ tracheas compared to the kidneys.
Keywords	Infectious bronchitis virus ; amino acids ; body weight ; cloaca ; interleukin-6 ; pathogenesis ; proventriculus ; specific pathogen-free animals ; viral load
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	632772-2
ISSN	1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
ISSN (online)	1096-1208
ISSN	0882-4010
DOI	10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104535
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Zs.A 2136: Show issues

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ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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Article: Infectious bronchitis virus infection in chicken: viral load and immune responses in Harderian gland, choanal cleft and turbinate tissues compared to trachea

Al-Rasheed, M. / Ball, C. / Manswr, B. / Leeming, G. / Ganapathy, K.

British poultry science. 2022 July 04, v. 63, no. 4

2022

Abstract	1. The role of the Harderian gland (HG), choanal cleft (CC) and turbinate in terms of IBV M41 viral load compared to the trachea, and immune (innate, cellular and mucosal) responses were studied in 21-day-old commercial broiler chickens. 2. After virulent IBV M41 challenge, the antigen concentration detected either by quantitative RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry peaked at 2–3 days post challenge (dpc) in all tissues. Significant increases of lachrymal IBV-specific IgA and IgY levels were found at 4–5 dpc. 3. Gene transcription showed a significant up-regulation of TLR3, MDA5, IL-6, IFN-α and IFN-β, where patterns and magnitude fold-change of mRNA transcription were dependent on the gene and tissue type. 4. The results demonstrated active IBV M41 replication in the HG, CC and turbinate, comparable to levels of replication found in the trachea. Data on immune-related genes in head-associated tissues provide further understanding on the immunobiology of IBV and offer opportunities to identify their use as quantitative biomarkers in pathogenicity and vaccination-challenge studies.
Keywords	Infectious bronchitis virus ; antigens ; biomarkers ; chickens ; genes ; immunohistochemistry ; interleukin-6 ; transcription (genetics) ; viral load ; virulence
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0704
Size	p. 484-492.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	956653-3
ISSN	1466-1799 ; 0007-1668
ISSN (online)	1466-1799
ISSN	0007-1668
DOI	10.1080/00071668.2022.2035675
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

Z 1354: Show issues

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Article: Immunopathogenesis of infectious bronchitis virus Q1 in specific pathogen free chicks

Manswr, B / Ball, C / Forrester, A / Chantrey, J / Ganapathy, K

Microb Pathog

Abstract	The immunopathogenesis of avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Q1, was investigated in specific pathogen free chicks. Following infection, chicks exhibited respiratory clinical signs and reduced body weight. Oropharyngeal (OP) and cloacal (CL) swabs were collected at intervals and found to be RT-PCR positive, with a greater number of partial-S1 amino acid changes noted in CL swabs compared to OP swabs. In tissue samples, IBV viral load peaked 9 days post infection (dpi) in the trachea and kidneys, and 14 dpi in the proventriculus. At 28 dpi, ELISA data showed that 63% of infected chicks seroconverted. There was significantly higher mRNA up-regulation of IFN-α, TLR3, MDA5, LITAF, IL-1ß and IL-6 in the trachea compared to the kidneys. Findings presented here demonstrate that this Q1 isolate induces greater lesions and host innate immune responses in chickens' tracheas compared to the kidneys.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #792800
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of full S1 gene sequencing of classical and variant infectious bronchitis viruses extracted from allantoic fluid and FTA cards.

Manswr, Basim / Ball, Christopher / Forrester, Anne / Chantrey, Julian / Ganapathy, Kannan

Avian pathology : journal of the W.V.P.A

2018 Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 418–426

Abstract: Sequence variability in the S1 gene determines the genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains. A single RT-PCR assay was developed to amplify and sequence the full S1 gene for six classical and variant IBVs (M41, D274, 793B, IS/885/00, IS/1494/ ...

Abstract	Sequence variability in the S1 gene determines the genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains. A single RT-PCR assay was developed to amplify and sequence the full S1 gene for six classical and variant IBVs (M41, D274, 793B, IS/885/00, IS/1494/06 and Q1) enriched in allantoic fluid (AF) or the same AF inoculated onto Flinders Technology Association (FTA) cards. Representative strains from each genotype were grown in specific-pathogen-free eggs and RNA was extracted from AF. Full S1 gene amplification was achieved using primer A and primer 22.51. Products were sequenced using primers A, 1050+, 1380+ and SX3+ to obtain short sequences covering the full gene. Following serial dilutions of AF, detection limits of the partial assay were higher than those of the full S1 gene. Partial S1 sequences exhibited higher-than-average nucleotide similarity percentages (79%; 352 bp) compared to full S1 sequences (77%; 1756 bp), suggesting that full S1 analysis allows greater strain differentiation. For IBV detection from AF-inoculated FTA cards, four serotypes were incubated for up to 21 days at three temperatures, 4°C, room temperature (approximately 24°C) and 40°C. RNA was extracted and tested with partial and full S1 protocols. Through partial sequencing, all IBVs were successfully detected at all sampling points and storage temperatures. In contrast, using full S1 sequencing it was not possible to amplify the gene beyond 14 days or when stored at 40°C. Data presented show that for full S1 sequencing, a substantial amount of RNA is needed. Field samples collected onto FTA cards are unlikely to yield such quantity or quality. Abbreviations: AF: allantoic fluid; CD50: ciliostatic dose 50; FTA: Flinders Technology Association; IB: infectious bronchitis; IBV: infectious bronchitis virus.
MeSH term(s)	Allantois/virology ; Animals ; Chickens/virology ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Extracellular Fluid/virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics ; Ovum/virology ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases/diagnosis ; Poultry Diseases/virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Specimen Handling/veterinary ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics ; Temperature
Chemical Substances	Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476380-1
ISSN	1465-3338 ; 0307-9457
ISSN (online)	1465-3338
ISSN	0307-9457
DOI	10.1080/03079457.2018.1471196
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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