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  1. Article ; Online: Core interventions contributing to the effectiveness of the National Urban Health Mission in India.

    Raichowdhury, Snehashish / Khetrapal, Sonalini / Chin, Brian

    Journal of global health

    2023  Volume 13, Page(s) 3009

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Urban Health ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Rural Health ; India
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-10
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2741629-X
    ISSN 2047-2986 ; 2047-2986
    ISSN (online) 2047-2986
    ISSN 2047-2986
    DOI 10.7189/jogh.13.03009
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health system & Sustainable Development Goal 3

    Sonalini Khetrapal / Rajesh Bhatia

    Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 151, Iss 5, Pp 395-

    2020  Volume 399

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health system & Sustainable Development Goal 3.

    Khetrapal, Sonalini / Bhatia, Rajesh

    The Indian journal of medical research

    2020  Volume 151, Issue 5, Page(s) 395–399

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developing Countries ; Goals ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; World Health Organization
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-24
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390883-5
    ISSN 0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
    ISSN 0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
    DOI 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1920_20
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  4. Article: Healthcare worker resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of primary care providers in India.

    Golechha, Mahaveer / Bohra, Tasneem / Patel, Mehul / Khetrapal, Sonalini

    World medical & health policy

    2021  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 6–18

    Abstract: Since 2020, the world saw a myriad of creative health-care policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article studied the experience of rural primary care providers (PCPs) in India deputized for COVID-19 care in urban areas. In-depth interviews were ...

    Abstract Since 2020, the world saw a myriad of creative health-care policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article studied the experience of rural primary care providers (PCPs) in India deputized for COVID-19 care in urban areas. In-depth interviews were conducted with PCPs (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2153-2028
    ISSN 2153-2028
    DOI 10.1002/wmh3.483
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  6. Article ; Online: Maternal depressiveness and infant growth outcomes: Findings from the MAASTHI cohort study in India.

    Shriyan, Prafulla / Khetrapal, Sonalini / van Schayck, Onno C P / Babu, Giridhara R

    Journal of psychosomatic research

    2023  Volume 170, Page(s) 111378

    Abstract: Objective: The study aims to examine the association between depressiveness in mothers on infant obesity and stunting at one year of age.: Methods: We enrolled 4829 pregnant women, followed them up at public health facilities in Bengaluru for one ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The study aims to examine the association between depressiveness in mothers on infant obesity and stunting at one year of age.
    Methods: We enrolled 4829 pregnant women, followed them up at public health facilities in Bengaluru for one year after birth. We collected information on women's sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, depressive symptoms during pregnancy and delivery within 48 h. We took infant anthropometric measurements at birth and one year. We used chi-square tests, and calculated an unadjusted odds ratio using univariate logistic regression. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the association between maternal depressiveness, childhood adiposity, and stunting.
    Results: We found that the prevalence of depressiveness was 31.8% in mothers who delivered in public health facilities in Bengaluru. Infants born to mothers with depressiveness at birth had 3.9 times higher odds of having larger waist circumference than infants born to mothers with no depressiveness (AOR: 3.96, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.24,12.58) and 1.9 times higher odds of having a larger sum of skinfold thickness (AOR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.18,3.38). Additionally, we found that infants born to mothers with depressiveness at birth had 1.7 times higher odds of stunting than infants born to mothers with no depressiveness (AOR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.22,2.43) after adjusting for confounders.
    Conclusion: Our study highlights a high prevalence of depressiveness among mothers seeking antenatal care at a public hospital is associated with an increased risk of infant adiposity and stunting at one year. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and identify effective interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Obesity ; Mothers ; Growth Disorders/epidemiology ; Parturition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80166-5
    ISSN 1879-1360 ; 0022-3999
    ISSN (online) 1879-1360
    ISSN 0022-3999
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111378
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  7. Article: Expanding healthcare coverage: An experience from

    Khetrapal, Sonalini / Acharya, Arnab

    The Indian journal of medical research

    2019  Volume 149, Issue 3, Page(s) 369–375

    Abstract: Background & objective: Given that Ayushman Bharat Yojna was launched in 2018 in India, analysis of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) become relevant. The objective of this study was to examine the scheme design and the incentive structure under RSBY. ...

    Abstract Background & objective: Given that Ayushman Bharat Yojna was launched in 2018 in India, analysis of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) become relevant. The objective of this study was to examine the scheme design and the incentive structure under RSBY.
    Methods: The study was conducted in the districts of Patiala and Yamunanagar in the States of Punjab and Haryana, respectively (2011-2013). The mixed method study involved review of key documents; 20 in-depth interviews of key stakeholders; 399 exit interviews of RSBY and non-RSBY beneficiaries in Patiala and 353 in Yamunanagar from 12 selected RSBY empanelled hospitals; and analysis of secondary databases from State nodal agencies and district medical officers.
    Results: Insurance companies had considerable implementation responsibilities which led to conflict of interest in enrolment and empanelment. Enrolment was 15 per cent in Patiala and 42 per cent in Yamunanagar. Empanelment of health facilities was 17 (15%) in Patiala and 37 (30%) in Yamunanagar. Private-empanelled facilities were geographically clustered in the urban parts of the sub-districts. Monitoring was weak and led to breach of contracts. RSBY beneficiaries incurred out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures (₹5748); however, it was lower than that for non-RSBY (₹10667). The scheme had in-built incentives for Centre, State, insurance companies and health providers (both public and private). There were no incentives for health staff for additional RSBY activities.
    Interpretation & conclusions: RSBY has in-built incentives for all stakeholders. Some of the gaps identified in the scheme design pertained to poor enrolment practices, distribution of roles and responsibilities, fixed package rates, weak monitoring and supervision, and incurring OOP expenditure.
    MeSH term(s) Delivery of Health Care/economics ; Delivery of Health Care/trends ; Economics, Hospital ; Health Expenditures ; Hospitals ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Insurance, Health/economics ; Insurance, Health/trends ; Poverty
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-27
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390883-5
    ISSN 0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
    ISSN 0971-5916 ; 0019-5340
    DOI 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1419_18
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  8. Article ; Online: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health system & Sustainable Development Goal 3

    Bhatia, Rajesh / Khetrapal, Sonalini

    Indian Journal of Medical Research

    2020  Volume 151, Issue 5, Page(s) 395

    Keywords General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Medknow
    Publishing country in
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 390883-5
    ISSN 0019-5340 ; 0971-5916
    ISSN 0019-5340 ; 0971-5916
    DOI 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1920_20
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  9. Article ; Online: Expanding healthcare coverage

    Sonalini Khetrapal / Arnab Acharya

    Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 149, Iss 3, Pp 369-

    An experience from Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna

    2019  Volume 375

    Abstract: Background & objective: Given that Ayushman Bharat Yojna was launched in 2018 in India, analysis of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) become relevant. The objective of this study was to examine the scheme design and the incentive structure under RSBY. ...

    Abstract Background & objective: Given that Ayushman Bharat Yojna was launched in 2018 in India, analysis of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) become relevant. The objective of this study was to examine the scheme design and the incentive structure under RSBY. Methods: The study was conducted in the districts of Patiala and Yamunanagar in the States of Punjab and Haryana, respectively (2011-2013). The mixed method study involved review of key documents; 20 in-depth interviews of key stakeholders; 399 exit interviews of RSBY and non-RSBY beneficiaries in Patiala and 353 in Yamunanagar from 12 selected RSBY empanelled hospitals; and analysis of secondary databases from State nodal agencies and district medical officers. Results: Insurance companies had considerable implementation responsibilities which led to conflict of interest in enrolment and empanelment. Enrolment was 15 per cent in Patiala and 42 per cent in Yamunanagar. Empanelment of health facilities was 17 (15%) in Patiala and 37 (30%) in Yamunanagar. Private-empanelled facilities were geographically clustered in the urban parts of the sub-districts. Monitoring was weak and led to breach of contracts. RSBY beneficiaries incurred out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures (₹5748); however, it was lower than that for non-RSBY (₹10667). The scheme had in-built incentives for Centre, State, insurance companies and health providers (both public and private). There were no incentives for health staff for additional RSBY activities. Interpretation & conclusions: RSBY has in-built incentives for all stakeholders. Some of the gaps identified in the scheme design pertained to poor enrolment practices, distribution of roles and responsibilities, fixed package rates, weak monitoring and supervision, and incurring OOP expenditure.
    Keywords Ayushman Bharat - health contracting - Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna design - RSBY incentive - social health insurance ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Assessment of the public-private-partnerships model of a national health insurance scheme in India.

    Khetrapal, Sonalini / Acharya, Arnab / Mills, Anne

    Social science & medicine (1982)

    2019  Volume 243, Page(s) 112634

    Abstract: A single hospital admission can deplete household resources so considerably as to induce impoverishment, especially in the Indian context of low government healthcare expenditure. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) was a national health insurance ... ...

    Abstract A single hospital admission can deplete household resources so considerably as to induce impoverishment, especially in the Indian context of low government healthcare expenditure. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) was a national health insurance scheme for below-poverty-line Indian families, to provide improved access to hospitalization and greater financial protection via a public-private-partnership employing private sector implementation capacity. Study objectives were to understand governance (including regulatory) environment and contract arrangements; evaluate expansion of services to beneficiaries; and assess compliance of providers and user satisfaction. A case study approach in two districts met the need for in-depth information on scheme functioning, and RSBY implementation was examined between 2011 and 13 in Patiala (Punjab) and Yamunanagar (Haryana). Methods included 20 key stakeholder interviews, analysis of secondary datasets on beneficiaries and claims, primary data collection in 31 public and private hospitals and in greater depth in 12 hospitals, and an exit survey of 751 patients. Enrolled and non-enrolled hospitals were mapped in each district and service availability of enrolled hospitals assessed; enrollee characteristics were analysed; for the 12 hospitals, information was obtained on structural quality and process of care, and patient satisfaction and out-of-pocket payments. The Indian states and the government of India did not specify formal regulatory and implementation procedures in detail and states largely contracted out their functions to private insurance firms. Findings show regulatory weaknesses, and contractual breaches. Enrolment rates were low in both districts and more so for Patiala and there was limited access to services. There was little difference in process of care between public and private hospitals, though the structural capacity of private hospitals was better than public hospitals. RSBY helped improve accessibility and gave some degree of financial protection to patients. It also actively engaged with existing resources in the Indian health care and insurance markets.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Intersectoral Collaboration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; National Health Programs/organization & administration ; National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data ; Propensity Score ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships/organization & administration ; Public-Private Sector Partnerships/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 4766-1
    ISSN 1873-5347 ; 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    ISSN (online) 1873-5347
    ISSN 0037-7856 ; 0277-9536
    DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112634
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