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Article ; Online: Oxytocin, PTSD, and sexual abuse are associated with attention network intrinsic functional connectivity.

Crum, Kathleen I / Flanagan, Julianne C / Vaughan, Brandon / Aloi, Joseph / Moran-Santa Maria, Megan M / Back, Sudie E / Brady, Kathleen T / Joseph, Jane E

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging

2021 Volume 316, Page(s) 111345

Abstract: Childhood maltreatment is linked to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Neural attention network function contributes to resilience against PTSD following maltreatment; oxytocin administration alters functional connectivity differentially ... ...

Abstract	Childhood maltreatment is linked to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Neural attention network function contributes to resilience against PTSD following maltreatment; oxytocin administration alters functional connectivity differentially among resilient to PTSD groups. The present study examined intrinsic connectivity between ventral and dorsal neural attention networks (VAN and DAN) to clarify the nature of dysfunction versus resilience in the context of maltreatment-related PTSD, and to explore differential dysfunction related to varied aspects of maltreatment. Oxytocin administration was examined as a factor in these relationships. Resting-state functional connectivity data were collected from 39 adults with maltreatment histories, with and without PTSD, who were randomly assigned to receive oxytocin or placebo. We found that PTSD and sexual abuse (SA) were associated with reduced VAN-DAN connectivity. There were no significant effects with regard to physical abuse. Oxytocin was associated with greater VAN-DAN connectivity strength. These preliminary findings suggest dysfunction within attentional systems in PTSD, as well as following SA. Further, oxytocin may help ameliorate attentional neurocircuitry dysfunction in individuals with PTSD and those with maltreatment histories.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oxytocin ; Sex Offenses ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Oxytocin (50-56-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7506 ; 1872-7123 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7506 ; 1872-7123
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111345
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Article ; Online: Augmenting Prolonged Exposure therapy for PTSD with intranasal oxytocin: A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial.

Flanagan, Julianne C / Sippel, Lauren M / Wahlquist, Amy / Moran-Santa Maria, Megan M / Back, Sudie E

Journal of psychiatric research

2017 Volume 98, Page(s) 64–69

Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, debilitating condition for which Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy is highly efficacious. However, for some individuals, premature dropout and residual PTSD symptoms remain obstacles. The neuropeptide ... ...

Abstract	Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, debilitating condition for which Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy is highly efficacious. However, for some individuals, premature dropout and residual PTSD symptoms remain obstacles. The neuropeptide oxytocin is a promising candidate to enhance PE due to its ability to enhance 1) prosocial cognition and behavior, which are theorized to promote positive working alliance, and 2) extinction learning, which is the central mechanism of action underlying successful PE treatment. Despite a robust theoretical rationale, no studies to date have combined evidence-based psychotherapy for PTSD with oxytocin. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial examined the feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of augmenting PE with oxytocin. Participants were 17 individuals with diverse index traumas. Participants self-administered intranasal oxytocin (40 IU) or matching placebo 45 min prior to each weekly PE therapy session. One adverse event occurred in the placebo group and three individuals dropped out (17.6%; 2 oxytocin group and 1 placebo group). The oxytocin group demonstrated lower PTSD and depression symptoms during PE, and had higher working alliance scores, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. Although preliminary, the findings support the feasibility of oxytocin combined with PE. Adequately powered studies are necessary to determine whether oxytocin enhances PE treatment outcomes and to examine potential mechanisms, such as accelerating extinction learning, enhancing early response, and preventing premature dropout. NCT03238924.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Implosive Therapy/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Oxytocin/administration & dosage ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Pilot Projects ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Veterans
Chemical Substances	Oxytocin (50-56-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	3148-3
ISSN	1879-1379 ; 0022-3956
ISSN (online)	1879-1379
ISSN	0022-3956
DOI	10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.12.014
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Article ; Online: Ovarian hormones and drug abuse.

Moran-Santa Maria, Megan M / Flanagan, Julianne / Brady, Kathleen

Current psychiatry reports

2014 Volume 16, Issue 11, Page(s) 511

Abstract: There are significant gender differences in course, symptomology, and treatment of substance use disorders. In general data from clinical and preclinical studies of substance use disorders suggest that women are more vulnerable than men to the ... ...

Abstract	There are significant gender differences in course, symptomology, and treatment of substance use disorders. In general data from clinical and preclinical studies of substance use disorders suggest that women are more vulnerable than men to the deleterious consequences of drug use at every phase of the addiction process. In addition data from epidemiologic studies suggest that the gender gap in the prevalence of substance use is narrowing particularly among adolescence. Therefore, understanding the role of estrogen and progesterone in mediating responses to drugs of abuse is of critical importance to women's health. In this review we will discuss findings from clinical and preclinical studies of (1) reproductive cycle phase; (2) endogenous ovarian hormones; and (3) hormone replacement on responses to stimulants, nicotine, alcohol, opioids, and marijuana. In addition, we discuss data from recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the neurobiologic mechanisms that interact with estrogen and progesterone to mediate drug-seeking behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cannabis ; Estrogens/metabolism ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Nicotine/pharmacology ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Estrogens ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2055376-6
ISSN	1535-1645 ; 1523-3812
ISSN (online)	1535-1645
ISSN	1523-3812
DOI	10.1007/s11920-014-0511-7
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Article ; Online: Effects of oxytocin on working memory and executive control system connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Flanagan, Julianne C / Hand, Anne / Jarnecke, Amber M / Moran-Santa Maria, Megan M / Brady, Kathleen T / Joseph, Jane E

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology

2018 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 391–402

Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, debilitating condition for which effective medications are scant and little is known about neural correlates of risk versus resilience. Oxytocin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that has demonstrated ... ...

Abstract	Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, debilitating condition for which effective medications are scant and little is known about neural correlates of risk versus resilience. Oxytocin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that has demonstrated promise in modulating neurobiological and behavioral correlates of PTSD. Cognitive deficits in areas such as working memory and executive control are highly prevalent among individuals with PTSD and oxytocin might modulate these impairments in individuals with PTSD. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, this study employed functional MRI (fMRI) and the n-back working memory task to examine the effects of oxytocin (24 IU) versus placebo on working memory and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) connectivity among individuals with PTSD (n = 16) as compared with a trauma-exposed control group (n = 18). Results indicate that individuals with PTSD on oxytocin performed better in the 2-back condition of the n-back task compared with individuals with PTSD on placebo. Results also indicate that connectivity between DLPFC and anterior cingulate increased in the 2-back condition among individuals with PTSD on oxytocin as compared with placebo. These findings provide preliminary evidence of an effect of oxytocin on working memory among individuals with PTSD and insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association. Future studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms responsible for working memory deficits in PTSD and to examine the potential of oxytocin for use as a treatment for PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Double-Blind Method ; Executive Function/drug effects ; Executive Function/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/drug effects ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging ; Oxytocin/administration & dosage ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnostic imaging ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Oxytocin (50-56-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Controlled Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1209960-0
ISSN	1936-2293 ; 1064-1297
ISSN (online)	1936-2293
ISSN	1064-1297
DOI	10.1037/pha0000197
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Zs.A 4462: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Neural correlates of oxytocin and cue reactivity in cocaine-dependent men and women with and without childhood trauma.

Joseph, Jane E / McRae-Clark, Aimee / Sherman, Brian J / Baker, Nathaniel L / Moran-Santa Maria, Megan / Brady, Kathleen T

Psychopharmacology

2019

Abstract: Rationale: Women with cocaine use disorder have worse treatment outcomes compared with men. Sex differences in cocaine addiction may be driven by differences in neurobiology or stress reactivity. Oxytocin is a potential therapeutic for stress reduction ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Women with cocaine use disorder have worse treatment outcomes compared with men. Sex differences in cocaine addiction may be driven by differences in neurobiology or stress reactivity. Oxytocin is a potential therapeutic for stress reduction in substance use disorders, but no studies have examined the effect of oxytocin on neural response to drug cues in individuals with cocaine use disorders or potential sex differences in this response. Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin on cocaine cue reactivity in cocaine dependence, modulated by gender and history of childhood trauma. Methods: Cocaine-dependent men with (n = 24) or without (n = 19) a history of childhood trauma and cocaine-dependent women with (n = 16) or without (n = 8) a history of childhood trauma completed an fMRI cocaine cue reactivity task under intranasal placebo or oxytocin (40 IU) on two different days. fMRI response was measured in the right amygdala and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC). Results: In the DMPFC, oxytocin reduced fMRI response to cocaine cues across all subject groups. However, in the amygdala, only men with a history of childhood trauma showed a significantly reduced fMRI response to cocaine cues on oxytocin versus placebo, while women with a history of childhood trauma showed an enhanced amygdala response to cocaine cues following oxytocin administration. Cocaine-dependent subjects with no history of childhood trauma showed no effect of oxytocin on amygdala response. Conclusions: Oxytocin can reduce cue reactivity in cocaine dependence, but its effect is modified by sex and childhood trauma history. Whereas men with cocaine dependence may benefit from oxytocin administration, additional studies are needed to determine whether oxytocin can be an effective therapeutic for cocaine-dependent women.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130601-7
ISSN	1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
ISSN (online)	1432-2072
ISSN	0033-3158
DOI	10.1007/s00213-019-05360-7
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Article ; Online: Effects of intranasal oxytocin on threat- and reward-related functional connectivity in men and women with and without childhood abuse-related PTSD.

Sippel, Lauren M / Flanagan, Julianne C / Holtzheimer, Paul E / Moran-Santa-Maria, Megan M / Brady, Kathleen T / Joseph, Jane E

Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging

2021 Volume 317, Page(s) 111368

Abstract: Novel treatments that target neurobiological alterations associated with childhood trauma, particularly among those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), could mitigate negative outcomes for these at-risk individuals. PTSD is characterized by ... ...

Abstract	Novel treatments that target neurobiological alterations associated with childhood trauma, particularly among those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), could mitigate negative outcomes for these at-risk individuals. PTSD is characterized by abnormalities within the brain's salience network and reward circuitry, which are modulated by intranasal oxytocin. Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, we tested whether intranasal oxytocin (24 international units) influenced functional coupling of the amygdala with the anterior insula (AI), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and nucleus accumbens in response to implicitly presented fearful, angry, and happy faces among childhood trauma-exposed individuals with (n = 16, 9 women) and without PTSD (n = 18, 12 women). Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that oxytocin effects were limited to amygdala-AI connectivity in the fear condition, distinct for men and women, and not impacted by PTSD diagnosis. In response to fear faces, oxytocin reduced left amygdala-left AI connectivity for women but not men; reduced left amygdala-right AI connectivity among women, but increased this connectivity in men; and reduced right amygdala-right anterior insula connectivity for men, but increased it for women. Results suggest that intranasal oxytocin modulates threat salience among childhood trauma-exposed individuals and that these effects vary as a function of gender and hemisphere.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intranasal ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oxytocin/administration & dosage ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Reward ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Oxytocin (50-56-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7506 ; 1872-7123 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7506 ; 1872-7123
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111368
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Article ; Online: A comparison of trauma profiles among individuals with prescription opioid, nicotine, or cocaine dependence.

Lawson, Katie M / Back, Sudie E / Hartwell, Karen J / Moran-Santa Maria, Megan / Brady, Kathleen T

The American journal on addictions

2013 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 127–131

Abstract: Background and objectives: Exposure to traumatic events is common among individuals with substance use disorders. Little is known, however, about the trauma histories among individuals with various types of addiction.: Methods: The present study ... ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Exposure to traumatic events is common among individuals with substance use disorders. Little is known, however, about the trauma histories among individuals with various types of addiction. Methods: The present study compared the trauma histories (general, sexual, physical and emotional) of non-treatment seeking outpatients dependent on prescription opioids (n = 41), nicotine (n = 87) or cocaine (n = 73). The Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R) was completed by participants to assess childhood and adult trauma. Results: The findings revealed that all three groups endorsed high levels of trauma exposure, with 96.5% of the entire sample experiencing at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. The prescription opiate group experienced a greater number of general and total traumas than the nicotine group. However, no group differences in the number of emotional, physical, or sexual traumas were revealed. The prescription opiate group reported a younger age of first traumatic event than the cocaine group, and was significantly more likely to report childhood traumatic events than both the cocaine and nicotine groups. Conclusions and scientific significance: The findings provide clinically relevant information that may help improve screening, interventions, and preventative efforts.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Opioid-Related Disorders/complications ; Opioid-Related Disorders/psychology ; Prescription Drugs/adverse effects ; Sex Offenses/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/complications ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Tobacco Use Disorder/complications ; Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology ; Wounds and Injuries/psychology
Chemical Substances	Prescription Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1141440-6
ISSN	1521-0391 ; 1055-0496
ISSN (online)	1521-0391
ISSN	1055-0496
DOI	10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00319.x
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Article ; Online: Effects of oxytocin on stress reactivity and craving in veterans with co-occurring PTSD and alcohol use disorder.

Flanagan, Julianne C / Allan, Nicholas P / Calhoun, Casey D / Badour, Christal L / Moran-Santa Maria, Megan / Brady, Kathleen T / Back, Sudie E

Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology

2018 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 45–54

Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are highly prevalent and commonly co-occur. The dual diagnosis of PTSD/AUD is associated with serious negative sequalae, and there are currently no effective pharmacological treatments ... ...

Abstract	Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are highly prevalent and commonly co-occur. The dual diagnosis of PTSD/AUD is associated with serious negative sequalae, and there are currently no effective pharmacological treatments for this comorbidity. Both PTSD and AUD are characterized by dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which helps modulate stress reactivity. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide that attenuates HPA axis dysregulation, may be beneficial for individuals with co-occurring PTSD/AUD. Thus, the current study examined the effects of intranasal oxytocin (40 IU) as compared with placebo on stress reactivity (e.g., cortisol) as well as subjective alcohol craving in response to a laboratory stress task (Trier Social Stress Task). Participants were 67 male U.S. military veterans with current PTSD and AUD (oxytocin n = 32, placebo n = 35; overall mean age = 49.06 years). Baseline cortisol levels were examined as a moderator of outcome. The findings revealed that oxytocin marginally attenuated cortisol reactivity in response to the stress task. Furthermore, oxytocin's effect was moderated by baseline cortisol level, such that oxytocin mitigated cortisol reactivity to a greater extent among participants with higher, as compared with lower, baseline cortisol. Oxytocin did not reduce craving. Although preliminary, the findings are the first to examine oxytocin in co-occurring PTSD/AUD. The findings from this study contribute to the growing literature examining the potential utility of oxytocin among individuals with psychiatric disorders, such as PTSD and substance use disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intranasal ; Alcoholism/diagnosis ; Alcoholism/prevention & control ; Alcoholism/psychology ; Craving/drug effects ; Craving/physiology ; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry) ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Monitoring/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxytocin/administration & dosage ; Psychological Techniques ; Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Treatment Outcome ; Veterans/psychology
Chemical Substances	Psychotropic Drugs ; Oxytocin (50-56-6) ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1209960-0
ISSN	1936-2293 ; 1064-1297
ISSN (online)	1936-2293
ISSN	1064-1297
DOI	10.1037/pha0000232
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Article: Integrated Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders: The Mediating Role of PTSD Improvement in the Reduction of Depression.

Korte, Kristina J / Bountress, Kaitlin E / Tomko, Rachel L / Killeen, Therese / Moran-Santa Maria, Megan / Back, Sudie E

Journal of clinical medicine

2017 Volume 6, Issue 1

Abstract: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents one of the most common mental health disorders, particularly among veterans, and is associated with significant distress and impairment. This highly debilitating disorder is further complicated by common ... ...

Abstract	Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents one of the most common mental health disorders, particularly among veterans, and is associated with significant distress and impairment. This highly debilitating disorder is further complicated by common comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as substance use disorders (SUD). Individuals with PTSD and co-occurring SUD also commonly present with secondary symptoms, such as elevated depression. Little is known, however, about how these secondary symptoms are related to treatment outcome. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to examine (1) the effects of treatment of comorbid PTSD/SUD on depressive symptoms; and (2) whether this effect was mediated by changes in PTSD severity or changes in SUD severity. Participants were 81 U.S. military veterans (90.1% male) with PTSD and SUD enrolled in a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an integrated, exposure-based treatment (
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm6010009
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Article ; Online: Impact of endogenous progesterone on reactivity to yohimbine and cocaine cues in cocaine-dependent women.

Moran-Santa Maria, Megan M / Sherman, Brian J / Brady, Kathleen T / Baker, Nathaniel L / Hyer, J Madison / Ferland, Chantelle / McRae-Clark, Aimee L

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior

2017 Volume 165, Page(s) 63–69

Abstract: Background and objective: Data from clinical and preclinical models of relapse suggest that progesterone attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior. In a recent study, we found that cocaine-dependent women reported greater subjective responses to cues that ... ...

Abstract	Background and objective: Data from clinical and preclinical models of relapse suggest that progesterone attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior. In a recent study, we found that cocaine-dependent women reported greater subjective responses to cues that were preceded by a stressor than cocaine-dependent men. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of endogenous progesterone on the subjective and endocrine responses to a drug-paired cue that was preceded by a stressor in cocaine-dependent women. Methods: Cocaine-dependent women with low (<4ng/ml; n=16) and high (≥4ng/ml; n=9) plasma progesterone levels received either the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine (21.6mg) or placebo before each of two cocaine-cue exposure sessions. Participants were tested under both conditions in a counterbalanced, double-blind fashion. Data were collected after study drug administration, immediately and at 5, 30, and 60min after the cue. Results: The anxiety response to the cue was differentially modified by progesterone levels under the two administration conditions (condition×progesterone level interaction, F Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that high levels of endogenous progesterone attenuate subjective responses to drug-cues that are preceded by a stressor. Importantly, these data support a growing literature demonstrating the protective effects of progesterone on the vulnerability to cocaine relapse in women.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Adult ; Anxiety/blood ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; Cocaine/adverse effects ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/physiopathology ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/psychology ; Craving ; Cues ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug-Seeking Behavior/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Placebos ; Progesterone/blood ; Progesterone/physiology ; Recurrence ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Yohimbine/administration & dosage ; Yohimbine/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists ; Placebos ; Yohimbine (2Y49VWD90Q) ; Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Cocaine (I5Y540LHVR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	191042-5
ISSN	1873-5177 ; 0091-3057
ISSN (online)	1873-5177
ISSN	0091-3057
DOI	10.1016/j.pbb.2017.11.001
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