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Article: "Qi Nan" agarwood restores podocyte autophagy in diabetic kidney disease by targeting EGFR signaling pathway.

Li, Ning / Liu, Xuenan / Wang, Hao / Duan, Yingling / Zhang, Yu / Zhou, Ping / Dai, Haofu / Lan, Tian

2024 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 63

Abstract: Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing to end-stage renal disease with limited treatment options. The development of DKD is attributed to podocyte injury resulting from abnormal ... ...

Abstract	Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing to end-stage renal disease with limited treatment options. The development of DKD is attributed to podocyte injury resulting from abnormal podocyte autophagy. Consequently, the restoration of podocyte autophagy is deemed a practicable approach in the treatment of DKD. Methods: Diabetic mice were induced by streptozotocin and high-fat diet feeding. Following 8 weeks of "QN" agarwood treatment, metrics such as albuminuria, serum creatinine (Scr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. Renal histological lesions were evaluated by H&E, PAS, Masson, and Sirius red staining. Evaluation of the effects of "QN" agarwood on renal inflammation and fibrosis in DKD mice through WB, q-PCR, and IHC staining analysis. Cytoscape 3.7.1 was used to construct a PPI network. With the DAVID server, the gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways of the target enrichment were performed. Molecular docking and binding affinity calculations were conducted using AutoDock, while PyMOL software was employed for visualizing the docking results of active compounds and protein targets. Results: The results of this study show that "QN" agarwood reduced albuminuria, Scr, and BUN in DKD mice, and improved the renal pathological process. Additionally, "QN" agarwood was observed to downregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors in the kidneys of DKD mice. Network pharmacology predicts that "QN" agarwood modulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. "QN" agarwood can increase the expression of LC3B and Nphs1 in DKD mice while reducing the expression of EGFR. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that "QN" agarwood ameliorated renal injury in DKD by targeting EGFR and restoring podocyte autophagy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2260322-0
ISSN	1749-8546
ISSN	1749-8546
DOI	10.1186/s13020-024-00923-z
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Article ; Online: Effects of konjac glucan-nan/low-acyl gellan edible coatings loaded thymol-β-cyclodextrin microcapsules on postharvest blueberry.

Ding, Jie / Liu, Chunyan / Huang, Peng / Li, Hongying / Liu, Yan / Sameen, Dur E / Zhang, Yuwei / Liu, Yaowen / Qin, Wen

Food chemistry

2023 Volume 430, Page(s) 137080

Abstract: This study developed an edible antimicrobial coating using a blend of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low acyl gellan gum (LAG) hydrogel to incorporate thymol nanoparticles (TKL). The optimized TKL formulation (TKL60) comprised 0.22% thymol microcapsules ( ... ...

Abstract	This study developed an edible antimicrobial coating using a blend of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low acyl gellan gum (LAG) hydrogel to incorporate thymol nanoparticles (TKL). The optimized TKL formulation (TKL60) comprised 0.22% thymol microcapsules (TMs), 0.075% total polysaccharide content (KGM:LAG = 1:2), and 99.63% distilled water. When applied to blueberries, TKL60 significantly extended their shelf life to 42 d at 2 ± 0.5 °C, tripling that of control fruit. TKL60 reduced decay rate, weight loss, and respiration rate, delayed softening and senescence during cold storage. It preserved the outer epidermis by retaining cuticular waxes, curbing lipid oxidation, and sustaining defense-related enzyme activities. Flavor analysis revealed altered volatile compound concentrations in TKL60-treated berries, including decreased terpenes and benzaldehyde, and increased esters and aldehydes like 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol, and linalool. Discriminant Analysis highlighted TKL60's efficacy in delaying aroma deterioration by over 21 d. TKL60 exhibits potential as a substitute for synthetic coatings and chemical insecticides.
MeSH term(s)	Thymol ; Blueberry Plants/chemistry ; Amorphophallus ; Glucans ; Edible Films ; Capsules ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry
Chemical Substances	gellan gum (7593U09I4D) ; Thymol (3J50XA376E) ; Glucans ; Capsules ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137080
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Article ; Online: Effects of konjac glucan-nan/low-acyl gellan edible coatings loaded thymol-β-cyclodextrin microcapsules on postharvest blueberry

Ding, Jie / Liu, Chunyan / Huang, Peng / Li, Hongying / Liu, Yan / Sameen, Dur E. / Zhang, Yuwei / Liu, Yaowen / Qin, Wen

Food Chemistry. 2024 Jan., v. 430 p.137080-

2024

Abstract	This study developed an edible antimicrobial coating using a blend of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and low acyl gellan gum (LAG) hydrogel to incorporate thymol nanoparticles (TKL). The optimized TKL formulation (TKL60) comprised 0.22% thymol microcapsules (TMs), 0.075% total polysaccharide content (KGM:LAG = 1:2), and 99.63% distilled water. When applied to blueberries, TKL60 significantly extended their shelf life to 42 d at 2 ± 0.5 °C, tripling that of control fruit. TKL60 reduced decay rate, weight loss, and respiration rate, delayed softening and senescence during cold storage. It preserved the outer epidermis by retaining cuticular waxes, curbing lipid oxidation, and sustaining defense-related enzyme activities. Flavor analysis revealed altered volatile compound concentrations in TKL60-treated berries, including decreased terpenes and benzaldehyde, and increased esters and aldehydes like 2-methylbutanol, 3-methylbutanol, and linalool. Discriminant Analysis highlighted TKL60′s efficacy in delaying aroma deterioration by over 21 d. TKL60 exhibits potential as a substitute for synthetic coatings and chemical insecticides.
Keywords	Amorphophallus ; benzaldehyde ; blueberries ; cell respiration ; cold storage ; discriminant analysis ; enzymes ; flavor ; food chemistry ; fruits ; gellan gum ; hydrogels ; konjac mannan ; linalool ; lipid peroxidation ; nanoparticles ; odors ; shelf life ; thymol ; volatile compounds ; weight loss ; KGM-LAG blended hydrogels ; Edible coating ; Blueberry
Language	English
Dates of publication	2024-01
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	243123-3
ISSN	1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
ISSN (online)	1873-7072
ISSN	0308-8146
DOI	10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137080
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Article ; Online: Genetic relationship and source species identification of 58 Qi-Nan germplasms of Aquilaria species in China that easily form agarwood.

Kang, Yong / Liu, Peiwei / Lv, Feifei / Zhang, Yuxiu / Yang, Yun / Wei, Jianhe

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) e0270167

Abstract: Recently, Qi-Nan germplasm, the germplasm of Aquilaria species that easily forms agarwood, has been ... of Qi-Nan germplasm are similar to those of Aquilaria species and germplasm is bred by grafting, it is ... In this study, we performed a DNA barcoding analysis of 58 major Qi-Nan germplasms as well as Aquilaria sinensis ...

Abstract	Recently, Qi-Nan germplasm, the germplasm of Aquilaria species that easily forms agarwood, has been widely cultivated in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces in China. Since the morphological characteristics of Qi-Nan germplasm are similar to those of Aquilaria species and germplasm is bred by grafting, it is difficult to determine the source species of this germplasm by traditional taxonomic characteristics. In this study, we performed a DNA barcoding analysis of 58 major Qi-Nan germplasms as well as Aquilaria sinensis, A. yunnanensis, A. crassna, A. malaccensis and A. hirta with 5 primers (nuclear gene internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and the chloroplast genes matK, trnH-psbA, rbcL and trnL-trnF). This field survey in the Qi-Nan germplasm plantations in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces aimed to accurately identify the source species of Qi-Nan germplasm. According to the results, ITS2 and matK showed the most variability and the highest divergence at all genetic distances. This ITS2+matK combination, screened for with TaxonDNA analysis, showed the highest success rate in species identification of the Qi-Nan germplasm. Clustering in the phylogenetic trees constructed with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood indicated that the Qi-Nan germplasm was most closely related to A. sinensis and more distantly related to A. yunnanensis, A. crassna, A. malaccensis and A. hirta. Therefore, this study determined that the source species of the Qi-Nan germplasm is A. sinensis.
MeSH term(s)	Bayes Theorem ; China ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; DNA, Plant/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant Breeding ; Thymelaeaceae/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Plant
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0270167
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Article ; Online: Structural Alterations of the "Address" Moiety of NAN Leading to the Discovery of a Novel Opioid Receptor Modulator with Reduced hERG Toxicity.

Ma, Hongguang / Pagare, Piyusha P / Li, Mengchu / Neel, Logan T / Mendez, Rolando E / Gillespie, James C / Stevens, David L / Dewey, William L / Selley, Dana E / Zhang, Yan

Journal of medicinal chemistry

2022 Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) 577–595

Abstract: ... profile has always been an area of interest. Our previous effort yielded a potent opioid modulator, NAN ...

Abstract	The search for selective opioid ligands with desired pharmacological potency and improved safety profile has always been an area of interest. Our previous effort yielded a potent opioid modulator, NAN, a 6α-
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Receptors, Opioid ; Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; Ligands
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Opioid ; compound 21 (RC2V4W0EYC) ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels ; Ligands
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	218133-2
ISSN	1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
ISSN (online)	1520-4804
ISSN	0022-2623
DOI	10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01499
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Article ; Online: Mediating Effect of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on the Physiological Characteristics of “Qi-Nan” Agarwood from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.)

Huang, Jingyue / Zhao, Zhang / Bai, Tiandao / Xiong, Junfei / Li, Yingjian / Wei, Penglian / Fu, Yunlin

Forests. 2023 Mar. 23, v. 14, no. 4

2023

Abstract: ... leaf nutrient content of “Qi-Nan” agarwood seedlings. The aim is to provide a theoretical foundation ... for the efficient cultivation of “Qi-Nan”. The experiment was conducted under field conditions using a Randomized ... fertilization. In conclusion, biological organic fertilizer significantly promotes the growth of “Qi-Nan ...

Abstract	This study examines the impact of bio-organic fertilizers on the physiological characteristics and leaf nutrient content of “Qi-Nan” agarwood seedlings. The aim is to provide a theoretical foundation for the efficient cultivation of “Qi-Nan”. The experiment was conducted under field conditions using a Randomized complete block design. The control group received no fertilization, while the three fertilizer-treated groups received vermicompost, sheep manure, or microbial organic fertilizer. The results indicate that the application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of plant height and diameter, increased the contents of soluble proteins, soluble sugar, chlorophyll, and leaf nutrients; and decreased the contents of free proline, peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and other stress indices. Redundancy analysis showed that the main factors affecting the seedlings height and diameter were free proline, chlorophyll, total nitrogen, and total potassium. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis revealed significant variations in growth, physiological characteristics, and nutrient content among the three fertilizer groups and the control group, with vermicompost > microbial organic fertilizer > sheep manure > no fertilization. In conclusion, biological organic fertilizer significantly promotes the growth of “Qi-Nan” seedlings, and vermicompost is the most effective fertilizer in this experiment.
Keywords	Aquilaria sinensis ; bio-organic fertilizer ; chlorophyll ; leaves ; malondialdehyde ; nutrient content ; peroxidase ; plant height ; potassium ; principal component analysis ; proline ; sheep manure ; sugars ; total nitrogen ; vermicomposts
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0323
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f14040666
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Article ; Online: Metallogeny of the Yi’nan Tongjing Au–Cu skarn deposit, Luxi district, North China Craton

Wen-Yan Cai / Zhao-Lu Zhang / Xiao Liu / Ji-Lei Gao / Ming Ma / Yadong Li / Ying-Xin Song / Zeng-Sheng Li

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

Perspective from in-suit trace elements, sulfur and lead isotopes of sulfides

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: ... hydrothermal processes. The Yi’nan Tongjing Au–Cu deposit is located in the central part of the Luxi district ... of shallow crustal material. The Yi’nan Tongjing Au–Cu skarn deposit was formed in the ... ...

Abstract	Gold–Cu skarn deposits are characterized by a diverse mineral assemblage, whose in-situ major/trace elements and isotope compositions can provide key constraints to the migration and enrichment of Au during hydrothermal processes. The Yi’nan Tongjing Au–Cu deposit is located in the central part of the Luxi district, and both skarn and Au–Cu ore bodies occur at the contact between the Early Cretaceous diorite porphyry and the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian carbonate rocks. Five stages of mineralization were identified: 1) early skarn (garnet–diopside–wollastonite); 2) late skarn (magnetite–epidote–actinolite±tremolite); 3) oxide (specularite–hematite); 4) sulfide (pyrite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–quartz–chlorite); and 5) late quartz–calcite. The mineralization process in the Tongjing Au-Cu deposit was revealed by detailed scanning electron microscope-backscattered electron imaging, electron probe microanalysis, in-situ trace element, sulfur and lead isotope analysis. Magnetite is enriched in chalcophile elements (Cu, Zn, Pb), Co and Ni, probably due to hydrothermal overprint. The substitution of As and other elements in the formation of pyrite is conducive to the entry of Au into pyrite. The increase of Se and As contents in pyrite from stage IVa to IVb indicates that the temperature, salinity and oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming fluid decrease while the pH rises, resulting in the unloading of Au. The temperature of Au mineralization based on the Se content in pyrite does not exceed 300°C. Furthermore, V positively correlated with Ti and Ni/Cr ratios ≥1 in magnetite and most Co/Ni ratios in pyrite >10 all confirm their hydrothermal origins. The restricted sulfur (δ34SV-CDT = −0.5–1.2‰; mean = 0.4‰) and lead (206Pb/204Pb = 17.323–17.383; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.424–15.452; 208Pb/204Pb = 37.367–37.454) isotopic compositions suggest that the deep magma provided the primary mineralized material, accompanied by a relatively small amount of shallow crustal material. The Yi’nan Tongjing Au–Cu skarn deposit was formed in the ...
Keywords	in-situ trace elements analyses ; in-situ sulfur and lead isotopes ; Au precipitation mechanism ; Yi’nan Tongjing ; skarn deposit ; Luxi district ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals different defence responses during the early stage of wounding stress in Chi-Nan germplasm and ordinary Aquilaria sinensis.

Lv, Feifei / Yang, Yun / Sun, Peiwen / Zhang, Yan / Liu, Peiwei / Fan, Xiaohong / Xu, Yanhong / Wei, Jianhe

BMC plant biology

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 464

Abstract: ... In this article, a comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out between ordinary A. sinensis and Chi-Nan ... 1153 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in wounded ordinary A. sinensis and Chi-Nan ... by qRT-PCR. The candidate genes expression levels were higher in Chi-Nan germplasm than that in ordinary ...

Abstract	Background: Agarwood is a valuable Chinese medicinal herb and spice that is produced from wounded Aquilaria spp., is widely used in Southeast Asia and is highly traded on the market. The lack of highly responsive Aquilaria lines has seriously restricted agarwood yield and the development of its industry. In this article, a comparative transcriptome analysis was carried out between ordinary A. sinensis and Chi-Nan germplasm, which is a kind of A. sinensis tree with high agarwood-producing capacity in response to wounding stress, to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying wounding stress in different A. sinensis germplasm resources and to help identify and breed high agarwood-producing strains. Results: A total of 2427 and 1153 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in wounded ordinary A. sinensis and Chi-Nan germplasm compared with the control groups, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that genes participating in starch metabolism, secondary metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction might play major roles in the early regulation of wound stress. 86 DEGs related to oxygen metabolism, JA pathway and sesquiterpene biosynthesis were identified. The majority of the expression of these genes was differentially induced between two germplasm resources under wounding stress. 13 candidate genes related to defence and sesquiterpene biosynthesis were obtained by WGCNA. Furthermore, the expression pattern of genes were verified by qRT-PCR. The candidate genes expression levels were higher in Chi-Nan germplasm than that in ordinary A. sinensis during early stage of wounding stress, which may play important roles in regulating high agarwood-producing capacity in Chi-Nan germplasm. Conclusions: Compared with A. sinensis, Chi-Nan germplasm invoked different biological processes in response to wounding stress. The genes related to defence signals and sesquiterepene biosynthesis pathway were induced to expression differentially between two germplasm resources. A total of 13 candidate genes were identified, which may correlate with high agarwood-producting capacity in Chi-Nan germplasm during the early stage of wounding stress. These genes will contribute to the development of functional molecular markers and the rapid breeding highly of responsive Aquilaria lines.
MeSH term(s)	Gene Expression Profiling ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Plant Breeding ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; Sesquiterpenes/metabolism ; Starch/metabolism ; Thymelaeaceae/genetics ; Thymelaeaceae/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Plant Growth Regulators ; Sesquiterpenes ; Starch (9005-25-8) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229 ; 1471-2229
ISSN (online)	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-022-03821-4
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Article: Apatinib plus vinorelbine versus vinorelbine for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who failed first/second-line treatment: the NAN trial.

Li, Dou-Dou / Tao, Zhong-Hua / Wang, Bi-Yun / Wang, Lei-Ping / Cao, Jun / Hu, Xi-Chun / Zhang, Jian

NPJ breast cancer

2022 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 110

Abstract: While therapies such as chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, sacituzumab govitecan, and PARP inhibitors are available for metastatic TNBC, on disease progression after these therapies, the mainstay of therapy is chemotherapy. Apatinib is a small- ... ...

Abstract	While therapies such as chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, sacituzumab govitecan, and PARP inhibitors are available for metastatic TNBC, on disease progression after these therapies, the mainstay of therapy is chemotherapy. Apatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has promising anti-angiogenesis and antitumor activity for TNBC. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding apatinib to chemotherapy in patients with advanced TNBC with failed first/second-line treatment. A total of 66 patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive vinorelbine or vinorelbine with apatinib in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR) and safety. 33 received apatinib plus vinorelbine and 32 received vinorelbine (1 was withdrawal). Median PFS was significantly longer in the apatinib plus vinorelbine group than in the vinorelbine group (3.9 months vs. 2.0 months; hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 3.11; P = 0.026). Median OS was 11.5 months with apatinib plus vinorelbine and 9.9 months with vinorelbine (HR,1.01; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.97; P = 0.985). The ORR was 9.1% in the apatinib plus vinorelbine group and 6.3% in the vinorelbine group (P = 0.667). The most common treatment-related hematologic grade 3-4 adverse events in apatinib plus vinorelbine group, were leukopenia, granulocytopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. no treatment-related nonhematologic grade 4 adverse events or treatment-related deaths were observed. Collectively, adding apatinib to vinorelbine shows a promising benefit in PFS compared to vinorelbine monotherapy, with an excellent toxicity profile, warranting further exploration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2374-4677
ISSN	2374-4677
DOI	10.1038/s41523-022-00462-6
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Article ; Online: Genetic relationship and source species identification of 58 Qi-Nan germplasms of Aquilaria species in China that easily form agarwood

Yong Kang / Peiwei Liu / Feifei Lv / Yuxiu Zhang / Yun Yang / Jianhe Wei

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss

2022 Volume 6

Abstract	Recently, Qi-Nan germplasm, the germplasm of Aquilaria species that easily forms agarwood, has been widely cultivated in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces in China. Since the morphological characteristics of Qi-Nan germplasm are similar to those of Aquilaria species and germplasm is bred by grafting, it is difficult to determine the source species of this germplasm by traditional taxonomic characteristics. In this study, we performed a DNA barcoding analysis of 58 major Qi-Nan germplasms as well as Aquilaria sinensis, A. yunnanensis, A. crassna, A. malaccensis and A. hirta with 5 primers (nuclear gene internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and the chloroplast genes matK, trnH-psbA, rbcL and trnL-trnF). This field survey in the Qi-Nan germplasm plantations in Guangdong and Hainan Provinces aimed to accurately identify the source species of Qi-Nan germplasm. According to the results, ITS2 and matK showed the most variability and the highest divergence at all genetic distances. This ITS2+matK combination, screened for with TaxonDNA analysis, showed the highest success rate in species identification of the Qi-Nan germplasm. Clustering in the phylogenetic trees constructed with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood indicated that the Qi-Nan germplasm was most closely related to A. sinensis and more distantly related to A. yunnanensis, A. crassna, A. malaccensis and A. hirta. Therefore, this study determined that the source species of the Qi-Nan germplasm is A. sinensis.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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