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  1. Article: Improper solid waste management increases potential for COVID-19 spread in developing countries.

    Nzediegwu, Christopher / Chang, Scott X

    Resources, conservation, and recycling

    2020  Volume 161, Page(s) 104947

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-14
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1498716-8
    ISSN 0921-3449
    ISSN 0921-3449
    DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104947
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  2. Article ; Online: Effects of nitric acid modification on hydrochar's combustion, fuel and thermal properties are dependent on feedstock type.

    Nzediegwu, Christopher / Naeth, M Anne / Chang, Scott X

    Bioresource technology

    2022  Volume 354, Page(s) 127245

    Abstract: Elevated metal (e.g., alkali metals) and ash contents can negatively impact the use of biomass-derived solid fuels, including hydrochars, in clean energy generation. The effects of nitric acid modification on those and other properties (combustion, fuel ... ...

    Abstract Elevated metal (e.g., alkali metals) and ash contents can negatively impact the use of biomass-derived solid fuels, including hydrochars, in clean energy generation. The effects of nitric acid modification on those and other properties (combustion, fuel and thermal) were studied for hydrochars produced at three temperatures from four feedstocks. Through side-chain oxidation and surface protonation, nitric acid significantly leached metals from pristine hydrochars to a maximum of five order and increased their burnout temperature by 9-41%, but its effect on ash content, gross calorific values and ignition temperature depended on feedstock type and carbonization temperature. Ignition temperature increased by > 2 times for modified manure pellet hydrochar produced at 300 °C. The combustion characteristics index for the hydrochars was above the minimum benchmark (2 × 10
    MeSH term(s) Biomass ; Carbon ; Manure ; Nitric Acid ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances Manure ; Nitric Acid (411VRN1TV4) ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127245
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  3. Article: Feedstock type drives surface property, demineralization and element leaching of nitric acid-activated biochars more than pyrolysis temperature

    Nzediegwu, Christopher / Naeth, M. Anne / Chang, Scott X.

    Bioresource technology. 2022 Jan., v. 344

    2022  

    Abstract: Nitric acid activation (NA-A) effects on the surface properties, mineral phases and element compositions of biochars produced from four feedstocks at three temperatures were evaluated. NA-A increased biochar thermal stability, but its effect on ash ... ...

    Abstract Nitric acid activation (NA-A) effects on the surface properties, mineral phases and element compositions of biochars produced from four feedstocks at three temperatures were evaluated. NA-A increased biochar thermal stability, but its effect on ash content and surface area was feedstock-dependent, with ash content in manure pellet biochars less affected due to a high quartz content. Apart from the manure pellet biochars and the sawdust biochar produced at 400 °C, NA-A decreased the surface area of biochars by up to 100% due to reduced pore volume. Nitric acid significantly leached elements such as potassium from biochars due to protonation and their reactions with several mineral phases, such as sylvite, on the biochars (p < 0.05). This study shows that mineral phases and element compositions of nitric acid-activated biochars were driven more by the feedstock type than the pyrolysis temperature and the derived biochars would be poor adsorbents.
    Keywords adsorbents ; ash content ; biochar ; feedstocks ; nitric acid ; potassium ; protonation ; pyrolysis ; quartz ; sawdust ; surface area ; technology ; temperature ; thermal stability
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126316
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  4. Article: Effects of nitric acid modification on hydrochar’s combustion, fuel and thermal properties are dependent on feedstock type

    Nzediegwu, Christopher / Naeth, M. Anne / Chang, Scott X.

    Bioresource technology. 2022 June, v. 354

    2022  

    Abstract: Elevated metal (e.g., alkali metals) and ash contents can negatively impact the use of biomass-derived solid fuels, including hydrochars, in clean energy generation. The effects of nitric acid modification on those and other properties (combustion, fuel ... ...

    Abstract Elevated metal (e.g., alkali metals) and ash contents can negatively impact the use of biomass-derived solid fuels, including hydrochars, in clean energy generation. The effects of nitric acid modification on those and other properties (combustion, fuel and thermal) were studied for hydrochars produced at three temperatures from four feedstocks. Through side-chain oxidation and surface protonation, nitric acid significantly leached metals from pristine hydrochars to a maximum of five order and increased their burnout temperature by 9–41%, but its effect on ash content, gross calorific values and ignition temperature depended on feedstock type and carbonization temperature. Ignition temperature increased by > 2 times for modified manure pellet hydrochar produced at 300 °C. The combustion characteristics index for the hydrochars was above the minimum benchmark (2 × 10⁻⁷ %² min⁻² °C⁻³) for a typical solid fuel. Therefore, nitric acid can effectively improve hydrochar’s combustion and fuel properties and reduce slagging in industrial boilers.
    Keywords ash content ; carbonization ; clean energy ; combustion ; hydrochars ; nitric acid ; protonation ; technology ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127245
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  5. Article ; Online: A comprehensive review of coconut-based porous materials for wastewater treatment and CO

    Khan, Mahmudul Hasan / Akash, Nasim Mahmud / Akter, Sonia / Rukh, Mahe / Nzediegwu, Christopher / Islam, Md Shahinoor

    Journal of environmental management

    2023  Volume 338, Page(s) 117825

    Abstract: For several decades, water pollution has become a major threat to aquatic and non-aquatic species, including humans. Different treatment techniques have already been proposed and implemented depending on wastewater characteristics. But many of these ... ...

    Abstract For several decades, water pollution has become a major threat to aquatic and non-aquatic species, including humans. Different treatment techniques have already been proposed and implemented depending on wastewater characteristics. But many of these treatment techniques are expensive and inefficient. Adsorption-based techniques have shown impressive performances as an inexpensive treatment method previously. Coconut-based resources have been considered as adsorbents for wastewater treatment because of their abundance, low cost, and favorable surface properties. However, over the last decade, no comprehensive study has been published regarding biochar from coconut-based materials for wastewater treatment and CO
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adsorption ; Carbon Dioxide ; Charcoal/chemistry ; Cocos/chemistry ; Phenols ; Porosity ; Wastewater ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry ; Water Purification/methods
    Chemical Substances biochar ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Charcoal (16291-96-6) ; Phenols ; Wastewater ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117825
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    Z 7556: Show issues

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  6. Article ; Online: Lead(II) adsorption on microwave-pyrolyzed biochars and hydrochars depends on feedstock type and production temperature.

    Nzediegwu, Christopher / Naeth, M Anne / Chang, Scott X

    Journal of hazardous materials

    2021  Volume 412, Page(s) 125255

    Abstract: Adsorption of lead(II) using carbon-rich chars is an environmentally sustainable approach to remediate lead(II) pollution in industrial wastewater. We studied mechanisms for lead(II) adsorption from synthetic wastewater by biochars produced by microwave- ... ...

    Abstract Adsorption of lead(II) using carbon-rich chars is an environmentally sustainable approach to remediate lead(II) pollution in industrial wastewater. We studied mechanisms for lead(II) adsorption from synthetic wastewater by biochars produced by microwave-assisted pyrolysis and hydrochars by hydrothermal carbonization at three temperatures using four feedstocks. Lead(II) adsorption was highest (165 mg g
    MeSH term(s) Adsorption ; Charcoal ; Lead ; Microwaves ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances biochar ; Charcoal (16291-96-6) ; Lead (2P299V784P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-29
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1491302-1
    ISSN 1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
    ISSN (online) 1873-3336
    ISSN 0304-3894
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125255
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  7. Article ; Online: Feedstock type drives surface property, demineralization and element leaching of nitric acid-activated biochars more than pyrolysis temperature.

    Nzediegwu, Christopher / Naeth, M Anne / Chang, Scott X

    Bioresource technology

    2021  Volume 344, Issue Pt B, Page(s) 126316

    Abstract: Nitric acid activation (NA-A) effects on the surface properties, mineral phases and element compositions of biochars produced from four feedstocks at three temperatures were evaluated. NA-A increased biochar thermal stability, but its effect on ash ... ...

    Abstract Nitric acid activation (NA-A) effects on the surface properties, mineral phases and element compositions of biochars produced from four feedstocks at three temperatures were evaluated. NA-A increased biochar thermal stability, but its effect on ash content and surface area was feedstock-dependent, with ash content in manure pellet biochars less affected due to a high quartz content. Apart from the manure pellet biochars and the sawdust biochar produced at 400 °C, NA-A decreased the surface area of biochars by up to 100% due to reduced pore volume. Nitric acid significantly leached elements such as potassium from biochars due to protonation and their reactions with several mineral phases, such as sylvite, on the biochars (p < 0.05). This study shows that mineral phases and element compositions of nitric acid-activated biochars were driven more by the feedstock type than the pyrolysis temperature and the derived biochars would be poor adsorbents.
    MeSH term(s) Charcoal ; Nitric Acid ; Pyrolysis ; Surface Properties ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances biochar ; Charcoal (16291-96-6) ; Nitric Acid (411VRN1TV4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126316
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  8. Article ; Online: Carbonization temperature and feedstock type interactively affect chemical, fuel, and surface properties of hydrochars.

    Nzediegwu, Christopher / Naeth, M Anne / Chang, Scott X

    Bioresource technology

    2021  Volume 330, Page(s) 124976

    Abstract: The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process that converts wet/dry biomass to hydrochars (for use as solid fuels or adsorbents) needs to be optimized. We investigated the interactive effects of feedstock type and HTC temperature on chemical, fuel, and ... ...

    Abstract The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process that converts wet/dry biomass to hydrochars (for use as solid fuels or adsorbents) needs to be optimized. We investigated the interactive effects of feedstock type and HTC temperature on chemical, fuel, and surface properties of hydrochars produced from lignocellulosic (canola straw, sawdust and wheat straw) and non-lignocellulosic feedstocks (manure pellet) at 180, 240 and 300 °C. Increased HTC temperature decreased hydrochar yield and surface functional group abundance, but increased hydrochar thermal stability due to increased devolatilization and carbonization. Hydrochar surface area ranged from 1.76 to 30.59 m
    MeSH term(s) Biomass ; Charcoal ; Manure ; Surface Properties ; Temperature
    Chemical Substances Manure ; Charcoal (16291-96-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1065195-0
    ISSN 1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
    ISSN (online) 1873-2976
    ISSN 0960-8524
    DOI 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124976
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  9. Article: Elemental composition of biochars is affected by methods used for its determination

    Nzediegwu, Christopher / Naeth, M. Anne / Chang, Scott X

    Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis. 2021 June, v. 156

    2021  

    Abstract: Ultimate analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are widely used methods for the determination of elemental composition of biomaterials such as biochar. However, models that describe the ... ...

    Abstract Ultimate analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are widely used methods for the determination of elemental composition of biomaterials such as biochar. However, models that describe the relationship in elemental composition between ultimate and spectroscopic methods are lacking. Elemental composition of biochars determined using ultimate analysis, EDX, and XPS methods was used to develop relationships among these methods using linear regression and generalized additive modelling. The relationships were evaluated using min/max accuracy and cross-validation. Based on Akaike information criterion and generalized cross-validation scores, the generalized additive model with a thin plate spline (TPS) best described the relationships. Model performance significantly improved by adding a feedstock-dependent grouping variable. Elemental carbon concentration determined by the different methods was significantly related (R² = 0.82−0.88) by the TPS. Although not detected by EDX, nitrogen concentration was significantly related by TPS (R² = 0.77) between the ultimate and XPS methods. For oxygen concentration, a strongly significant relationship (R² = 0.83−0.86) was found between the ultimate and both spectroscopic methods, but a weak one (R² < 0.54) between the XPS and EDX methods. Min/max accuracy, reaching 80 % and above during testing, confirmed that the best-fit models would predict carbon, nitrogen and oxygen concentrations with small variations for several biochars. We conclude that the elemental composition of biochars is affected by the method used for its determination and the generalized additive models developed can be used to calibrate the elemental composition analyzed using different methods.
    Keywords X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; biochar ; biocompatible materials ; carbon ; elemental composition ; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis ; model validation ; models ; nitrogen ; nitrogen content ; oxygen ; pyrolysis ; regression analysis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-06
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 0165-2370
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105174
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