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Article ; Online: Citizen Science as a Framework for Improving the Science-Society Interface in Long-Term Care Research

Michael Clark / Michelle Cornes

Journal of Long-Term Care (2023)

2023

Abstract: Context: Engaging with and involving the public in research has become a widespread consideration in many research fields, including long-term (social) and health care. Perspective: Citizen science (CS) is an umbrella concept that has grown rapidly in ... ...

Abstract	Context: Engaging with and involving the public in research has become a widespread consideration in many research fields, including long-term (social) and health care. Perspective: Citizen science (CS) is an umbrella concept that has grown rapidly in many scientific areas and has been noted as increasing in health research. Its root is the need to work at the science-society interface and its place in societal development. This interface is understood to operate in several ways, and the overarching CS goal is to strengthen it through a variety of practices. We seek to encourage a dialogue across long-term care research and CS to the benefit of both sides. Implications: We argue that using CS as an overarching concept for engaging with the public in long-term care research would provide a variety of benefits to that scientific field. These would include opportunities to examine the state of citizen involvement across the field, employing the most appropriate modes of involvement and engagement in specific contexts. It would also open opportunities to develop the methodological imagination by examining examples of CS in other research areas. CS could also benefit from the experience of public involvement in long-term care research, including its extensive consideration of power, payments, and including people with additional support needs. There is a need generally for greater dialogue about being more inclusive and addressing inequalities.
Keywords	long-term care ; research ; citizen science ; public involvement ; public engagement ; science-society interface ; Medicine ; R ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	LSE Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Review of Interprofessional Education in the United Kingdom (1997-2013) Review of Interprofessional Education in the United Kingdom (1997-2013), By Hugh Barr , Marion Helme , and Lynda D'Avray , Fareham : CAIPE , 2014 , 131 pages, ISBN: 978-0-9571382-2-3 , http://caipe.org.uk/silo/files/iperg-review-15-4-14-with-links-pdf.pdf.

Cornes, Michelle

Journal of interprofessional care

2015 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 85

Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099758-1
ISSN	1469-9567 ; 0884-3988 ; 1356-1820
ISSN (online)	1469-9567
ISSN	0884-3988 ; 1356-1820
DOI	10.3109/13561820.2014.981479
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Article ; Online: Homelessness, hospital discharge and challenges in the context of limited resources: A qualitative study of stakeholders' views on how to improve practice in a deprived setting.

McCormack, Fiona / Parry, Sian / Gidlow, Christopher / Meakin, Andy / Cornes, Michelle

Health & social care in the community

2022 Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) e4802–e4811

Abstract: Hospital discharge for people experiencing homelessness is a perennial challenge. The Homeless Reduction Act 2017 (HRA) places new responsibilities on hospitals, but it remains unknown whether this has affected discharge practices. This qualitative study ...

Abstract	Hospital discharge for people experiencing homelessness is a perennial challenge. The Homeless Reduction Act 2017 (HRA) places new responsibilities on hospitals, but it remains unknown whether this has affected discharge practices. This qualitative study explores stakeholders' views on the challenges around hospital discharge for people experiencing homelessness, in the context of a deprived English city. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 stakeholders. Participants were purposively recruited from local authority, third sector and the National Health Service. Interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis conducted. Analysis generated three main themes. First, a need for better planning and communication with the third sector, particularly around medication, prescriptions and information sharing. Second, the need to improve awareness and 'upskill' hospital staff to work more effectively with people experiencing homelessness, including understanding their needs, the wider support available and HRA requirements. Third, there were calls for (re)investment in a different approach to better support this population, based on outreach and flexibility. The need for improved partnership working and investment was emphasised. Whilst recognising the challenges faced by hospitals, especially within the context of funding cuts, this study highlights the need to recognise the third sector's contribution in supporting people experiencing homelessness in the community. Developing site-specific checklists for practice before discharge (and as early as possible) may help to ensure appropriate measures are in place. Improving legal literacy in the context of what an appropriate discharge is for people experiencing homelessness may help develop staff confidence to challenge the focus on 'quick' discharges.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Patient Discharge ; State Medicine ; Ill-Housed Persons ; Qualitative Research ; Hospitals
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1155902-0
ISSN	1365-2524 ; 0966-0410
ISSN (online)	1365-2524
ISSN	0966-0410
DOI	10.1111/hsc.13887
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Article ; Online: Physician associate/assistant contributions to cancer diagnosis in primary care: a rapid systematic review.

Sheringham, Jessica / King, Angela / Plackett, Ruth / Khan, Anwar / Cornes, Michelle / Kassianos, Angelos P

BMC health services research

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 644

Abstract: Background: Symptom recognition and timely referral in primary care are crucial for the early diagnosis of cancer. Physician assistants or associates (PAs) have been introduced in 18 healthcare systems across the world, with numbers increasing in some ... ...

Abstract	Background: Symptom recognition and timely referral in primary care are crucial for the early diagnosis of cancer. Physician assistants or associates (PAs) have been introduced in 18 healthcare systems across the world, with numbers increasing in some cases to address primary care physician shortages. Little is known about their impact on suspected cancer recognition and referral. This review sought to summarise findings from observational studies conducted in high income countries on PAs' competence and performance on processes concerned with the quality of recognition and referral of suspected cancer in primary care. Method: A rapid systematic review of international peer-reviewed literature was performed. Searches were undertaken on OVID, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases (2009-2019). Studies were eligible if they reported on PA skills, processes and outcomes relevant to suspected cancer recognition and referral. Title and abstract screening was followed by full paper review and data extraction. Synthesis of qualitative and quantitative findings was undertaken on three themes: deployment, competence, and performance. Preliminary findings were discussed with an expert advisory group to inform interpretation. Results: From 883 references, 15 eligible papers were identified, of which 13 were from the USA. Seven studies reported on general clinical processes in primary care that would support cancer diagnosis, most commonly ordering of diagnostic tests (n = 6) and referrals to specialists (n = 4). Fewer papers reported on consultation processes, such as examinations or history taking (n = 3) Six papers considered PAs' competence and performance on cancer screening. PAs performed similarly to primary care physicians on rates of diagnostic tests ordered, referrals and patient outcomes (satisfaction, malpractice, emergency visits). No studies reported on the timeliness of cancer diagnosis. Conclusion: This review of peer-reviewed literature combined with advisory group interpretation suggests the introduction of PAs into primary care may maintain the quality of referrals and diagnostic tests needed to support cancer diagnosis. It also highlights the lack of research on several aspects of PAs' roles, including outcomes of the diagnostic process.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neoplasms ; Physician Assistants ; Physicians ; Primary Health Care ; Referral and Consultation ; Specialization
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2050434-2
ISSN	1472-6963 ; 1472-6963
ISSN (online)	1472-6963
ISSN	1472-6963
DOI	10.1186/s12913-021-06667-y
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Article ; Online: Pre-clerkship Teaching and Learning in the Virtual Learning Environment: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.

Sewell, Justin L / Joshi, Mihir / Thanh, Cassandra / Apollon, Chantilly / Austin, Elizabeth / Burke, Christian / Cornes, Susannah / Davis, John A / Hermiston, Michelle

Medical science educator

2022 , Page(s) 1–5

Abstract: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed and implemented a theory-informed process to adapt a comprehensive pre-clerkship medical school curriculum to run in the virtual learning environment utilizing sociocultural learning theory and cognitive ...

Abstract	In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed and implemented a theory-informed process to adapt a comprehensive pre-clerkship medical school curriculum to run in the virtual learning environment utilizing sociocultural learning theory and cognitive load theory. Of 124 student respondents, 45% rated virtual learning as very or extremely effective, and 49% as moderately effective. Positive aspects of virtual learning included effectiveness of chat moderators, displaying pronouns on Zoom, active learning technology, and captioning and transcription. Negative aspects included access to technology and feeling isolated from community. Overall course ratings, examination performance, and work hours did not differ pre- and post-implementation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2156-8650
ISSN (online)	2156-8650
DOI	10.1007/s40670-022-01694-8
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Article ; Online: Why were COVID-19 infections lower than expected amongst people who are homeless in London, UK in 2020? Exploring community perspectives and the multiple pathways of health inequalities in pandemics.

Guise, Andy / Burridge, Stan / Annand, P J / Burrows, Martin / Platt, Lucy / Rathod, Sujit D / Hosseini, Paniz / Cornes, Michelle

SSM. Qualitative research in health

2022 Volume 2, Page(s) 100038

Abstract: High rates of COVID-19 infections and deaths amongst people who are homeless in London, UK were feared. Rates however stayed much lower than expected throughout 2020; an experience that compares to other settings globally. This study sought a community ... ...

Abstract	High rates of COVID-19 infections and deaths amongst people who are homeless in London, UK were feared. Rates however stayed much lower than expected throughout 2020; an experience that compares to other settings globally. This study sought a community level perspective to explore this rate of infections, and through this explore relationships between COVID-19 and existing health inequalities. Analyses are reported from ongoing qualitative studies on COVID-19 and homeless health service evaluation in London, UK. Repeated in-depth telephone interviews were implemented with people experiencing homelessness in London (n=17; 32 interviews in total) as well as street outreach workers, nurses and hostel staff (n=10) from September 2020 to early 2021. Thematic analysis generated three themes to explore peoples' experiences of, and perspectives on, low infections: people experiencing homelessness following, creating and breaking social distancing and hygiene measures; social distancing in the form of social exclusion as a long-running feature of life; and a narrative of 'street immunity' resulting from harsh living conditions. Further study is needed to understand how these factors combine to prevent COVID-19 and how they relate to different experiences of homelessness. This community perspective can ensure that emerging narratives of COVID-19 prevention success don't ignore longer running causes of homelessness and reinforce stigmatising notions of people who are homeless as lacking agency. Our findings aid theorisation of how health inequalities shape pandemic progression: severe exclusion may substantially delay epidemics in some communities, although with considerable other non-COVID-19 impacts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2667-3215
ISSN (online)	2667-3215
DOI	10.1016/j.ssmqr.2021.100038
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Article: Working with volunteers: key issues for gerontological nursing - Future challenges.

Cornes, Michelle

International journal of older people nursing

2007 Volume 2, Issue 3, Page(s) 232–238

Abstract: To ensure that older people have access to all the advice, information and support they need nurses are increasingly expected to work with volunteers and the wider Voluntary and Community Sector. This article charts some of the current issues facing the ... ...

Abstract	To ensure that older people have access to all the advice, information and support they need nurses are increasingly expected to work with volunteers and the wider Voluntary and Community Sector. This article charts some of the current issues facing the sector so that nurses can collaborate more effectively, respect the contribution that volunteers can make and ultimately deliver well being, independence and choice. The focus is on recent policy in England which has sought to modernize and equip the Voluntary and Community Sector to meet National Health Service priorities. However, the underpinning themes and issues are likely to have broader resonance for volunteering in an international context. Trends in commissioning (service procurement) are identified which are likely to influence the future role and numbers of volunteers working in health and social care. Throughout this article key issues for nurse practitioners are discussed: What is the changing role of the volunteer? Can volunteers deliver significant extra capacity? What are the workforce implications? What are the risks and outcomes for older people?
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2250661-5
ISSN	1748-3735
ISSN	1748-3735
DOI	10.1111/j.1748-3743.2007.00079.x
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Article ; Online: Physician associate/assistant contributions to cancer diagnosis in primary care

Jessica Sheringham / Angela King / Ruth Plackett / Anwar Khan / Michelle Cornes / Angelos P. Kassianos

BMC Health Services Research, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a rapid systematic review

2021 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background Symptom recognition and timely referral in primary care are crucial for the early diagnosis of cancer. Physician assistants or associates (PAs) have been introduced in 18 healthcare systems across the world, with numbers increasing in ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Symptom recognition and timely referral in primary care are crucial for the early diagnosis of cancer. Physician assistants or associates (PAs) have been introduced in 18 healthcare systems across the world, with numbers increasing in some cases to address primary care physician shortages. Little is known about their impact on suspected cancer recognition and referral. This review sought to summarise findings from observational studies conducted in high income countries on PAs’ competence and performance on processes concerned with the quality of recognition and referral of suspected cancer in primary care. Method A rapid systematic review of international peer-reviewed literature was performed. Searches were undertaken on OVID, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases (2009–2019). Studies were eligible if they reported on PA skills, processes and outcomes relevant to suspected cancer recognition and referral. Title and abstract screening was followed by full paper review and data extraction. Synthesis of qualitative and quantitative findings was undertaken on three themes: deployment, competence, and performance. Preliminary findings were discussed with an expert advisory group to inform interpretation. Results From 883 references, 15 eligible papers were identified, of which 13 were from the USA. Seven studies reported on general clinical processes in primary care that would support cancer diagnosis, most commonly ordering of diagnostic tests (n = 6) and referrals to specialists (n = 4). Fewer papers reported on consultation processes, such as examinations or history taking (n = 3) Six papers considered PAs’ competence and performance on cancer screening. PAs performed similarly to primary care physicians on rates of diagnostic tests ordered, referrals and patient outcomes (satisfaction, malpractice, emergency visits). No studies reported on the timeliness of cancer diagnosis. Conclusion This review of peer-reviewed literature combined with advisory group interpretation suggests the ...
Keywords	Physician assistants ; Early Detection of Cancer ; General Practice ; Primary Care ; primary care physicians ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Why were COVID-19 infections lower than expected amongst people who are homeless in London, UK in 2020? Exploring community perspectives and the multiple pathways of health inequalities in pandemics

Andy Guise / Stan Burridge / P.J. Annand / Martin Burrows / Lucy Platt / Sujit D. Rathod / Paniz Hosseini / Michelle Cornes

SSM: Qualitative Research in Health, Vol 2, Iss , Pp 100038- (2022)

2022

Abstract	High rates of COVID-19 infections and deaths amongst people who are homeless in London, UK were feared. Rates however stayed much lower than expected throughout 2020; an experience that compares to other settings globally. This study sought a community level perspective to explore this rate of infections, and through this explore relationships between COVID-19 and existing health inequalities. Analyses are reported from ongoing qualitative studies on COVID-19 and homeless health service evaluation in London, UK. Repeated in-depth telephone interviews were implemented with people experiencing homelessness in London (n=17; 32 interviews in total) as well as street outreach workers, nurses and hostel staff (n=10) from September 2020 to early 2021. Thematic analysis generated three themes to explore peoples’ experiences of, and perspectives on, low infections: people experiencing homelessness following, creating and breaking social distancing and hygiene measures; social distancing in the form of social exclusion as a long-running feature of life; and a narrative of ‘street immunity’ resulting from harsh living conditions. Further study is needed to understand how these factors combine to prevent COVID-19 and how they relate to different experiences of homelessness. This community perspective can ensure that emerging narratives of COVID-19 prevention success don’t ignore longer running causes of homelessness and reinforce stigmatising notions of people who are homeless as lacking agency. Our findings aid theorisation of how health inequalities shape pandemic progression: severe exclusion may substantially delay epidemics in some communities, although with considerable other non-COVID-19 impacts.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Homeless ; Inequalities ; Pandemic ; Prevention ; UK ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Beyond clinical trials: Extending the role of the clinical research nurse into social care and homeless research.

Biswell R, Elizabeth / Clark, Michael / Tinelli, Michela / Manthorpe, Gillian / Neale, Joanne / Whiteford, Martin / Cornes, Michelle

Journal of clinical nursing

2021

Abstract: Aim: Clinical research nurses work at the fulcrum of clinical trials with clearly defined roles and responsibilities. In England, the National Institute for Health Research (the main funder of health research) has broadened its scope to encompass social ...

Abstract	Aim: Clinical research nurses work at the fulcrum of clinical trials with clearly defined roles and responsibilities. In England, the National Institute for Health Research (the main funder of health research) has broadened its scope to encompass social care research. The expectation is that clinical research nurses will expand their skill set to support these new studies, many of which will employ qualitative and mixed methods. This discussion paper explores the challenges of facilitating this clinical academic workforce development through a case study of a homeless health and social care research project. This was one of the first studies to engage clinical research nurses in this new and expanded role. Background: Much of what is known about the research nurse workforce has been generated through studies of clinical trials in oncology. The 'caring-recruiting' dichotomy has been used as a heuristic device for identifying workforce issues that can impact on study delivery such as how intense pressure to recruit study participants leads to low job satisfaction. Design: This case study reflects on the authors' experiences of employing a clinical research nurse in a social care research project concerned with the discharge of homeless people from hospital. The 'caring-recruiting' dichotomy is used to generate new information about the relationship between workforce development and the successful delivery of social care research. Conclusion: The case study illuminates how social care research can generate different pressures and ethical challenges for research nurses. The time and skill it took to recruit study participants identified as 'hard to reach' was suggestive of the need to move beyond performance measures that prioritise recruitment metrics. The need for different types of staff supervision and training was also warranted as supporting study participants who were homeless was often distressing, leading to professional boundary issues. Relevance to workforce development: This study highlights that performance management, training and supervisory arrangements must be tailored to the characteristics of each new study coming onto the portfolio to ensure research nurses are fully supported in this new and expanded role.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1159483-4
ISSN	1365-2702 ; 0962-1067 ; 1752-9816
ISSN (online)	1365-2702
ISSN	0962-1067 ; 1752-9816
DOI	10.1111/jocn.15911
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