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  1. Article ; Online: A Bayesian modelling approach for assessing non-stationarity in annual maximum rainfall under a changing climate

    Zelalem, Temesgen / Kasiviswanathan, K. S.

    Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2023 July 27, v. 68, no. 10 p.1460-1478

    2023  

    Abstract: Potential changes in hydro-meteorological events have been causing mass damage to the economy and lives. Among several other factors, the progression of climate change over a long time is expected to cause non-stationarity in annual maximum rainfall. ... ...

    Abstract Potential changes in hydro-meteorological events have been causing mass damage to the economy and lives. Among several other factors, the progression of climate change over a long time is expected to cause non-stationarity in annual maximum rainfall. Understanding the characteristics of annual maximum rainfall series is crucial for coastal cities as they are highly vulnerable due to the greatly varying weather patterns. In this paper, we propose stationary and non-stationary methods to model the effect of non-stationarity on the differing duration of annual maximum rainfall and demonstrate the impacts on nine coastal cities spread across the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal stretch of India. The Bayesian inference parameter estimation technique was used. It was found that while stationary models often fit well for longer-duration rainfall, non-stationary models often best fit the short duration.
    Keywords Bayesian theory ; climate ; climate change ; hydrometeorology ; rain ; Arabian Sea ; Bay of Bengal ; India ; Bayesian inference ; bias correction ; coastal cities ; non-stationarity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0727
    Size p. 1460-1478.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2150-3435
    DOI 10.1080/02626667.2023.2218550
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Mayo Clinic infectious diseases board review

    Temesgen, Zelalem / Baddour, Larry M. / Steckelberg, James M.

    2011  

    Institution Mayo Clinic
    Author's details editor-in-chief Zelalem Temesgen, MD ; associate editors Larry M. Baddour, MD; James M. Steckelberg, MD
    Keywords Communicable Diseases
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 562 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Publisher Mayo Clinic Scientific Press ; Oxford University Press
    Publishing place Rochester, Minn. ; Oxford
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    HBZ-ID HT019126092
    ISBN 978-0-19-990978-0 ; 9780199827626 ; 0-19-990978-4 ; 0199827621
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  3. Article: Occurrence of Trace-Level Antibiotics in the Msunduzi River: An Investigation into South African Environmental Pollution.

    Addis, Temesgen Zelalem / Adu, Joy Tuoyo / Kumarasamy, Muthukrishnavellaisamy / Demlie, Molla

    Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 2

    Abstract: The presence of antibiotics in the environmental matrix has raised concerns regarding their risk to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. Surface water, such as rivers, plays a pivotal role in the dispersion and transport of antibiotic residues. The ... ...

    Abstract The presence of antibiotics in the environmental matrix has raised concerns regarding their risk to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. Surface water, such as rivers, plays a pivotal role in the dispersion and transport of antibiotic residues. The effective monitoring of these contaminants requires investigating their sources and distribution. While numerous studies have been conducted globally to comprehend the emergence, prevalence, and management of these substances, the investigation of therapeutic antibiotics in Africa remains notably underrepresented. Consequently, data regarding these emerging contaminants in the African aquatic environments are scarce, warranting further exploration. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of four specific therapeutic antibiotics-tetracycline, sulfathiazole, penicillin g, and erythromycin-across different seasons in the Msunduzi River, Eastern South Africa. Three sampling campaigns were conducted during spring, autumn, and winter to assess the presence of these antibiotics in the river. Analyte extraction from water samples was achieved through solid-phase extraction, and quantification was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The findings reveal notable concentrations of these antibiotics in the river at locations closest to a wastewater treatment discharge point. Among the antibiotics studied, tetracycline (158.42-1290.43 ng/L) and sulfathiazole (112.68-1151.25 ng/L) were the most frequently detected compounds across the majority of the sampling sites and tributaries of the river. Erythromycin was less frequently detected in the surface water and wastewater effluent but was found to be a risk to algal species within the river. While wastewater effluents represent a significant source of antibiotic contamination in the river, tributaries from industrial areas and informal settlements were identified as continuous sources of antibiotic pollution. Thus, it is imperative to implement appropriate monitoring protocols to mitigate antibiotic pollution in the aquatic environment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2681345-2
    ISSN 2079-6382
    ISSN 2079-6382
    DOI 10.3390/antibiotics13020174
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Improving the quality of tuberculosis care in the post-pandemic world.

    Bigio, Jacob / Sassi, Angelina / Temesgen, Zelalem / Pai, Madhukar

    Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases

    2021  Volume 23, Page(s) 100212

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2405-5794
    ISSN (online) 2405-5794
    DOI 10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100212
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The spatial effects of the household's food insecurity levels in Ethiopia: by ordinal geo-additive model.

    Wubetie, Habtamu T / Zewotir, Temesgen / Mitku, Aweke A / Dessie, Zelalem G

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2024  Volume 11, Page(s) 1330822

    Abstract: Background: Food insecurity and vulnerability in Ethiopia are historical problems due to natural- and human-made disasters, which affect a wide range of areas at a higher magnitude with adverse effects on the overall health of households. In Ethiopia, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Food insecurity and vulnerability in Ethiopia are historical problems due to natural- and human-made disasters, which affect a wide range of areas at a higher magnitude with adverse effects on the overall health of households. In Ethiopia, the problem is wider with higher magnitude. Moreover, this geographical distribution of this challenge remains unexplored regarding the effects of cultures and shocks, despite previous case studies suggesting the effects of shocks and other factors. Hence, this study aims to assess the geographic distribution of corrected-food insecurity levels (FCSL) across zones and explore the comprehensive effects of diverse factors on each level of a household's food insecurity.
    Method: This study analyzes three-term household-based panel data for years 2012, 2014, and 2016 with a total sample size of 11505 covering the all regional states of the country. An extended additive model, with empirical Bayes estimation by modeling both structured spatial effects using Markov random field or tensor product and unstructured effects using Gaussian, was adopted to assess the spatial distribution of FCSL across zones and to further explore the comprehensive effect of geographic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on the locally adjusted measure.
    Result: Despite a chronological decline, a substantial portion of Ethiopian households remains food insecure (25%) and vulnerable (27.08%). The Markov random field (MRF) model is the best fit based on GVC, revealing that 90.04% of the total variation is explained by the spatial effects. Most of the northern and south-western areas and south-east and north-west areas are hot spot zones of food insecurity and vulnerability in the country. Moreover, factors such as education, urbanization, having a job, fertilizer usage in cropping, sanitation, and farming livestock and crops have a significant influence on reducing a household's probability of being at higher food insecurity levels (insecurity and vulnerability), whereas shocks occurrence and small land size ownership have worsened it.
    Conclusion: Chronically food insecure zones showed a strong cluster in the northern and south-western areas of the country, even though higher levels of household food insecurity in Ethiopia have shown a declining trend over the years. Therefore, in these areas, interventions addressing spatial structure factors, particularly urbanization, education, early marriage control, and job creation, along with controlling conflict and drought effect by food aid and selected coping strategies, and performing integrated farming by conserving land and the environment of zones can help to reduce a household's probability of being at higher food insecurity levels.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2024.1330822
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Effect of Decision-to-Delivery Time of Emergency Cesarean Section on Adverse Newborn Outcomes at East Gojjam Zone Public Hospital, Ethiopia, March 2023: Multicenter Prospective Observational Study Design.

    Damtew, Beyene Sisay / Gudayu, Temesgen Worku / Temesgan, Wubedle Zelalem / Hailu, Alemu Merga

    International journal of women's health

    2024  Volume 16, Page(s) 433–450

    Abstract: Background: An emergency cesarean section requires prompt delivery to reduce the risk for a pregnant woman or newborn. Studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between decision-to-delivery time and neonatal outcomes, but the findings ... ...

    Abstract Background: An emergency cesarean section requires prompt delivery to reduce the risk for a pregnant woman or newborn. Studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between decision-to-delivery time and neonatal outcomes, but the findings are contradictory. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the average of decision-to-delivery time of an emergency cesarean section and its effect on adverse neonatal outcomes at East Gojjam Zone Public Hospital.
    Methods: A multicenter prospective study design would be carried out between November 2022 and January 2023. Using the consecutive method, a sample of 352 mother-newborn pairs was studied. Direct observation and face-to-face interviews were undertaken to gather the data using a semi-structured questionnaire. For both data input and analysis, Epi Data version 4.6 and Stata version 14 software were used. Both the crude and adjusted odds ratios were computed. Measure of significance was based on the adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of less than 0.05.
    Results: Decision-to-delivery time interval within 30 minute was seen in 21.9% of emergency cesarean delivery. The study found a significant relationship between the first-minute low Apgar score and the delayed decision-to-delivery time interval (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1-6, p = 0.03). In addition, determinant factors for poor 1st-minute Apgar scores include danger signs during pregnancy (AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1-7.8, p = 0.03), women referred from another facility (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.5-4.6, p = 001), and non-reassuring fetal heart rate (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1-17, p = 0.04). A delayed decision-to-delivery time interval is not statistically significantly associated with a low 5th-minute Apgar score or neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.
    Conclusion: The study found unfavorable 1st-minute Apgar score and a longer decision-to-delivery period than recommended. This duration and negative newborn outcomes may be reduced by increasing and involving comprehensive obstetric and neonatal care facilities with skilled emergency obstetric surgeons, such as clinical midwife, integrated emergency surgeon officers, and physician.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-07
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2508161-5
    ISSN 1179-1411
    ISSN 1179-1411
    DOI 10.2147/IJWH.S451101
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  7. Article ; Online: Pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by pneumothorax, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the settings of advanced HIV disease: A case report.

    Haile, Haba / Tema, Lijalem / Anjulo, Assegid / Temesgen, Zelalem / Jerene, Degu

    Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases

    2023  Volume 33, Page(s) 100396

    Abstract: Introduction: A large proportion of the global burden of HIV-associated TB occurs in sub-Saharan Africa; including 74% of new cases of TB and 79% of deaths occurs in this area. Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs more frequently in patients with AIDS than ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: A large proportion of the global burden of HIV-associated TB occurs in sub-Saharan Africa; including 74% of new cases of TB and 79% of deaths occurs in this area. Spontaneous pneumothorax occurs more frequently in patients with AIDS than the general population with the estimated incidence to be about 2-5% of overall total cases. Tuberculosis ARDS and septic shock are rare but carries extremely poor prognosis.
    Case summary: A 27 year old male with advanced HIV disease with very low CD4 count presented to Wolaita Sodo University comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia on July 6, 2023. The patient diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to drug susceptible tuberculosis after positive urine LF-LAM and sputum gene expert. He was intubated after emergency tube thoracostomy, and subsequently treated with anti-TB, corticosteroid, broad-spectrum IV antibiotics and high dose cotrimoxazole. The patient developed ARDS due to possible tuberculosis related septic shock and died of multi-organ failure.
    Discussion: Spontaneous pneumothorax in the setting of HIV raises concern for PCP, though in this case it could be secondary to TB. Tuberculosis related ARDS and septic shock are rare complication but carries poor prognosis especially in setting of AHD. We had limited experience and difficulties in the management of patient with persistent pneumothorax with the concomitant ARDS requiring lung protective management, and this part remain the future area of scientific research.
    Conclusion: In patients with advanced HIV disease, who present with signs of respiratory failure, the likelihood of spontaneous pneumothorax, TB-ARDS and septic shock should be anticipated in the differential diagnosis and optimal management plan should be designed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2405-5794
    ISSN (online) 2405-5794
    DOI 10.1016/j.jctube.2023.100396
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Mediastinal Infection After Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: An Uncommon Complication.

    Marty, Paige K / Yetmar, Zachary A / Zhang, Zhenmei / Temesgen, Zelalem / Nelson, Darlene R

    Journal of bronchology & interventional pulmonology

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 307–310

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mediastinum/diagnostic imaging ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration/adverse effects ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Neoplasms ; Bronchoscopy/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2478320-1
    ISSN 1948-8270 ; 1944-6586
    ISSN (online) 1948-8270
    ISSN 1944-6586
    DOI 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000909
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Human-wildlife conflict in the surrounding districts of Alage College, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.

    Temesgen, Zelalem / Mengesha, Girma / Endalamaw, Tefera B

    Ecology and evolution

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) e8591

    Abstract: The study was conducted between September 2018 and March 2019 to investigate the nature and extent of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in the surrounding area of Alage College, the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, and to assess the perception of the local ... ...

    Abstract The study was conducted between September 2018 and March 2019 to investigate the nature and extent of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) in the surrounding area of Alage College, the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, and to assess the perception of the local people to wildlife. For data collection, a total of 140 household (HH) heads were selected randomly for interviews from nine villages using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Moreover, focus group discussion, key informant interviews, and personal observation were carried out to obtain additional information. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test (2 tailed), one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Likert scale statements were used to analyze the data. Based on, 66 (47.1%) of the respondents, HH heads, the local people of the area experienced livestock predation leading to HWC. Whereas, (40.7%,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.8591
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  10. Article ; Online: Disseminated Nocardia in an Immunocompetent Host.

    Wintheiser, Grant A / Venable, Elise R / Temesgen, Zelalem

    Mayo Clinic proceedings

    2021  Volume 96, Issue 4, Page(s) 847–848

    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Carya ; Female ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nocardia/isolation & purification ; Nocardia Infections/diagnosis ; Nocardia Infections/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination (8064-90-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124027-4
    ISSN 1942-5546 ; 0025-6196
    ISSN (online) 1942-5546
    ISSN 0025-6196
    DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.11.019
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