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  1. Article ; Online: Unraveling the intricate relationship: Influence of microbiome on the host immune system in carcinogenesis.

    Garg, Saksham / Sharma, Nikita / Bharmjeet / Das, Asmita

    Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 11, Page(s) e1892

    Abstract: Background: Cancer is an outcome of various disrupted or dysregulated metabolic processes like apoptosis, growth, and self-cell transformation. Human anatomy harbors trillions of microbes, and these microbes actively influence all kinds of human ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cancer is an outcome of various disrupted or dysregulated metabolic processes like apoptosis, growth, and self-cell transformation. Human anatomy harbors trillions of microbes, and these microbes actively influence all kinds of human metabolic activities, including the human immune response. The immune system which inherently acts as a sentinel against microbes, curiously tolerates and even maintains a distinct normal microflora in our body. This emphasizes the evolutionarily significant role of microbiota in shaping our adaptive immune system and even potentiating its function in chronic ailments like cancers. Microbes interact with the host immune cells and play a part in cancer progression or regression by modulating immune cells, producing immunosuppressants, virulence factors, and genotoxins.
    Recent findings: An expanding plethora of studies suggest and support the evidence of microbiome impacting cancer etiology. Several studies also indicate that the microbiome can supplement various cancer therapies, increasing their efficacy. The present review discusses the relationship between bacterial and viral microbiota with cancer, discussing different carcinogenic mechanisms influenced by prokaryotes with special emphasis on their immunomodulatory axis. It also elucidates the potential of the microbiome in transforming the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments.
    Conclusion: This review offers a thorough overview of the complex interaction between the human immune system and the microbiome and its impact on the development of cancer. The microbiome affects the immune responses as well as progression of tumor transformation, hence microbiome-based therapies can vastly improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. Individual variations of the microbiome and its dynamic variability in every individual impacts the immune modulation and cancer progression. Therefore, further research is required to understand these underlying processes in detail, so as to design better microbiome-immune system axis in the treatment of cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Microbiota/physiology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Immune System ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Immunotherapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2573-8348
    ISSN (online) 2573-8348
    DOI 10.1002/cnr2.1892
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Targeting Y220C mutated p53 by Foeniculum vulgare-derived phytochemicals as cancer therapeutics.

    Garg, Saksham / Singh, Japneet / Verma, Smita Rastogi

    Journal of molecular modeling

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) 55

    Abstract: Context: The mutations in the TP53 gene are the most frequent (50-60% of human cancer) genetic alterations in cancer cells, indicating the critical role of wild-type p53 in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis upon oncogenic stress. Most ... ...

    Abstract Context: The mutations in the TP53 gene are the most frequent (50-60% of human cancer) genetic alterations in cancer cells, indicating the critical role of wild-type p53 in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis upon oncogenic stress. Most missense mutations are clustered in the DNA-binding core domain, disrupting DNA binding ability. However, some mutations like Y220C occur outside the DNA binding domain and are associated with p53 structure destabilization. Overall, the results of these mutations are single amino acid substitutions in p53 and the production of dysfunctional p53 protein in large amounts, consequently allowing the escape of apoptosis and rapid progression of tumor growth. Thus, therapeutic targeting of mutant p53 in tumors to restore its wild-type tumor suppression activity has immense potential for translational cancer research. Various molecules have been discovered with modern scientific techniques to reactivate mutant p53 by reverting structural changes and/or DNA binding ability. These compounds include small molecules, various peptides, and phytochemicals. TP53 protein is long thought of as a potential target; however, its translation for therapeutic purposes is still in its infancy. The study comprehensively analyzed the therapeutic potential of small phytochemicals from Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) with drug-likeness and capability to reactivate mutant p53 (Y220C) through molecular docking simulation. The docking study and the stable molecular dynamic simulations revealed juglalin (- 8.6 kcal/mol), retinol (- 9.14 kcal/mol), and 3-nitrofluoranthene (- 8.43 kcal/mol) significantly bind to the mutated site suggesting the possibility of drug designing against the Y220C mutp53. The study supports these compounds for further animal based in vivo and in vitro research to validate their efficacy.
    Methods: For the purposes of drug repurposing, recently in-silico methods have presented with opportunity to rule out many compounds which have less probability to act as a drug based on their structural moiety and interaction with the target macromolecule. The study here utilizes molecular docking via Autodock 4.2.6 and molecular dynamics using Schrodinger 2021 to find potential therapeutic options which are capable to reactive the mutated TP53 protein.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/chemistry ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Foeniculum/genetics ; Foeniculum/metabolism ; Genes, p53 ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Mutation ; DNA
    Chemical Substances Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1284729-X
    ISSN 0948-5023 ; 1610-2940
    ISSN (online) 0948-5023
    ISSN 1610-2940
    DOI 10.1007/s00894-023-05454-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Sociodemographic determinants of epilepsy and treatment-seeking behavior among patients with epilepsy - A hospital-based study from western India.

    Jain, Saksham / Panda, Samhita / Garg, Mayank

    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B

    2023  Volume 145, Page(s) 109340

    Abstract: Background: Epilepsy ranks among the major noncommunicable diseases that confer significant morbidity and mortality. A lack of knowledge about epilepsy, coupled with negative attitude and false practices, has been shown to be influenced by ... ...

    Abstract Background: Epilepsy ranks among the major noncommunicable diseases that confer significant morbidity and mortality. A lack of knowledge about epilepsy, coupled with negative attitude and false practices, has been shown to be influenced by sociodemographic parameters and in turn impacts healthcare-seeking behavior.
    Methods: An observational single-center study was conducted at a tertiary care center in western India. Data on sociodemographic parameters, clinical and healthcare-seeking patterns were recorded from all patients above 18 years with a diagnosis of epilepsy. A pre-validated questionnaire was then administered to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to epilepsy. Data collected were evaluated.
    Results: A total of 320 patients with epilepsy were recruited for the study. Majority of the study subjects were young Hindu males from urban and semi-urban areas. Idiopathic generalized epilepsy was the most common diagnosis with significant number of patients showing poor seizure control. The knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) responses showed serious gaps in various aspects. Prevalent misconceptions were that epilepsy is a mental problem (40%), is a hereditary disorder (24.1%), is contagious (13.4%), and is a result of previous life sin (38.8%). With respect to discrimination in epilepsy using KAP questionnaire, most of the respondents (>80%) did not object to sitting or playing with a child with epilepsy. A significant proportion of patients (78.8%) feared from the side effects of long-term antiepileptic drug treatment. Almost one-third persons (31.6%) did not know the correct response in terms of first aid measures. The mean KAP score was 14.33 (±3.017 SD), significantly higher in better educated people from urban areas (p < 0.001 for both). Healthcare-seeking behavior with preference for early allopathic care had a positive correlation with various sociodemographic characteristics as well as with higher mean KAP scores.
    Conclusion: Despite improved literacy and urbanization, knowledge regarding epilepsy still remains poor with wide prevalence of traditional wisdom and practices. Though better education, employment, and awareness may partially overcome the impediments resulting in delay in seeking early appropriate healthcare after first seizure, the issue is more complex and multifactorial, and a multipronged approach is need of the hour.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Child ; Humans ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Epilepsy/epidemiology ; Epilepsy/therapy ; Seizures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010587-3
    ISSN 1525-5069 ; 1525-5050
    ISSN (online) 1525-5069
    ISSN 1525-5050
    DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109340
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Targeting Y220C mutated p53 by Foeniculum vulgare-derived phytochemicals as cancer therapeutics

    Garg, Saksham / Singh, Japneet / Verma, Smita Rastogi

    J Mol Model. 2023 Feb., v. 29, no. 2, p. 55

    2023  , Page(s) 55

    Abstract: CONTEXT: The mutations in the TP53 gene are the most frequent (50–60% of human cancer) genetic alterations in cancer cells, indicating the critical role of wild-type p53 in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis upon oncogenic stress. Most ... ...

    Abstract CONTEXT: The mutations in the TP53 gene are the most frequent (50–60% of human cancer) genetic alterations in cancer cells, indicating the critical role of wild-type p53 in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis upon oncogenic stress. Most missense mutations are clustered in the DNA-binding core domain, disrupting DNA binding ability. However, some mutations like Y220C occur outside the DNA binding domain and are associated with p53 structure destabilization. Overall, the results of these mutations are single amino acid substitutions in p53 and the production of dysfunctional p53 protein in large amounts, consequently allowing the escape of apoptosis and rapid progression of tumor growth. Thus, therapeutic targeting of mutant p53 in tumors to restore its wild-type tumor suppression activity has immense potential for translational cancer research. Various molecules have been discovered with modern scientific techniques to reactivate mutant p53 by reverting structural changes and/or DNA binding ability. These compounds include small molecules, various peptides, and phytochemicals. TP53 protein is long thought of as a potential target; however, its translation for therapeutic purposes is still in its infancy. The study comprehensively analyzed the therapeutic potential of small phytochemicals from Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) with drug-likeness and capability to reactivate mutant p53 (Y220C) through molecular docking simulation. The docking study and the stable molecular dynamic simulations revealed juglalin (− 8.6 kcal/mol), retinol (− 9.14 kcal/mol), and 3-nitrofluoranthene (− 8.43 kcal/mol) significantly bind to the mutated site suggesting the possibility of drug designing against the Y220C mutp53. The study supports these compounds for further animal based in vivo and in vitro research to validate their efficacy. METHODS: For the purposes of drug repurposing, recently in-silico methods have presented with opportunity to rule out many compounds which have less probability to act as a drug based on their structural moiety and interaction with the target macromolecule. The study here utilizes molecular docking via Autodock 4.2.6 and molecular dynamics using Schrodinger 2021 to find potential therapeutic options which are capable to reactive the mutated TP53 protein.
    Keywords DNA ; Foeniculum vulgare ; amino acids ; apoptosis ; cell proliferation ; computer simulation ; drugs ; fennel ; genes ; humans ; models ; moieties ; molecular dynamics ; mutants ; neoplasms ; peptides ; phytochemicals ; probability ; therapeutics ; vitamin A
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-02
    Size p. 55
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1284729-X
    ISSN 0948-5023 ; 1610-2940
    ISSN (online) 0948-5023
    ISSN 1610-2940
    DOI 10.1007/s00894-023-05454-2
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: In silico analysis of selected alkaloids against main protease (M

    Garg, Saksham / Roy, Arpita

    Chemico-biological interactions

    2020  Volume 332, Page(s) 109309

    Abstract: In the present situation, COVID-19 has become the global health concern due to its high contagious nature. It initially appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and now affected more than 190 countries. As of now preventive measures are the sole ... ...

    Abstract In the present situation, COVID-19 has become the global health concern due to its high contagious nature. It initially appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and now affected more than 190 countries. As of now preventive measures are the sole solution to stop this disease for further transmission from person to person transmissions as there is no effective treatment or vaccine available to date. Research and development of new molecule is a laborious process; therefore, drug repurposing can be an alternative solution that involves the identification of potential compounds from the already available data. Alkaloids are potential source of therapeutic agents which might be able to treat novel COVID-19. Therefore, in the present study, twenty potential alkaloid molecules that possess antiviral activity against different viral diseases have taken into consideration and scrutinized using Lipinski's rule. Then out of twenty compounds seventeen were further selected for docking study. Docking study was performed using Autodock software and the best four molecule which provides maximum negative binding energy was selected for further analysis. Two alkaloids namely thalimonine and sophaline D showed potential activity to inhibit the M
    MeSH term(s) Alkaloids/chemistry ; Alkaloids/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/chemistry ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/chemistry ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Ligands ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology
    Chemical Substances Alkaloids ; Antiviral Agents ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors ; Ligands ; 3C-like proteinase, SARS-CoV-2 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases (EC 3.4.22.28)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-09
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218799-1
    ISSN 1872-7786 ; 0009-2797
    ISSN (online) 1872-7786
    ISSN 0009-2797
    DOI 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109309
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A Current Perspective of Plants as an Antibacterial Agent: A Review

    Garg, Saksham / Roy, Arpita

    Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

    2020  Volume 21, Issue 15, Page(s) 1588–1602

    Abstract: With the emergence and evolution of bacterial strains, it is now becoming difficult for pharmaceutical industries to provide remedies required for the betterment of mankind. Continuous exposure with available medication leads to the development of new ... ...

    Abstract With the emergence and evolution of bacterial strains, it is now becoming difficult for pharmaceutical industries to provide remedies required for the betterment of mankind. Continuous exposure with available medication leads to the development of new strains with a significant amount of resistance, due to which pharmaceutical industries are facing various challenges. Antimicrobial resistance is the phenomenon causing a challenge in new drug development through conventional methods. Therefore, the requirement of alternative medicine is in high demand. Recently, allopathic medicines have seen a disinterest and people are preferring natural solutions due to their fewer side effects comparable to conventional medicine. Worldwide plants are utilized for various disease treatments such as bacterial infection, skin disorders, cancer, asthma, respiratory problems, etc. The presence of a wide range of phytocompounds in different plants provides an alternative to the pharmaceutical industries to counter the problem of bacterial infections. Different plants contain various phytochemicals that possess numerous therapeutic activities and provide a remedy to suppress various bacterial strains. Therefore, in this review, an overview of various plants and their phytocompounds which are responsible for antibacterial activity has been discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects ; Humans ; Phytochemicals/isolation & purification ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Plant Extracts/isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal/growth & development
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Phytochemicals ; Plant Extracts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-18
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2132197-8
    ISSN 1873-4316 ; 1389-2010
    ISSN (online) 1873-4316
    ISSN 1389-2010
    DOI 10.2174/1389201021666200622121249
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Pharmacoeconomic Aspects of Diabetes Mellitus: Outcomes and Analysis of Health Benefits Approach.

    Jaura, Ravinder Singh / Baishnab, Suman / Sharma, Saksham / Garg, Honey / Singh, Thakur Gurjeet

    Current diabetes reviews

    2023  

    Abstract: Pharmacoeconomics is an important tool for investigating and restructuring healthcare policies. In India, recent statistical studies have shown that the number of diabetic patients is rapidly increasing in the rural, middle and upper-class settings. The ... ...

    Abstract Pharmacoeconomics is an important tool for investigating and restructuring healthcare policies. In India, recent statistical studies have shown that the number of diabetic patients is rapidly increasing in the rural, middle and upper-class settings. The aim of this review is to call attention towards the need to carry out pharmacoeconomic studies for diabetes mellitus and highlight the outcome of these studies on healthcare. A well-structured literature search from PubMed, Embase, Springer, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane was done. Studies that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of various anti-diabetic agents for type 2 diabetes were eligible for inclusion in the analysis and review. Two independent reviewers sequentially assessed the titles, abstracts, and full articles to select studies that met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria for data abstraction. Any discrepancies between the reviewers were resolved through consensus. By employing search terms such as pharmacoeconomics, diabetes mellitus, cost-effective analysis, cost minimization analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis, a total of 194 papers were gathered. Out of these, 110 papers were selected as they aligned with the defined search criteria and underwent the removal of duplicate entries. This review outlined four basic pharmacoeconomic studies carried out on diabetes mellitus. It gave a direction that early detection, patient counseling, personalized medication, appropriate screening intervals, and early start of pharmacotherapy proved to be a cost-effective as well as health benefits approach.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1875-6417
    ISSN (online) 1875-6417
    DOI 10.2174/0115733998246567230924134603
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: In silico analysis of selected alkaloids against main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2

    Garg, Saksham / Roy, Arpita

    Chemico-Biological Interactions

    2020  , Page(s) 109309

    Keywords Toxicology ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Elsevier BV
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 218799-1
    ISSN 1872-7786 ; 0009-2797
    ISSN (online) 1872-7786
    ISSN 0009-2797
    DOI 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109309
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Molecular docking analysis of selected phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2 M

    Garg, Saksham / Anand, Ashutosh / Lamba, Yash / Roy, Arpita

    Vegetos (Bareilly, India)

    2020  Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 766–781

    Abstract: Presently world is on a war with the novel coronavirus and with no immediate treatments available the scourge caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is increasing day by day. A lot of researches are going on for the potential drug candidate that could help the ... ...

    Abstract Presently world is on a war with the novel coronavirus and with no immediate treatments available the scourge caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is increasing day by day. A lot of researches are going on for the potential drug candidate that could help the healthcare system in this fight. Plants are a natural data bank of bioactive compounds. Many phytochemicals are being studied for various ailments including cancer, bacterial and viral infections, etc. The present study aims to screen 38 bioactive compounds from 5 selected plants viz.,
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-16
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2726945-0
    ISSN 2229-4473 ; 0970-4078
    ISSN (online) 2229-4473
    ISSN 0970-4078
    DOI 10.1007/s42535-020-00162-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Structure-Based In Silico Investigation of Agonists for Proteins Involved in Breast Cancer.

    Roy, Arpita / Anand, Ashutosh / Garg, Saksham / Khan, Mohd Shahnawaz / Bhasin, Sidharth / Asghar, Muhammad Nadeem / Emran, Talha Bin

    Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 7278731

    Abstract: Cancer is recognized as one of the main causes of mortality worldwide by the World Health Organization. The high cost of currently available cancer therapy and certain limitations of current treatment make it necessary to search for novel, cost-effective, ...

    Abstract Cancer is recognized as one of the main causes of mortality worldwide by the World Health Organization. The high cost of currently available cancer therapy and certain limitations of current treatment make it necessary to search for novel, cost-effective, and efficient methods of cancer treatment. Therefore, in the current investigation, sixty-two compounds from five medicinal plants (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2171158-6
    ISSN 1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
    ISSN (online) 1741-4288
    ISSN 1741-427X
    DOI 10.1155/2022/7278731
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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