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Article ; Online: Enhancing antifungal properties of chitosan by attaching isatin-piperazine-sulfonyl-acetamide pendant groups via novel imidamide linkage.

Gowrivel Vijayakumar, Balaji / Ramesh, Deepthi / Kumari, Sumeeta / Maity, Akashpratim / Pinnaka, Anil Kumar / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

International journal of biological macromolecules

2023 Volume 244, Page(s) 125428

Abstract: World health organization listed fungi as priority pathogens in 2022 to counter their adverse effects on human well-being. The use of antimicrobial biopolymers is a sustainable alternative to toxic antifungal agents. In this study, we explore chitosan as ...

Abstract	World health organization listed fungi as priority pathogens in 2022 to counter their adverse effects on human well-being. The use of antimicrobial biopolymers is a sustainable alternative to toxic antifungal agents. In this study, we explore chitosan as an antifungal agent by grafting a novel compound N-(4-((4-((isatinyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl) acetamide (IS). The acetimidamide linkage of IS to chitosan herein was confirmed by
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Humans ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Antifungal Agents/chemistry ; Chitosan/pharmacology ; Chitosan/chemistry ; Isatin ; Acetamides ; Piperazines ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Antifungal Agents ; Chitosan (9012-76-4) ; Isatin (82X95S7M06) ; Acetamides ; Piperazines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125428
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Article ; Online: Enhancing antifungal properties of chitosan by attaching isatin-piperazine-sulfonyl-acetamide pendant groups via novel imidamide linkage

Gowrivel Vijayakumar, Balaji / Ramesh, Deepthi / Kumari, Sumeeta / Maity, Akashpratim / Pinnaka, Anil Kumar / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2023 July, v. 244 p.125428-

2023

Abstract	World health organization listed fungi as priority pathogens in 2022 to counter their adverse effects on human well-being. The use of antimicrobial biopolymers is a sustainable alternative to toxic antifungal agents. In this study, we explore chitosan as an antifungal agent by grafting a novel compound N-(4-((4-((isatinyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl) acetamide (IS). The acetimidamide linkage of IS to chitosan herein was confirmed by ¹³C NMR and is a new branch in chitosan pendant group chemistry. The modified chitosan films (ISCH) were studied using thermal, tensile, and spectroscopic methods. The ISCH derivatives strongly inhibit fungal pathogens of agricultural and human importance, namely Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium oxalicum, and Candida albicans. ISCH80 showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.85 μg/ml against M. verrucaria and ISCH100 with IC₅₀ of 1.55 μg/ml is comparable to the commercial antifungal IC₅₀ values of Triadiamenol (3.6 μg/ml) and Trifloxystrobin (3 μg/ml). Interestingly, the ISCH series remained non-toxic up to 2000 μg/ml against L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The ISCH series showed long-standing antifungal action, superior to our lowest observed antifungal IC₅₀ values of plain chitosan and IS at 12.09 μg/ml and 3.14 μg/ml, respectively. ISCH films are thus suitable for fungal inhibition in an agricultural setting or food preservation.
Keywords	Candida albicans ; Fusarium solani ; Glomerella cingulata ; Myrothecium verrucaria ; Penicillium oxalicum ; World Health Organization ; biopolymers ; chemistry ; chitosan ; fibroblasts ; food preservation ; fungi ; humans ; mice ; social welfare ; spectroscopy ; toxicity ; trifloxystrobin ; Antifungal ; Cytotoxicity ; Imidamide ; Isatin ; Piperazine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125428
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Article ; Online: Acetylene containing 2-(2-hydrazinyl)thiazole derivatives: design, synthesis, and

Maganti, Lakshmi Haritha Bharathi / Ramesh, Deepthi / Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel / Khan, Mohd Imran K / Dhayalan, Arunkumar / Kamalraja, Jayabal / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

RSC advances

2022 Volume 12, Issue 14, Page(s) 8771–8782

Abstract: Mycobacterium ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2046-2069
ISSN (online)	2046-2069
DOI	10.1039/d2ra00928e
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Article ; Online: Advances in Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues in Tackling Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis Virus Infections.

Ramesh, Deepthi / Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

ChemMedChem

2021 Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 1403–1419

Abstract: Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are structurally similar antimetabolites and are promising small-molecule chemotherapeutic agents against various infectious DNA and RNA viruses. To date, these analogues have not been documented in-depth as anti-human ...

Abstract	Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are structurally similar antimetabolites and are promising small-molecule chemotherapeutic agents against various infectious DNA and RNA viruses. To date, these analogues have not been documented in-depth as anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis virus agents, these are at various stages of testing ranging from pre-clinical, to those withdrawn from trials, or those that are approved as drugs. Hence, in this review, the importance of these analogues in tackling HIV and hepatitis virus infections is discussed with a focus on the viral genome and the mechanism of action of these analogues, both in a mutually exclusive manner and their role in HIV/hepatitis coinfection. This review encompasses nucleoside and nucleotide analogues from 1987 onwards, starting with the first nucleoside analogue, zidovudine, and going on to those in current clinical trials and even the drugs that have been withdrawn. This review also sheds light on the prospects of these nucleoside analogues in clinical trials as a treatment option for the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Repositioning ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV/enzymology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Hepatitis Viruses/drug effects ; Hepatitis Viruses/enzymology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy ; Humans ; Nucleosides/therapeutic use ; Nucleotides/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; Nucleosides ; Nucleotides ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48) ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase (EC 2.7.7.49)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2218496-X
ISSN	1860-7187 ; 1860-7179
ISSN (online)	1860-7187
ISSN	1860-7179
DOI	10.1002/cmdc.202000849
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Article ; Online: Therapeutic potential of uracil and its derivatives in countering pathogenic and physiological disorders.

Ramesh, Deepthi / Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

European journal of medicinal chemistry

2020 Volume 207, Page(s) 112801

Abstract: Uracil is one of the most notable pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry as the pyrimidine nucleobase forms an integral part of many commercial drugs. Though the name uracil is usually associated with cancer drugs, there are many uracil-based compounds ... ...

Abstract	Uracil is one of the most notable pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry as the pyrimidine nucleobase forms an integral part of many commercial drugs. Though the name uracil is usually associated with cancer drugs, there are many uracil-based compounds which can treat different diseases when they are employed. So far, there has been no in-depth review concerning uracil drugs in the market, or in the different stages of clinical trials, including those approved or discontinued. The current work focuses on the importance of uracil and its derivatives in treating different diseases. The use of uracil compounds in treating viral infections, cancer, diabetic, thyroid and autosomal recessive disorders are discussed in the review. The mechanism of action of each uracil drug with emphasis on their structure and properties are discussed in detail. The targeted action of these drugs on sites or on the different stages of a disorder/pathogenic life cycle are also discussed. This review encompasses uracil drugs approved as well as those in development from the 1950's onwards. The utility of uracil in drug discovery and its association with a wide range of diseases is brought forth within this review to demonstrate its potential to a wider audience.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Uracil/chemistry ; Uracil/pharmacology ; Uracil/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Uracil (56HH86ZVCT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-05
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	188597-2
ISSN	1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
ISSN (online)	1768-3254
ISSN	0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112801
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Article ; Online: Uracil derivatives as HIV-1 capsid protein inhibitors: design,

Ramesh, Deepthi / Mohanty, Amaresh Kumar / De, Anirban / Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel / Sethumadhavan, Aiswarya / Muthuvel, Suresh Kumar / Mani, Maheswaran / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

RSC advances

2022 Volume 12, Issue 27, Page(s) 17466–17480

Abstract: A series of novel uracil derivatives such as bispyrimidine dione and tetrapyrimidine dione derivatives were designed based on the existing four-point pharmacophore model as effective HIV capsid protein inhibitors. The compounds were initially docked with ...

Abstract	A series of novel uracil derivatives such as bispyrimidine dione and tetrapyrimidine dione derivatives were designed based on the existing four-point pharmacophore model as effective HIV capsid protein inhibitors. The compounds were initially docked with an HIV capsid protein monomer to rationalize the ideas of design and to find the potential binding modes. The successful design and computational studies led to the synthesis of bispyrimidine dione and tetrapyrimidine dione derivatives from uracil and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of HCl using novel methodology. The
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2046-2069
ISSN (online)	2046-2069
DOI	10.1039/d2ra02450k
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Article ; Online: Indole chalcones: Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Ramesh, Deepthi / Joji, Annu / Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel / Sethumadhavan, Aiswarya / Mani, Maheswaran / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

European journal of medicinal chemistry

2020 Volume 198, Page(s) 112358

Abstract: Indole chalcones were designed and synthesized as a promising set of compounds against ... ...

Abstract	Indole chalcones were designed and synthesized as a promising set of compounds against H
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antitubercular Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Chalcones/chemical synthesis ; Chalcones/metabolism ; Chalcones/pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II/antagonists & inhibitors ; Humans ; Indoles/chemical synthesis ; Indoles/metabolism ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Antitubercular Agents ; Chalcones ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Indoles ; Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II (EC 6.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-22
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	188597-2
ISSN	1768-3254 ; 0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
ISSN (online)	1768-3254
ISSN	0009-4374 ; 0223-5234
DOI	10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112358
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Article ; Online: In silico pharmacokinetic and molecular docking studies of natural flavonoids and synthetic indole chalcones against essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2.

Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel / Ramesh, Deepthi / Joji, Annu / Jayachandra Prakasan, Jayadharini / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

European journal of pharmacology

2020 Volume 886, Page(s) 173448

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is distinctly infective and there is an ongoing effort to find a cure for this pandemic. Flavonoids exist in many diets as well as in traditional medicine, and their modern subset, indole- ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is distinctly infective and there is an ongoing effort to find a cure for this pandemic. Flavonoids exist in many diets as well as in traditional medicine, and their modern subset, indole-chalcones, are effective in fighting various diseases. Hence, these flavonoids and structurally similar indole chalcones derivatives were studied in silico for their pharmacokinetic properties including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties against their proteins, namely, RNA dependent RNA polymerase (rdrp), main protease (M
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; Betacoronavirus/metabolism ; Chalcones/chemistry ; Chalcones/metabolism ; Chalcones/pharmacokinetics ; Chalcones/pharmacology ; Computer Simulation ; Flavonoids/metabolism ; Flavonoids/pharmacokinetics ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Indoles/chemistry ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Protein Conformation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Safety ; Tissue Distribution ; Viral Proteins/chemistry ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Chalcones ; Flavonoids ; Indoles ; Viral Proteins
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80121-5
ISSN	1879-0712 ; 0014-2999
ISSN (online)	1879-0712
ISSN	0014-2999
DOI	10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173448
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Article ; Online: Chitosan with pendant (

Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel / Ramesh, Deepthi / Santhosh Manikandan, K / Theresa, Mary / Sethumadhavan, Aiswarya / Priyadarisini, V Brindha / Radhakrishnan, E K / Mani, Maheswaran / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

Journal of materials chemistry. B

2022 Volume 10, Issue 21, Page(s) 4048–4058

Abstract: Conventional antimicrobial agents are losing the war against drug resistance day-by-day. Chitosan biopolymer is one of the alternative materials that lends itself well to this application by fine-tuning its bioactivity using different pendant groups. ... ...

Abstract	Conventional antimicrobial agents are losing the war against drug resistance day-by-day. Chitosan biopolymer is one of the alternative materials that lends itself well to this application by fine-tuning its bioactivity using different pendant groups. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel chitosan with pendant (
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Candida albicans ; Chitosan/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Uracil/analogs & derivatives
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Uracil (56HH86ZVCT) ; 6-aminouracil (873-83-6) ; Chitosan (9012-76-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2702241-9
ISSN	2050-7518 ; 2050-750X
ISSN (online)	2050-7518
ISSN	2050-750X
DOI	10.1039/d2tb00240j
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Article: Chitosan with pendant (E)-5-((4-acetylphenyl)diazenyl)-6-aminouracil groups as synergetic antimicrobial agents

Vijayakumar, Balaji Gowrivel / Ramesh, Deepthi / Santhosh Manikandan, K. / Theresa, Mary / Sethumadhavan, Aiswarya / Priyadarisini, V. Brindha / Radhakrishnan, E. K. / Mani, Maheswaran / Kannan, Tharanikkarasu

Journal of materials chemistry B. 2022 June 1, v. 10, no. 21

2022

Abstract	Conventional antimicrobial agents are losing the war against drug resistance day-by-day. Chitosan biopolymer is one of the alternative materials that lends itself well to this application by fine-tuning its bioactivity using different pendant groups. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel chitosan with pendant (E)-5-((4-acetylphenyl)diazenyl)-6-aminouracil (APAU) groups by forming Schiff base linkages between chitosan and the pendant groups. These chitosan biopolymers with pendant APAU groups form films superior in thermal stability compared to the neat chitosan. Interestingly, APAU alone was inactive against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, T. rubrum and C. albicans. However, novel chitosan samples were active against S. aureus with an MIC of 390 μg mL⁻¹, half that of plain chitosan at 780 μg mL⁻¹. APAU modified chitosan samples, CA80 and CA100 showed an MIC (against K. pneumoniae and E. coli) of 23.4 μg mL⁻¹, superior to plain chitosan's MIC of 187.5 μg mL⁻¹ and is close to commercial Fluconazole's MIC of 11.7 μg mL⁻¹. The activity of chitosan changes with APAU content and at higher concentrations shows a strong synergetic antimicrobial effect.
Keywords	Escherichia coli ; antimicrobial properties ; biopolymers ; chitosan ; drug resistance ; fluconazole ; schiff bases ; thermal stability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0601
Size	p. 4048-4058.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2702241-9
ISSN	2050-7518 ; 2050-750X
ISSN (online)	2050-7518
ISSN	2050-750X
DOI	10.1039/d2tb00240j
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