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Article ; Online: Re-Potentiation of β-Lactam Antibiotic by Synergistic Combination with Biogenic Copper Oxide Nanocubes against Biofilm Forming Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.

Arul Selvaraj, Ruby Celsia / Rajendran, Mala / Nagaiah, Hari Prasath

2019 Volume 24, Issue 17

Abstract: Biofilm-associated tissue and device infection is a major threat to therapy. The present work aims to potentiate β-lactam antibiotics with biologically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. The synergistic combination of amoxyclav with copper oxide ... ...

Abstract	Biofilm-associated tissue and device infection is a major threat to therapy. The present work aims to potentiate β-lactam antibiotics with biologically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles. The synergistic combination of amoxyclav with copper oxide nanoparticles was investigated by checkerboard assay and time-kill assay against bacteria isolated from a burn wound and a urinary catheter. The control of biofilm formation and extracellular polymeric substance production by the synergistic combination was quantified in well plate assay. The effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on the viability of human dermal fibroblasts was evaluated. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of amoxyclav were 70 μg/mL and 140 μg/mL, respectively, against
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Biofilms/drug effects ; Burns/complications ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Copper/administration & dosage ; Copper/chemistry ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Humans ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Urinary Catheters/microbiology ; beta-Lactams/isolation & purification ; beta-Lactams/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; beta-Lactams ; Copper (789U1901C5) ; cuprous oxide (T8BEA5064F)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules24173055
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Article ; Online: Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Sponge for Healing of Infectious Burn Wound.

Varalakshmi, Venkat / Suganiya, Selvaraj A / Mala, Rajendran

Recent patents on nanotechnology

2016 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 212–221

Abstract: Burn is the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide. It often creates a third degree to fourth degree burn wound in the victims of accident. Hence a study was undertaken to fabricate hybrid sponge with biopolymers, silver nano particle and ... ...

Abstract	Burn is the fourth most common type of trauma worldwide. It often creates a third degree to fourth degree burn wound in the victims of accident. Hence a study was undertaken to fabricate hybrid sponge with biopolymers, silver nano particle and phytochemical constituents to accelerate wound healing. Antimicrobial susceptibility of wound isolates was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The silver nano particle was synthesized using the extracts of clove bud. The size of silver nano material ranged from 59-98 nm. The sponge was fabricated by freeze drying and its swelling property was evaluated. In the present study, 82.3% of the swelling of the sponge was observed within 20 minutes. The efficiency of sponge in healing infectious burn wound was assessed in rats. On the 20(th) day, 96.92% of wound was healed in sponge dressing and 58.2% in silverex treated rats. Thus, the study proved that the sponge accelerated the healing rate. Recent patents on the formulation of antimicrobial dressings and sponge have also been discussed in this paper.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Bandages ; Burns/microbiology ; Burns/physiopathology ; Burns/therapy ; Honey ; Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Patents as Topic ; Rats ; Silver/chemistry ; Wound Healing
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Silver (3M4G523W1G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-21
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2212-4020
ISSN (online)	2212-4020
DOI	10.2174/1872210510999151126112122
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Article ; Online: In silico

Rajendran, Mala / Roy, Sudeep / Ravichandran, Keerthana / Mishra, Bagdevi / Gupta, Deepak K / Nagarajan, Subash / Arul Selvaraj, Ruby Celsia / Provaznik, Ivo

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

2020 Volume 40, Issue 7, Page(s) 3155–3169

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 cause fatal infection in 213 countries accounting for the death of millions of people globally. In the present study, phytochemicals from spices were assessed for their ability to interact with SARS-CoV-2 ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 cause fatal infection in 213 countries accounting for the death of millions of people globally. In the present study, phytochemicals from spices were assessed for their ability to interact with SARS-CoV-2 M
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Phytochemicals/chemistry ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology ; Protease Inhibitors/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Phytochemicals ; Protease Inhibitors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	49157-3
ISSN	1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
ISSN (online)	1538-0254
ISSN	0739-1102
DOI	10.1080/07391102.2020.1845980
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Article ; Online: Antibiotic Loaded Nano Rod Bone Cement for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis.

Rajendran, Mala / Iraivan, Gazana / Ghayathri B L / Mohan, Preetha / Chandran, Keerthana R / Nagaiah, Hari P / Selvaraj, Ruby C A

Recent patents on nanotechnology

2020 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 70–89

Abstract: Background: Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is the clinical gold standard biomaterial for local antibiotic therapy in osteomyelitis. However, it releases 50% of the antibiotic within the first three days. It generates excessive heat during ... ...

Abstract	Background: Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is the clinical gold standard biomaterial for local antibiotic therapy in osteomyelitis. However, it releases 50% of the antibiotic within the first three days. It generates excessive heat during polymerization and is non-biodegradable. It must be removed by another operation. The best-known alternative for PMMA is hydroxyapatite. Objectives: The present patented work is focused on synthesizing the biodegradable hydroxyapatite in nano form for slow and sustained release of antibiotics and studying the release kinetics of antibiotics. Methods: Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized by particle size analyser, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis. Antibiotic loaded nano-hydroxyapatite was prepared as 7 mm beads. The efficiency of drug-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite beads against osteomyelitic isolates was evaluated by well diffusion assay. Zero-order, first order, second order, Higuchi model, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Gompertz models were fit into the release kinetics of antibiotics from hydroxyapatite. Results: Average size of nano-hydroxyapatite was 5 nm. The bactericidal activity exhibited by antibiotic- loaded micro-sized hydroxyapatite was therapeutic until 10 days only, whereas antibiotic-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite was therapeutic until 8 weeks. This confirms the burst release of antibiotics from micro-sized hydroxyapatite beads. In contrast, the release was slow and sustained up to 8 weeks from nano-hydroxyapatite. Korsmeyer-Peppas model fits into the release kinetics of antibiotics from nanohydroxyapatite. Conclusion: Nano-hydroxyapatite with a Ca/P ratio of 1.78 is suitable for the slow and sustained delivery of antibiotics for 8 weeks.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bone Cements ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis/drug therapy ; Polymethyl Methacrylate
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bone Cements ; Polymethyl Methacrylate (9011-14-7) ; Durapatite (91D9GV0Z28)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2212-4020
ISSN (online)	2212-4020
DOI	10.2174/1872210514666200811103724
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Nano Structured Slow Release Fertilizer on the Soil Fertility, Yield and Nutritional Profile of Vigna radiata.

Mala, Rajendran / Selvaraj, Ruby Celsia Arul / Sundaram, Vidhya Barathi / Rajan, Raja Blessina Siva Shanmuga / Gurusamy, Uma Maheswari

Recent patents on nanotechnology

2017 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 50–62

Abstract: Background: The excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides has distorted soil composition, fertility and integrity with non-desirable environmental and ecological consequences. A strategy was designed to prepare a nano structured slow release ... ...

Abstract	Background: The excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides has distorted soil composition, fertility and integrity with non-desirable environmental and ecological consequences. A strategy was designed to prepare a nano structured slow release fertilizer system that delivers nutrients and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria simultaneously. Slow release nano phosphate and potash fertilizer was prepared by blending the nano emulsion of fertilizer with neem cake and PGPR. Slow release nano phosphate and potash fertilizer was prepared by blending the nano emulsion of fertilizer with neem cake and PGPR. Few patents relevant to the topic have been reviewed and cited. Methods: The influence of nano structured slow release fertilizer on the biochemical characteristics, soil and yield attributes of Vigna radiata was studied in the field by randomized block design. The treatments used to evaluate the effect of nano SRF were a control (without any fertilizer), neem cake, chemical fertilizer, PGPR and nano SRF. Germination, specific activity of enzymes, carbohydrates, protein, photosynthetic pigments, root nodule number and microbial population were assessed by standard methods. Results: The size of the nano urea slow release fertilizer ranged from 52.41 nm to 69.86 nm, and the size of the phosphate and potash fertilizer ranged from 81.85 nm to 87 nm. The weights of 1000 grains were 31.8 g, 33.28 g, 33.39 g, 36.65 g and 44.90 g in the control, neem cake, chemical fertilizer, PGPR and nano SRF, respectively. The protein concentrations were 162 mg g-1 in the control, 231 mg g-1 in the neem cake, 192 mg g-1 in the chemical fertilizer, 285 mg g-1 in the PGPR and 336 mg g-1 in the nano SRF. Nano slow release fertilizer treatment has stimulated germination and biochemical characteristics in Vigna radiata that are positively reflected in the yield attributes.
MeSH term(s)	Amylases/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Crop Production ; Fertilizers/analysis ; Germination ; Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nitrogen/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Particle Size ; Patents as Topic ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; Phosphorus/chemistry ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Roots/growth & development ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry ; Vigna/growth & development ; Vigna/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Fertilizers ; Plant Proteins ; Soil ; Chlorophyll (1406-65-1) ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W) ; Amylases (EC 3.2.1.-) ; Peptide Hydrolases (EC 3.4.-) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2212-4020
ISSN (online)	2212-4020
DOI	10.2174/1872210510666160727093554
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Article: Foley catheters functionalised with a synergistic combination of antibiotics and silver nanoparticles resist biofilm formation.

Mala, Rajendran / Annie Aglin, Antony / Ruby Celsia, Arul Selvaraj / Geerthika, Sivalingam / Kiruthika, Narbahvi / VazagaPriya, Chinnathambi / Srinivasa Kumar, Kumarapillai

IET nanobiotechnology

2017 Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) 612–620

Abstract: Foley catheters are inevitable in health care unit. Pathogens colonise and form biofilm on catheter causing catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Therefore, the authors aimed to functionalise catheter to resist biofilm formation. The authors ... ...

Abstract	Foley catheters are inevitable in health care unit. Pathogens colonise and form biofilm on catheter causing catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Therefore, the authors aimed to functionalise catheter to resist biofilm formation. The authors impregnated urinary catheters with a synergistic combination of antibiotics and silver nanoparticles (SNPs) to evaluate antibiofilm efficacy
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Biofilms ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver Function Tests ; Metal Nanoparticles/administration & dosage ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Mice ; Silver/chemistry ; Urinary Catheterization/instrumentation
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Silver (3M4G523W1G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2264529-9
ISSN	1751-875X ; 1751-8741
ISSN (online)	1751-875X
ISSN	1751-8741
DOI	10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0148
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Article ; Online: Student Voices

Rajendran Perumal Pillay / Indrani Govender

Space and Culture, India, Vol 11, Iss

A Critical Reflective Exploration of an Online Groupwork Video Analysis Task During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: The shift to online learning in universities prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted field learning, an important component in nature conservation qualifications. Academics used video resources as an alternative approach to mitigate related challenges. ...

Abstract	The shift to online learning in universities prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted field learning, an important component in nature conservation qualifications. Academics used video resources as an alternative approach to mitigate related challenges. This case study critically reflects on students’ experiences and views on the use of an internet video and WhatsApp text messaging to complete a groupwork task in a conservation module offered at a university in South Africa. The video content focused on threats to rare indigenous plant species in South Africa. Data were collected using an online electronic questionnaire (n=26) and through the analysis of five group-discussion text-messaging transcripts. Mixed-method analysis was used to analyse the data. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the closed questions in the questionnaire, and qualitative analysis was used for the open questions and transcripts. Ethical protocols were followed, with anonymity and confidentiality maintained. The findings, amongst others, indicate that overall, students agreed that the video promoted their understanding of threats to rare indigenous plants (76.9%); most students watched the video more than three times (84.6%); students had a positive response to the use of text messaging for group discussions (91.6%); and evident in the transcripts was active group engagement. Overall, WhatsApp text messaging facilitated student discussions in the asynchronous group work video analysis task. This reinforces underlying social constructivist pedagogy, which facilitates the integration of course content with group interaction and promotes critical thinking and problem-solving in a post-COVID-19 society.
Keywords	WhatsApp ; WhatsApp Text Messaging ; Online Learning ; Video Analysis ; Groupwork ; South Africa ; Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ; GN301-674
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	ACCB Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparative muscle transcriptome of Mali and Hampshire breeds of pigs: a preliminary study.

Mohan, Narayana H / Pathak, Prajwalita / Buragohain, Lipika / Deka, Juri / Bharati, Jaya / Das, Anil Kumar / Thomas, Rajendran / Singh, Rajendra / Sarma, Dilip Kumar / Gupta, Vivek Kumar / Das, Bikash Chandra

Animal biotechnology

2023 Volume 34, Issue 8, Page(s) 3946–3961

Abstract: ... are still unclear. Transcriptome data from two breeds of pigs with divergent muscularity (Mali and ... and 1115 unique transcripts to Hampshire and Mali, respectively. This study identified 908 ...

Abstract	Muscle development is an important priority of pig breeding programs. There is a considerable variation in muscularity between the breeds, but the regulation mechanisms of genes underlying myogenesis are still unclear. Transcriptome data from two breeds of pigs with divergent muscularity (Mali and Hampshire) were integrated with histology, immunofluorescence and meat yield to identify differences in myogenesis during the early growth phase. The muscle transcriptomics analysis revealed 17,721 common, 1413 and 1115 unique transcripts to Hampshire and Mali, respectively. This study identified 908 differentially expressed genes (
MeSH term(s)	Swine/genetics ; Animals ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Sus scrofa/genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Mali ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Muscle Development/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2043243-4
ISSN	1532-2378 ; 1049-5398
ISSN (online)	1532-2378
ISSN	1049-5398
DOI	10.1080/10495398.2023.2244988
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Article: In silico screening and molecular dynamics of phytochemicals from Indian cuisine against SARS-CoV-2 MPro

Rajendran, Mala / Roy, Sudeep / Ravichandran, Keerthana / Mishra, Bagdevi / Gupta, Deepak K / Nagarajan, Subash / Arul Selvaraj, Ruby Celsia / Provaznik, Ivo

J Biomol Struct Dyn

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 cause fatal infection in 213 countries accounting for the death of millions of people globally. In the present study, phytochemicals from spices were assessed for their ability to interact with SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Structure based virtual screening was performed with 146 phytochemicals from spices using Autodock Vina. Phytochemicals with binding energy ≥ -8.0 kcal/mol were selected to understand their interaction with MPro. Virtual screening was further validated by performing molecular docking to generate favorable docked poses and the participation of important amino acid residues. Molecular dynamics simulation for the docked poses was performed to study thermodynamic properties of the protein, ligand and protein-ligand complexes. The finding shows that cinnamtannin B2 and cyanin showed favorable binding affinity values with SARS-CoV-2 MPro. The results are comparable in terms of docked poses, important amino acid participation and thermodynamic properties with the standard control drugs remdesivir, benazepril and hydroxychloroquine diphosphate. Prime MM-GBSA was employed for end-point binding energy calculation. Binding to domain I and II of MPro were mediated through the OH, SH, NH2 and non-polar side chain of amino acids. Cinnamtannin B2 and cyanin binds to MPro with many sub sites within the active site with RMSD and RMSF within 4 Å. The results computed using Prime MM-GBSA show that cinnamtannin B2 (-68.54940214 kcal/mol) and cyanin (-62.1902835 kcal/mol) have better binding affinity in comparison to hydroxychloroquine diphosphate (-54.00912412 kcal/mol) and benazepril (-53.70242369 kcal/mol). The results provide a basis for exploiting cinnamtannin B2 and cyanin as a starting point potential candidate for the development of drug against SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #927219
Database	COVID19

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Book ; Online: Predicting the Splash of a Drop Impacting a Thin Liquid Film

Rajendran, Sucharitha / Jog, MA / Manglik, RM

2023

Abstract: In most spray coating and deposition applications, the target surface may be initially dry but with continuous drop impact a thin layer of liquid film is formed on which further impingement occurs. An experimental study of the process of drop impact on a ...

Abstract	In most spray coating and deposition applications, the target surface may be initially dry but with continuous drop impact a thin layer of liquid film is formed on which further impingement occurs. An experimental study of the process of drop impact on a thin stagnant film of the same liquid and the subsequent drop-film interactions is carried out. The impacting drop results in either liquid deposition or it can cause prompt or delayed splash. Deposition occurs when the drop merges with the liquid film without generating secondary drops. Splash results in the production of secondary drops either at the instant of impact (prompt splash) or through a delayed break-up of the rim of the crown formed as a result of the impact (delayed splash). Experiments are conducted to characterize the phenomena using five different Newtonian liquids and by varying drop impact diameter and velocity. The liquids are chosen so as to cover a wide range of liquid properties (viscosity and surface tension). A high-speed digital camera is used to capture the drop impact dynamics. The threshold of splashing is found to be related to drop size, impact velocity, liquid properties and thin film thickness. Experimental analysis of the significance of inertial, viscous and capillary forces in determining the splash and no-splash (or deposition) boundary helps in establishing an empirical correlation for the same. The splash and no-splash outcomes predicted by the proposed correlation agree well with experimental data available in the literature. Comment: Langmuir, published on: 2023/9/27; 26 pages, 8 figure;Deposition,Liquids,Surface tension,Thickness,Thin films
Keywords	Physics - Fluid Dynamics ; High Energy Physics - Experiment
Subject code	660
Publishing date	2023-10-03
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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