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  1. Article ; Online: The authors reply.

    Trigonis, Russell A / Khan, Babar A / Rahman, Omar

    Critical care medicine

    2020  Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) e116–e117

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 197890-1
    ISSN 1530-0293 ; 0090-3493
    ISSN (online) 1530-0293
    ISSN 0090-3493
    DOI 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004719
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Receiving Prophylactic Anticoagulation.

    Trigonis, Russell A / Holt, Daniel B / Yuan, Rebecca / Siddiqui, Asma A / Craft, Mitchell K / Khan, Babar A / Kapoor, Rajat / Rahman, Omar

    Critical care medicine

    2020  Volume 48, Issue 9, Page(s) e805–e808

    Abstract: Objectives: One of the defining features of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection has been high rates of venous thromboses. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients receiving ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: One of the defining features of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection has been high rates of venous thromboses. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients receiving different regimens of prophylactic anticoagulation.
    Design: Single-center retrospective review using data from patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requiring intubation.
    Setting: Tertiary-care center in Indianapolis, IN, United States.
    Patients: Patients hospitalized at international units Health Methodist Hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requiring intubation between March 23, 2020, and April 8, 2020, who underwent ultrasound evaluation for venous thrombosis.
    Interventions: None.
    Measurements and main results: A total of 45 patients were included. Nineteen of 45 patients (42.2%) were found to have deep venous thrombosis. Patients found to have deep venous thrombosis had no difference in time to intubation (p = 0.97) but underwent ultrasound earlier in their hospital course (p = 0.02). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were similar between the groups on day of intubation and day of ultrasound (p = 0.44 and p = 0.07, respectively). D-dimers were markedly higher in patients with deep venous thrombosis, both for maximum value and value on day of ultrasound (p < 0.01 for both). Choice of prophylactic regimen was not related to presence of deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.35). Ultrasound evaluation is recommended if D-dimer is greater than 2,000 ng/mL (sensitivity 95%, specificity 46%) and empiric anticoagulation considered if D-dimer is greater than 5,500 ng/mL (sensitivity 53%, specificity 88%).
    Conclusions: Deep venous thrombosis is very common in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. There was no difference in incidence of deep venous thrombosis among different pharmacologic prophylaxis regimens, although our analysis is limited by small sample size. D-dimer values are elevated in the majority of these patients, but there may be thresholds at which screening ultrasound or even empiric systemic anticoagulation is indicated.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Biomarkers/blood ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology ; Venous Thromboembolism/etiology ; Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Biomarkers ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; fibrin fragment D
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 197890-1
    ISSN 1530-0293 ; 0090-3493
    ISSN (online) 1530-0293
    ISSN 0090-3493
    DOI 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004472
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Characteristics of COVID-19 patients with bacterial coinfection admitted to the hospital from the emergency department in a large regional healthcare system.

    Lardaro, Thomas / Wang, Alfred Z / Bucca, Antonino / Croft, Alexander / Glober, Nancy / Holt, Daniel B / Musey, Paul I / Peterson, Kelli D / Trigonis, Russell A / Schaffer, Jason T / Hunter, Benton R

    Journal of medical virology

    2021  Volume 93, Issue 5, Page(s) 2883–2889

    Abstract: Introduction: The rate of bacterial coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is poorly defined. The decision to administer antibiotics early in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the likelihood of bacterial coinfection.: Methods: We performed a ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The rate of bacterial coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is poorly defined. The decision to administer antibiotics early in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the likelihood of bacterial coinfection.
    Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted through the emergency department with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection over a 6-week period in a large healthcare system in the United States. Blood and respiratory culture results were abstracted and adjudicated by multiple authors. The primary outcome was the rate of bacteremia. We secondarily looked to define clinical or laboratory features associated with bacteremia.
    Results: There were 542 patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an average age of 62.8 years. Of these, 395 had blood cultures performed upon admission, with six true positive results (1.1% of the total population). An additional 14 patients had positive respiratory cultures treated as true pathogens in the first 72 h. Low blood pressure and elevated white blood cell count, neutrophil count, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate were statistically significantly associated with bacteremia. Clinical outcomes were not statistically significantly different between patients with and without bacteremia.
    Conclusions: We found a low rate of bacteremia in patients admitted with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In hemodynamically stable patients, routine antibiotics may not be warranted in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteremia/diagnosis ; Bacteremia/epidemiology ; Bacteremia/therapy ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology ; Bacterial Infections/therapy ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/therapy ; Coinfection/diagnosis ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Coinfection/therapy ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Indiana/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.26795
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Fluid Resuscitation and Progression to Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients With COVID-19.

    Holt, Daniel B / Lardaro, Thomas / Wang, Alfred Z / Musey, Paul I / Trigonis, Russell / Bucca, Antonino / Croft, Alexander / Glober, Nancy / Peterson, Kelli / Schaffer, Jason T / Hunter, Benton R

    The Journal of emergency medicine

    2021  Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 145–153

    Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with respiratory symptoms and renal effects. Data regarding fluid resuscitation and kidney injury in COVID-19 are lacking, and understanding this relationship is critical.: Objectives: To ... ...

    Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with respiratory symptoms and renal effects. Data regarding fluid resuscitation and kidney injury in COVID-19 are lacking, and understanding this relationship is critical.
    Objectives: To determine if there is an association between fluid volume administered in 24 h and development of renal failure in COVID-19 patients.
    Methods: Retrospective chart review; 14 hospitals in Indiana. Included patients were adults admitted between March 11, 2020 and April 13, 2020 with a positive test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 within 3 days of admission. Patients requiring renal replacement therapy prior to admission were excluded. Volumes and types of resuscitative intravenous fluids in the first 24 h were obtained with demographics, medical history, and other objective data. The primary outcome was initiation of renal replacement therapy. Logistic regression modeling was utilized in creating multivariate models for determining factors associated with the primary outcome.
    Results: The fluid volume received in the first 24 h after hospital admission was associated with initiation of renal replacement therapy in two different multivariate logistic regression models. An odds ratio of 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.99) was observed when adjusting for age, heart failure, obesity, creatinine, bicarbonate, and total fluid volume. An odds ratio of 1.45 (95% confidence interval 1.02-2.05) was observed when variables significant in univariate analysis were adjusted for.
    Conclusions: Each liter of intravenous fluid administered to patients with COVID-19 in the first 24 h of presentation was independently associated with an increased risk for initiation of renal replacement therapy, supporting judicious fluid administration in patients with this disease.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy ; Adult ; COVID-19 ; Fluid Therapy/adverse effects ; Humans ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605559-x
    ISSN 0736-4679
    ISSN 0736-4679
    DOI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.10.026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Can we predict which COVID-19 patients will need transfer to intensive care within 24 hours of floor admission?

    Wang, Alfred Z / Ehrman, Robert / Bucca, Antonino / Croft, Alexander / Glober, Nancy / Holt, Daniel / Lardaro, Thomas / Musey, Paul / Peterson, Kelli / Schaffer, Jason / Trigonis, Russell / Hunter, Benton R

    Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 5, Page(s) 511–518

    Abstract: Background: Patients with COVID-19 can present to the emergency department (ED) at any point during the spectrum of illness, making it difficult to predict what level of care the patient will ultimately require. Admission to a ward bed, which is ... ...

    Abstract Background: Patients with COVID-19 can present to the emergency department (ED) at any point during the spectrum of illness, making it difficult to predict what level of care the patient will ultimately require. Admission to a ward bed, which is subsequently upgraded within hours to an intensive care unit (ICU) bed, represents an inability to appropriately predict the patient's course of illness. Predicting which patients will require ICU care within 24 hours would allow admissions to be managed more appropriately.
    Methods: This was a retrospective study of adults admitted to a large health care system, including 14 hospitals across the state of Indiana. Included patients were aged ≥ 18 years, were admitted to the hospital from the ED, and had a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19. Patients directly admitted to the ICU or in whom the PCR test was obtained > 3 days after hospital admission were excluded. Extracted data points included demographics, comorbidities, ED vital signs, laboratory values, chest imaging results, and level of care on admission. The primary outcome was a combination of either death or transfer to ICU within 24 hours of admission to the hospital. Data analysis was performed by logistic regression modeling to determine a multivariable model of variables that could predict the primary outcome.
    Results: Of the 542 included patients, 46 (10%) required transfer to ICU within 24 hours of admission. The final composite model, adjusted for age and admission location, included history of heart failure and initial oxygen saturation of <93% plus either white blood cell count > 6.4 or glomerular filtration rate < 46. The odds ratio (OR) for decompensation within 24 hours was 5.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.17 to 12.31) when all criteria were present. For patients without the above criteria, the OR for ICU transfer was 0.20 (95% CI = 0.09 to 0.45).
    Conclusions: Although our model did not perform well enough to stand alone as a decision guide, it highlights certain clinical features that are associated with increased risk of decompensation.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19 ; Critical Care ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Patient Admission ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1329813-6
    ISSN 1553-2712 ; 1069-6563
    ISSN (online) 1553-2712
    ISSN 1069-6563
    DOI 10.1111/acem.14245
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Receiving Prophylactic Anticoagulation

    Trigonis, Russell A / Holt, Daniel B / Yuan, Rebecca / Siddiqui, Asma A / Craft, Mitchell K / Khan, Babar A / Kapoor, Rajat / Rahman, Omar

    Crit Care Med

    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: One of the defining features of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection has been high rates of venous thromboses. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients receiving different ...

    Abstract OBJECTIVES: One of the defining features of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection has been high rates of venous thromboses. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients receiving different regimens of prophylactic anticoagulation. DESIGN: Single-center retrospective review using data from patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requiring intubation. SETTING: Tertiary-care center in Indianapolis, IN, United States. PATIENTS: Patients hospitalized at international units Health Methodist Hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requiring intubation between March 23, 2020, and April 8, 2020, who underwent ultrasound evaluation for venous thrombosis. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included. Nineteen of 45 patients (42.2%) were found to have deep venous thrombosis. Patients found to have deep venous thrombosis had no difference in time to intubation (p = 0.97) but underwent ultrasound earlier in their hospital course (p = 0.02). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were similar between the groups on day of intubation and day of ultrasound (p = 0.44 and p = 0.07, respectively). D-dimers were markedly higher in patients with deep venous thrombosis, both for maximum value and value on day of ultrasound (p < 0.01 for both). Choice of prophylactic regimen was not related to presence of deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.35). Ultrasound evaluation is recommended if D-dimer is greater than 2,000 ng/mL (sensitivity 95%, specificity 46%) and empiric anticoagulation considered if D-dimer is greater than 5,500 ng/mL (sensitivity 53%, specificity 88%). CONCLUSIONS: Deep venous thrombosis is very common in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. There was no difference in incidence of deep venous thrombosis among different pharmacologic prophylaxis regimens, although our analysis is limited by small sample size. D-dimer values are elevated in the majority of these patients, but there may be thresholds at which screening ultrasound or even empiric systemic anticoagulation is indicated.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #630968
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: Efficacy of Bivalirudin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients Requiring ECMO Support.

    Trigonis, Russell / Smith, Nikki / Porter, Shelley / Anderson, Eve / Jennings, Mckenna / Kapoor, Rajat / Hage, Chadi / Moiz, Salwa / Garcia, Jose / Rahman, Omar

    Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia

    2021  Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 414–418

    Abstract: Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with cases of refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) sometimes requiring support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Bivalirudin can be used for ...

    Abstract Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with cases of refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) sometimes requiring support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Bivalirudin can be used for anticoagulation in patients on ECMO support, but its efficacy and safety in patients with COVID-19 is unknown. The authors set out to compare the pharmacologic characteristics and dosing requirements of bivalirudin in patients requiring ECMO support for ARDS due to COVID-19 versus ARDS from other etiologies.
    Design and setting: This retrospective case-control study was performed at Indiana University Health Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana.
    Participants: Patients were included if they were on venovenous ECMO support between June 2019 and June 2020, and divided into two groups: ARDS secondary to COVID-19 and those with ARDS from another etiology (Non-COVID).
    Interventions: Patient demographics, such as age, sex, weight, chronic comorbid conditions, baseline antiplatelet and anticoagulant use, antiplatelet use during ECMO, and need for renal replacement therapy were collected, and compared between groups. Time to activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) goal, percentage of time at aPTT goal, bivalirudin rates, total bivalirudin requirements, total duration on bivalirudin, total duration on ECMO, mortality, and complications associated with ECMO were collected and compared between groups.
    Measurements and main results: A total of 42 patients met inclusion criteria (n = 19 COVID-19, n = 23 non-COVID). However, percentages of aPTTs at goal were maintained more consistently in patients with COVID-19 versus non-COVID (86% v 74%: p < 0.01). Higher median (IQR) daily rates (3.1 μg/kg/min [2.3-5.2] v 2.4 μg/kg/min [1.7-3.3]: p = 0.05) and higher median (IQR) maximum rates of bivalirudin (5 μg/kg/min [3.7-7.5] v 3.8 μg/kg/min [2.5-5]: p = 0.03) were required in the COVID-19 group versus the non-COVID group. Time to goal aPTT was similar between groups. There were no differences in complications associated with anticoagulation, as demonstrated by similar rates of bleeding and thrombosis between both groups.
    Conclusions: Patients on ECMO with ARDS from COVID-19 require more bivalirudin overall and higher rates of bivalirudin to maintain goal aPTTs compared with patients without COVID-19. However, COVID-19 patients more consistently maintain goal aPTT. Future randomized trials are needed to support efficacy and safety of bivalirudin for anticoagulation of COVID-19 patients on ECMO.
    MeSH term(s) Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; COVID-19 ; Case-Control Studies ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Hirudins ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; Recombinant Proteins ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Anticoagulants ; Hirudins ; Peptide Fragments ; Recombinant Proteins ; bivalirudin (TN9BEX005G)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1067317-9
    ISSN 1532-8422 ; 1053-0770
    ISSN (online) 1532-8422
    ISSN 1053-0770
    DOI 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.10.026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Receiving Prophylactic Anticoagulation

    Trigonis, Russell A. / Holt, Daniel B. / Yuan, Rebecca / Siddiqui, Asma A. / Craft, Mitchell K. / Khan, Babar A. / Kapoor, Rajat / Rahman, Omar

    PMC

    2020  

    Abstract: This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) ... ...

    Abstract This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

    Objectives: One of the defining features of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 infection has been high rates of venous thromboses. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients receiving different regimens of prophylactic anticoagulation. Design: Single-center retrospective review using data from patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requiring intubation. Setting: Tertiary-care center in Indianapolis, IN, United States. Patients: Patients hospitalized at international units Health Methodist Hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requiring intubation between March 23, 2020, and April 8, 2020, who underwent ultrasound evaluation for venous thrombosis. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 45 patients were included. Nineteen of 45 patients (42.2%) were found to have deep venous thrombosis. Patients found to have deep venous thrombosis had no difference in time to intubation (p = 0.97) but underwent ultrasound earlier in their hospital course (p = 0.02). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were similar between the groups on day of intubation and day of ultrasound (p = 0.44 and p = 0.07, respectively). d-dimers were markedly higher in patients with deep venous thrombosis, both for maximum value and value on day of ultrasound (p < 0.01 for both). Choice of prophylactic regimen was not related to presence of deep venous thrombosis (p = 0.35). Ultrasound evaluation is recommended if d-dimer is greater than 2,000 ng/mL (sensitivity 95%, specificity 46%) and empiric anticoagulation considered if d-dimer is greater than 5,500 ng/mL (sensitivity 53%, specificity 88%). Conclusions: Deep venous thrombosis is very common in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019. There was no difference in incidence of deep venous thrombosis among different pharmacologic prophylaxis regimens, although our analysis is limited by small sample size. d-dimer values are elevated in the majority of these patients, but there may be thresholds at which screening ultrasound or even empiric systemic anticoagulation is indicated.

    Dr. Khan’s institution received funding from the National Institutes of Health. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; Deep Venous Thrombosis ; Venous Thromboembolism ; Prophylactic Anticoagulation ; Anticoagulant ; covid19
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-30
    Publisher Wolters Kluwer
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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