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  1. Article ; Online: Photochemical fate of quaternary ammonium compounds in river water.

    Hora, Priya I / Arnold, William A

    Environmental science. Processes & impacts

    2020  Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 1368–1381

    Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are not completely removed during wastewater treatment and are frequently detected in surface waters and sediments. The photochemical transformation of QACs has not been thoroughly investigated as a potential ... ...

    Abstract Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are not completely removed during wastewater treatment and are frequently detected in surface waters and sediments. The photochemical transformation of QACs has not been thoroughly investigated as a potential degradation pathway affecting their fate in the environment. Kinetic studies of common QACs with and without aromatic groups under simulated and natural sunlight conditions were performed with model sensitizers and dissolved organic matter to estimate photochemical half-lives in the aquatic environment. All QACs investigated react with hydroxyl radicals at diffusion-controlled rates (∼2.9 × 109 to 1.2 × 1010 M-1 s-1). Benzethonium reacted via direct photolysis (ΦBZT,outdoor = 1.7 × 10-2 (mol Ei-1)). Benzethonium also reacted with the triplet excited state model sensitizer 2-acetylnaphthalene, but evidence suggests this reaction pathway is unimportant in natural waters due to faster quenching of the triplet 2-acetylnapthalene by oxygen. Reactivity with singlet oxygen for the QACs was minimal. Overall, reactions with hydroxyl radicals will dominate over direct photolysis due to limited spectral overlap of sunlight emission and QAC absorbance. Photolysis half-lives are predicted to be 12 to 94 days, indicating slow abiotic degradation in surface water.
    MeSH term(s) Fresh Water ; Kinetics ; Photolysis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Rivers ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Chemical Substances Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
    ISSN (online) 2050-7895
    ISSN 2050-7887
    DOI 10.1039/d0em00086h
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Photochemical fate of quaternary ammonium compounds in river water

    Hora, Priya I / Arnold, William A

    Environmental science. 2020 June 24, v. 22, no. 6

    2020  

    Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are not completely removed during wastewater treatment and are frequently detected in surface waters and sediments. The photochemical transformation of QACs has not been thoroughly investigated as a potential ... ...

    Abstract Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are not completely removed during wastewater treatment and are frequently detected in surface waters and sediments. The photochemical transformation of QACs has not been thoroughly investigated as a potential degradation pathway affecting their fate in the environment. Kinetic studies of common QACs with and without aromatic groups under simulated and natural sunlight conditions were performed with model sensitizers and dissolved organic matter to estimate photochemical half-lives in the aquatic environment. All QACs investigated react with hydroxyl radicals at diffusion-controlled rates (∼2.9 × 10⁹ to 1.2 × 10¹⁰ M⁻¹ s⁻¹). Benzethonium reacted via direct photolysis (ΦBZT,ₒᵤₜdₒₒᵣ = 1.7 × 10⁻² (mol Ei⁻¹)). Benzethonium also reacted with the triplet excited state model sensitizer 2-acetylnaphthalene, but evidence suggests this reaction pathway is unimportant in natural waters due to faster quenching of the triplet 2-acetylnapthalene by oxygen. Reactivity with singlet oxygen for the QACs was minimal. Overall, reactions with hydroxyl radicals will dominate over direct photolysis due to limited spectral overlap of sunlight emission and QAC absorbance. Photolysis half-lives are predicted to be 12 to 94 days, indicating slow abiotic degradation in surface water.
    Keywords absorbance ; aquatic environment ; half life ; oxygen ; photolysis ; quaternary ammonium compounds ; river water ; singlet oxygen ; solar radiation ; surface water ; wastewater treatment
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0624
    Size p. 1368-1381.
    Publishing place The Royal Society of Chemistry
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2703814-2
    ISSN 2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
    ISSN (online) 2050-7895
    ISSN 2050-7887
    DOI 10.1039/d0em00086h
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  3. Article: Photodegradation of pharmaceutical compounds in partially nitritated wastewater during UV irradiation

    Hora, Priya I. / Novak, Paige J. / Arnold, William A.

    Environmental science : Water research & technology

    2019  Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) 897

    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2833082-1
    ISSN 2053-1400
    Database Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  4. Article: Increased Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Beyond: Consideration of Environmental Implications.

    Hora, Priya I / Pati, Sarah G / McNamara, Patrick J / Arnold, William A

    Environmental science & technology letters

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 9, Page(s) 622–631

    Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in over 200 disinfectants currently recommended by the U.S. EPA for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. The amounts of these compounds used in household, workplace, and industry ... ...

    Abstract Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in over 200 disinfectants currently recommended by the U.S. EPA for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. The amounts of these compounds used in household, workplace, and industry settings has very likely increased, and usage will continue to be elevated given the scope of the pandemic. QACs have been previously detected in wastewater, surface waters, and sediments, and effects on antibiotic resistance have been explored. Thus, it is important to assess potential environmental and engineering impacts of elevated QAC usage, which may include disruption of wastewater treatment unit operations, proliferation of antibiotic resistance, formation of nitrosamine disinfection byproducts, and impacts on biota in surface waters. The threat caused by COVID-19 is clear, and a reasonable response is elevated use of QACs to mitigate spread of infection. Exploration of potential effects, environmental fate, and technologies to minimize environmental releases of QACs, however, is warranted.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2328-8930
    ISSN 2328-8930
    DOI 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00437
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Increased Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Beyond: Consideration of Environmental Implications

    Hora, Priya I / Pati, Sarah G / McNamara, Patrick J / Arnold, William A

    Environmental science & technology letters. 2020 June 26, v. 7, no. 9

    2020  

    Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in over 200 disinfectants currently recommended by the U.S. EPA for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. The amounts of these compounds used in household, workplace, and industry ... ...

    Abstract Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in over 200 disinfectants currently recommended by the U.S. EPA for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. The amounts of these compounds used in household, workplace, and industry settings has very likely increased, and usage will continue to be elevated given the scope of the pandemic. QACs have been previously detected in wastewater, surface waters, and sediments, and effects on antibiotic resistance have been explored. Thus, it is important to assess potential environmental and engineering impacts of elevated QAC usage, which may include disruption of wastewater treatment unit operations, proliferation of antibiotic resistance, formation of nitrosamine disinfection byproducts, and impacts on biota in surface waters. The threat caused by COVID-19 is clear, and a reasonable response is elevated use of QACs to mitigate spread of infection. Exploration of potential effects, environmental fate, and technologies to minimize environmental releases of QACs, however, is warranted.
    Keywords COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; antibiotic resistance ; disinfection ; environmental fate ; industry ; pandemic ; quaternary ammonium compounds ; viruses ; wastewater ; wastewater treatment ; working conditions
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0626
    Size p. 622-631.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 2328-8930
    DOI 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00437
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Increased Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Beyond

    Hora, Priya I. / Pati, Sarah G. / McNamara, Patrick J. / Arnold, William A.

    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Consideration of Environmental Implications

    2020  Volume 7, Issue 9, Page(s) 622–631

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2328-8930
    DOI 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00437
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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    Order via subito

    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

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  7. Article: Increased Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Beyond: Consideration of Environmental Implications

    Hora, Priya I. / Pati, Sarah G. / McNamara, Patrick J. / Arnold, William A.

    Environmental Science & Technology Letters

    Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in over 200 disinfectants currently recommended by the U S EPA for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus The amounts of these compounds used in household, workplace, and industry ... ...

    Abstract Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are active ingredients in over 200 disinfectants currently recommended by the U S EPA for use to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus The amounts of these compounds used in household, workplace, and industry settings has very likely increased, and usage will continue to be elevated given the scope of the pandemic QACs have been previously detected in wastewater, surface waters, and sediments, and effects on antibiotic resistance have been explored Thus, it is important to assess potential environmental and engineering impacts of elevated QAC usage, which may include disruption of wastewater treatment unit operations, proliferation of antibiotic resistance, formation of nitrosamine disinfection byproducts, and impacts on biota in surface waters The threat caused by COVID-19 is clear, and a reasonable response is elevated use of QACs to mitigate spread of infection Exploration of potential effects, environmental fate, and technologies to minimize environmental releases of QACs, however, is warranted
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #811638
    Database COVID19

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