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Article ; Online: Endocrinology of Taste with Aging.

Chia, Chee W / Yeager, Shayna M / Egan, Josephine M

Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

2023 Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 295–315

Abstract: Taste is one of our five primary senses, and taste impairment has been shown to increase with aging. The ability to taste allows us to enjoy the food we eat and to avoid foods that are potentially spoiled or poisonous. Recent advances in our ... ...

Abstract	Taste is one of our five primary senses, and taste impairment has been shown to increase with aging. The ability to taste allows us to enjoy the food we eat and to avoid foods that are potentially spoiled or poisonous. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of taste receptor cells located within taste buds help us decipher how taste works. The discoveries of "classic" endocrine hormones in taste receptor cells point toward taste buds being actual endocrine organs. A better understanding of how taste works may help in reversing taste impairment associated with aging.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Taste ; Taste Buds ; Hormones ; Endocrinology ; Aging
Chemical Substances	Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	92116-6
ISSN	1558-4410 ; 0889-8529
ISSN (online)	1558-4410
ISSN	0889-8529
DOI	10.1016/j.ecl.2022.10.002
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Article ; Online: Quality Specific Associations of Carbohydrate Consumption and Frailty Index.

Tanaka, Toshiko / Kafyra, Maria / Jin, Yichen / Chia, Chee W / Dedoussis, George V / Talegawkar, Sameera A / Ferrucci, Luigi

Nutrients

2022 Volume 14, Issue 23

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu14235072
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Article ; Online: Plant-based diets and the gut microbiome: findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Shen, Xinyi / Tilves, Curtis / Kim, Hyunju / Tanaka, Toshiko / Spira, Adam P / Chia, Chee W / Talegawkar, Sameera A / Ferrucci, Luigi / Mueller, Noel T

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2024 Volume 119, Issue 3, Page(s) 628–638

Abstract: Background: Mounting evidence indicates that although some plant-based diets are healthful, others are not. Changes in the gut microbiome and microbiome-dependent metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), may explain differential health ... ...

Abstract	Background: Mounting evidence indicates that although some plant-based diets are healthful, others are not. Changes in the gut microbiome and microbiome-dependent metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), may explain differential health effects of plant-based diets. However, human data are sparse on whether qualitatively distinct types of plant-based diets differentially affect gut microbiome diversity, composition, particularly at the species level, and/or metabolites. Objectives: We aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of different plant-based indices with adult gut microbiome diversity, composition, and the metabolite TMAO. Methods: We studied 705 adults in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging with data for diet, fecal microbiome (shotgun metagenomic sequencing), and key covariates. We derived healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) using data from food frequency questionnaires. We examined plant-based diet indices with microbiome α-diversity (richness and evenness measures), β-diversity (Bray-Curtis and UniFrac measures), composition (species level), and plasma TMAO. We used regression models to determine associations before and after adjustment for age, sex, education, physical activity, smoking status, body mass index, and total energy intake. Results: The analytic sample (mean age, 71.0 years, SD = 12.8 years) comprised 55.6% female and 67.5% non-Hispanic White participants. hPDI was positively and uPDI negatively associated with microbiome α-diversity, driven by microbial evenness (Pielou P < 0.05). hPDI was also positively associated with relative abundance of 3 polysaccharide-degrading bacterial species (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium eligens, and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) and inversely associated with 6 species (Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Doreasp CAG 317, Eisenbergiella massiliensis, Sellimonas intestinalis, Blautia wexlerae, and Alistipes shahii). Furthermore, hPDI was inversely associated with TMAO. Associations did not differ by age, sex, or race. Conclusions: Greater adherence to a healthful plant-based diet is associated with microbiome features that have been linked to positive health; adherence to an unhealthful plant-based diet has opposing or null associations with these features.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Aging ; Baltimore ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Diet, Plant-Based ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Longitudinal Studies ; Methylamines ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Methylamines ; trimethyloxamine (FLD0K1SJ1A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.006
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Article ; Online: Incretins in obesity and diabetes.

Chia, Chee W / Egan, Josephine M

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

2019 Volume 1461, Issue 1, Page(s) 104–126

Abstract: Incretins are hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells after nutrient intake that stimulate insulin secretion from β cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the ... ...

Abstract	Incretins are hormones secreted from enteroendocrine cells after nutrient intake that stimulate insulin secretion from β cells in a glucose-dependent manner. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the only two known incretins. Dysregulation of incretin secretion and actions are noted in diseases such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, we first summarize our traditional understanding of the physiology of GIP and GLP-1, and our current knowledge of the relationships between GIP and GLP-1 and obesity and diabetes. Next, we present the results from major randomized controlled trials on the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for managing type 2 diabetes, and emerging data on treating obesity and prediabetes. We conclude with a glimpse of the future with possible complex interactions between nutrients, gut microbiota, the endocannabinoid system, and enteroendocrine cells.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Endocannabinoids/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Incretins/metabolism ; Obesity/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Endocannabinoids ; Incretins
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	211003-9
ISSN	1749-6632 ; 0077-8923
ISSN (online)	1749-6632
ISSN	0077-8923
DOI	10.1111/nyas.14211
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Article ; Online: Whole-genome methylation analysis of aging human tissues identifies age-related changes in developmental and neurological pathways.

Tharakan, Ravi / Ubaida-Mohien, Ceereena / Dunn, Christopher / Kaileh, Mary / Tryggvadottir, Rakel / Zukley, Linda / Chia, Chee W / Sen, Ranjan / Ferrucci, Luigi

Aging cell

2023 Volume 22, Issue 7, Page(s) e13847

Abstract: Age-associated changes in the DNA methylation state can be used to assess the pace of aging. However, it is not understood what mechanisms drive these changes and whether these changes affect the development of aging phenotypes and the aging process in ... ...

Abstract	Age-associated changes in the DNA methylation state can be used to assess the pace of aging. However, it is not understood what mechanisms drive these changes and whether these changes affect the development of aging phenotypes and the aging process in general. This study was aimed at gaining a more comprehensive understanding of aging-related methylation changes across the whole genome, and relating these changes to biological functions. It has been shown that skeletal muscle and blood monocytes undergo typical changes with aging. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, we sought to characterize the genome-wide changes in methylation of DNA derived from both skeletal muscle and blood monocytes, and link these changes to specific genes and pathways through enrichment analysis. We found that methylation changes occur with aging at the locations enriched for developmental and neuronal pathways regulated in these two peripheral tissues. These results contribute to our understanding of changes in epigenome in human aging.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aging/genetics ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Genome ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Phenotype ; CpG Islands ; Epigenesis, Genetic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	2113083-8
ISSN	1474-9726 ; 1474-9718
ISSN (online)	1474-9726
ISSN	1474-9718
DOI	10.1111/acel.13847
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Article ; Online: The gut microbiome and regional fat distribution: Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Tilves, Curtis / Tanaka, Toshiko / Differding, Moira K / Spira, Adam P / Chia, Chee W / Ferrucci, Luigi / Mueller, Noel T

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)

2023 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 1425–1435

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations of gut microbiome diversity and composition with directly measured regional fat distribution, including central fat, in a large community-based cohort.: Methods: A cross-sectional ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations of gut microbiome diversity and composition with directly measured regional fat distribution, including central fat, in a large community-based cohort. Methods: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 815, 55.2% female, 65.9% White). The fecal microbiome was assessed using whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and trunk and leg fat was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable-adjusted associations of regional fat measures, BMI, or waist circumference with microbiome alpha diversity metrics, microbiome beta diversity metrics, and species differential abundance (verified using two compositional statistical approaches) were examined. Results: Trunk fat, leg fat, BMI, and waist circumference all significantly explained similar amounts of variance in microbiome structure. Differential abundance testing identified 11 bacterial species significantly associated with at least one measure of body composition or anthropometry. Ruminococcus gnavus was strongly and consistently associated with trunk fat mass, which is congruent with prior literature. Conclusions: Microbiome diversity and composition, in particular higher abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus, were associated with greater trunk fat, in addition to other measures of obesity. Longitudinal studies are needed to replicate these findings, and if replicated, randomized trials are needed to determine whether interventions targeting microbiome features such as abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus can lead to reductions in trunk fat and its metabolic sequelae.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; Body Mass Index ; Longitudinal Studies ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Baltimore ; Aging ; Absorptiometry, Photon
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2230457-5
ISSN	1930-739X ; 1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
ISSN (online)	1930-739X
ISSN	1071-7323 ; 1930-7381
DOI	10.1002/oby.23717
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Article: A look at the trend in diabetes-related complications in the U.S. over the past two decades: looking ahead.

Chia, Chee W / Ferrucci, Luigi

Annals of translational medicine

2014 Volume 2, Issue 12, Page(s) 121

Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12-30
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2893931-1
ISSN	2305-5847 ; 2305-5839
ISSN (online)	2305-5847
ISSN	2305-5839
DOI	10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.10.05
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Article ; Online: Age-Related Changes in Glucose Metabolism, Hyperglycemia, and Cardiovascular Risk.

Chia, Chee W / Egan, Josephine M / Ferrucci, Luigi

Circulation research

2018 Volume 123, Issue 7, Page(s) 886–904

Abstract: Aging and diabetes mellitus are 2 well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). During the past 50 years, there has been an dramatic increase in life expectancy with a simultaneous increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the older ... ...

Abstract	Aging and diabetes mellitus are 2 well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). During the past 50 years, there has been an dramatic increase in life expectancy with a simultaneous increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the older population. This large number of older individuals with diabetes mellitus is problematic given that CVD risk associated with aging and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize epidemiological data relating to diabetes mellitus and CVD, with an emphasis on the aging population. We then present data on hyperglycemia as a risk factor for CVD and review the current knowledge of age-related changes in glucose metabolism. Next, we review the role of obesity in the pathogenesis of age-related glucose dysregulation, followed by a summary of the results from major randomized controlled trials that focus on cardiovascular risk reduction through glycemic control, with a special emphasis on older adults. We then conclude with our proposed model of aging that body composition changes and insulin resistance link possible dysregulation of physiological pathways leading to obesity and diabetes mellitus-both forms of accelerated aging-and risks for CVD.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/physiopathology ; Adiposity ; Age Factors ; Aging/blood ; Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Health Status ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/blood ; Hyperglycemia/epidemiology ; Hyperglycemia/physiopathology ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Models, Biological ; Obesity/blood ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	80100-8
ISSN	1524-4571 ; 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
ISSN (online)	1524-4571
ISSN	0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
DOI	10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.312806
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Article ; Online: Deep learning system to predict the 5-year risk of high myopia using fundus imaging in children.

Foo, Li Lian / Lim, Gilbert Yong San / Lanca, Carla / Wong, Chee Wai / Hoang, Quan V / Zhang, Xiu Juan / Yam, Jason C / Schmetterer, Leopold / Chia, Audrey / Wong, Tien Yin / Ting, Daniel S W / Saw, Seang-Mei / Ang, Marcus

NPJ digital medicine

2023 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 10

Abstract: Our study aims to identify children at risk of developing high myopia for timely assessment and intervention, preventing myopia progression and complications in adulthood through the development of a deep learning system (DLS). Using a school-based ... ...

Abstract	Our study aims to identify children at risk of developing high myopia for timely assessment and intervention, preventing myopia progression and complications in adulthood through the development of a deep learning system (DLS). Using a school-based cohort in Singapore comprising of 998 children (aged 6-12 years old), we train and perform primary validation of the DLS using 7456 baseline fundus images of 1878 eyes; with external validation using an independent test dataset of 821 baseline fundus images of 189 eyes together with clinical data (age, gender, race, parental myopia, and baseline spherical equivalent (SE)). We derive three distinct algorithms - image, clinical and mix (image + clinical) models to predict high myopia development (SE ≤ -6.00 diopter) during teenage years (5 years later, age 11-17). Model performance is evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Our image models (Primary dataset AUC 0.93-0.95; Test dataset 0.91-0.93), clinical models (Primary dataset AUC 0.90-0.97; Test dataset 0.93-0.94) and mixed (image + clinical) models (Primary dataset AUC 0.97; Test dataset 0.97-0.98) achieve clinically acceptable performance. The addition of 1 year SE progression variable has minimal impact on the DLS performance (clinical model AUC 0.98 versus 0.97 in primary dataset, 0.97 versus 0.94 in test dataset; mixed model AUC 0.99 versus 0.97 in primary dataset, 0.95 versus 0.98 in test dataset). Thus, our DLS allows prediction of the development of high myopia by teenage years amongst school-going children. This has potential utility as a clinical-decision support tool to identify "at-risk" children for early intervention.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2398-6352
ISSN (online)	2398-6352
DOI	10.1038/s41746-023-00752-8
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Article ; Online: Incretin therapy and pancreatic pathologies: background pathology versus drug-induced pathology in rats.

Egan, Josephine M / Chia, Chee W

Diabetes

2014 Volume 63, Issue 4, Page(s) 1174–1178

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/agonists ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/therapeutic use ; Pancreas/drug effects ; Pancreatic Diseases/etiology
Chemical Substances	Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (89750-14-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80085-5
ISSN	1939-327X ; 0012-1797
ISSN (online)	1939-327X
ISSN	0012-1797
DOI	10.2337/db13-1909
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