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Article: A randomized trial evaluating the utility of non-targeted biopsies for colorectal neoplasia detection in adults with inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study protocol.

Murthy, Sanjay K / Marderfeld, Luba / Fergusson, Dean / Ramsay, Tim / Bernstein, Charles N / Nguyen, Geoffrey C / Jairath, Vipul / Riddell, Robert

Pilot and feasibility studies

2024 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 20

Abstract: Background: Persons with inflammatory bowel diseases are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and require frequent colonoscopy surveillance. Guidelines recommend taking 30 to 40 non-targeted biopsies throughout the colorectum to detect " ... ...

Abstract	Background: Persons with inflammatory bowel diseases are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and require frequent colonoscopy surveillance. Guidelines recommend taking 30 to 40 non-targeted biopsies throughout the colorectum to detect "invisible" neoplasia in this setting, despite a lack of evidence supporting this practice. We sought to assess the utility of this practice through a randomized controlled trial. We first propose an internal pilot study to assess recruitment potential, protocol adherence and data capture to guide the full trial. Methods: We have designed a multi-centre, parallel-group, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial to test the utility of non-targeted biopsies as an adjunct to colonoscopy surveillance for neoplasia detection in persons with inflammatory bowel disease involving the colorectum in routine clinical practice. Participants are randomized 1:1, stratified by study site, to either standard of care high-definition white-light colonoscopy with 32 to 40 non-targeted biopsies of non-neoplastic-appearing mucosa along with a sampling of abnormal-appearing mucosa (control group) or modified colonoscopy with targeted sampling alone (intervention group). The primary outcome for the full trial will be the proportion of persons with ≥ 1 neoplastic focus detected during colonoscopy. For the pilot phase, we will assess the feasibility of recruiting a minimum of 15% of the estimated sample size within 1 year, under identical conditions as the full trial, while maintaining ≥ 90-95% rate of protocol adherence and data capture. These participants will contribute data to the full trial. The trial is being conducted at 12 centres across Canada, with a total sample size of 1952 persons. Discussions: The trial protocol has been approved by the ethics committees of all participating sites, and the pilot study has received funding through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT 159607). If feasibility metrics are met during the pilot phase, we will complete the full trial. The trial outcomes will contribute to update the practice guidelines in this area. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04067778.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2809935-7
ISSN	2055-5784
ISSN	2055-5784
DOI	10.1186/s40814-023-01434-8
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Article ; Online: Hispanic Ethnicity and Fertility Outcomes.

Langston, Devon M / Fendereski, Kiarad / Halpern, Joshua / Ika, Ijeoma N / Aston, Kenneth / Ramsay, Joemy M / Horns, Joshua J / Hotaling, James

Urology

2024

Abstract: Objective: To assess the association between ethnicity and fertility outcomes for men in a statewide cohort.: Design: We linked data from the Utah Population Database (UPDB) and Subfertility Health Assisted Reproduction and Environment (SHARE) ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the association between ethnicity and fertility outcomes for men in a statewide cohort. Design: We linked data from the Utah Population Database (UPDB) and Subfertility Health Assisted Reproduction and Environment (SHARE) database, to comprise a cohort of sub-fertile men who underwent semen analysis (SA) between 1998-2017 in Utah. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to understand the impact of ethnicity on fertility outcomes in our cohort. Results: 11,363 men were included. 1,039 (9.1%) were Hispanic. 39.7% of men in the lowest socioeconomic status group (SES) were Hispanic (p<0.001). When controlling for demographic and clinical factors, the number of live births was reduced for Hispanic men (HR=0.62 [0.57-0.67], p<0.001). Though fertility treatment (FT) had a positive effect (HR 1.242 [1.085-1.421], p<0.001), in competing risks models, Hispanic men were less likely to use FT (HR=0.633 [0.526-0.762], p<0.001). Conclusion: Hispanic ethnicity is significantly associated with a lower likelihood of successful fertility outcomes in Utah. Hispanic men had nearly a 40% reduced likelihood of live births when controlling for sociodemographic factors. Our results indicate that, depending on age, Hispanic men have up to approximately 14 fewer live births per 100 men per year, pointing to a significant disparity in fertility outcomes in the state of Utah. Given 15.1% of Utah's population identifies as Hispanic and 18.7% of the United States population identifies as Hispanic on the 2020 Census, better understanding of the association of ethnicity and fertility outcomes is imperative.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	192062-5
ISSN	1527-9995 ; 0090-4295
ISSN (online)	1527-9995
ISSN	0090-4295
DOI	10.1016/j.urology.2024.03.040
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Article ; Online: Inclusion of non-medical interventions in model-based economic evaluations for tuberculosis: A scoping review.

Ramsay, Lauren C / Marina Richardson / Miranda, Rafael N / Hassan, Marian / Brode, Sarah K / Rea, Elizabeth / Sander, Beate

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) e0290710

Abstract: Background: The economic evaluation of health interventions is important in priority setting. Several guidance documents exist to support the conduct of economic evaluations, however, there is limited guidance for the evaluation of non-medical ... ...

Abstract	Background: The economic evaluation of health interventions is important in priority setting. Several guidance documents exist to support the conduct of economic evaluations, however, there is limited guidance for the evaluation of non-medical interventions. For tuberculosis (TB), where equity-deserving groups are disproportionately impacted, assessing interventions aimed at addressing social risk factors is necessary to effectively reduce TB burden. Objective: This scoping review seeks to assess the existing literature on model-based economic evaluations of TB interventions to gauge the extent to which non-medical interventions have been evaluated in low-TB-incidence jurisdictions. As a secondary objective, this review aims to characterize key features of existing economic evaluations of medical and non-medical interventions. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the grey literature and MEDLINE, Embase, EconLit, and PsychINFO databases to September 6, 2022 following the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Eligible articles were those that used decision-analytic modeling for economic evaluation of TB interventions in low-TB-incidence jurisdictions. Results: This review identified 127 studies that met the inclusion criteria; 11 focused on prevention, 73 on detection, and 43 on treatment of TB. Only three studies (2%) evaluated non-medical interventions, including smoking reduction strategies, improving housing conditions, and providing food vouchers. All three non-medical intervention evaluations incorporated TB transmission and robust uncertainty analysis into the evaluation. The remainder of the studies evaluated direct medical interventions, eight of which were focused on specific implementation components (e.g., video observed therapy) which shared similar methodological challenges as the non-medical interventions. The majority of remaining evaluated medical interventions were focused on comparing various screening programs (e.g., immigrant screening program) and treatment regimens. Conclusions: This scoping review identified a gap in literature in the evaluation of non-medical TB interventions. However, the identified articles provided useful examples of how economic modeling can be used to explore non-traditional interventions using existing economic evaluation methods.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control ; Databases, Factual ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Food
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0290710
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Article ; Online: Acute Abortive Therapies for Seizure Clusters in Long-Term Care.

Ramsay, R Eugene / Becker, Danielle A / Vazquez, Blanca / Birnbaum, Angela K / Misra, Sunita N / Carrazana, Enrique / Rabinowicz, Adrian L

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

2023 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 1225–1232

Abstract: Objectives: To describe acute seizure treatment for the long-term care setting, emphasizing rescue (acute abortive) medications for on-site management of acute unexpected seizures and seizure clusters.: Design: Narrative review.: Setting and ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To describe acute seizure treatment for the long-term care setting, emphasizing rescue (acute abortive) medications for on-site management of acute unexpected seizures and seizure clusters. Design: Narrative review. Setting and participants: People with seizures in long-term care, including group residences. Methods: PubMed was searched using keywords that pertained to rescue medications, seizure emergencies/epilepsy, seizure action plans, and long-term care. Results: Seizure disorder, including epilepsy, is prevalent in long-term care residences, and rescue medications can be used for on-site treatment. Diazepam rectal gel, intranasal midazolam, and diazepam nasal spray are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved seizure-cluster rescue medications, and intravenous diazepam and lorazepam are approved for status epilepticus. Benzodiazepines differ by formulation, route of administration, absorption, and metabolism. Intranasal formulations are easy and ideal for public use and when rectal treatment is challenging (eg, wheelchair). Intranasal, intrabuccal, and rectal formulations do not require specialized training to administer and are easier for staff at all levels of training compared with intravenous treatment. Off-label rescue medications may have anecdotal support; however, potential disadvantages include variable absorption and onset of action as well as potential risks to patients and caregivers or care partners. Delivery of intravenous-administered rescue medications is delayed by the time needed to set up and deliver the medication and is subject to dosing errors. Seizure action plans that include management of acute seizures can optimize the quality and timing of treatment, which may reduce emergency service needs and prevent progression to status epilepticus. Conclusions and implications: Seizure disorder is prevalent across all ages but is increased in older adults and in those with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Prompt intervention may reduce negative outcomes associated with acute unexpected seizures and seizure clusters. Seizure action plans that include acute seizures can improve the treatment response by detailing the necessary information for staff to provide immediate treatment.
MeSH term(s)	United States ; Humans ; Aged ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Long-Term Care ; Diazepam/therapeutic use ; Status Epilepticus/drug therapy ; Epilepsy/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anticonvulsants ; Diazepam (Q3JTX2Q7TU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2171030-2
ISSN	1538-9375 ; 1525-8610
ISSN (online)	1538-9375
ISSN	1525-8610
DOI	10.1016/j.jamda.2023.04.015
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Article ; Online: Immunomodulatory Drugs for the Treatment of B Cell Malignancies.

Ioannou, Nikolaos / Jain, Khushi / Ramsay, Alan G

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 16

Abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is involved in disease progression and drug resistance in B cell malignancies, by supporting tumor growth and facilitating the ability of malignant cells to avoid immune recognition. ... ...

Abstract	Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is involved in disease progression and drug resistance in B cell malignancies, by supporting tumor growth and facilitating the ability of malignant cells to avoid immune recognition. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) such as lenalidomide have some direct anti-tumor activity, but critically also target various cellular compartments of the TME including T cells, NK cells, and stromal cells, which interfere with pro-tumor signaling while activating anti-tumor immune responses. Lenalidomide has delivered favorable clinical outcomes as a single-agent, and in combination therapy leads to durable responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and several non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) including follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Recently, avadomide, a next generation cereblon E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD), has shown potent anti-tumor and TME immunomodulatory effects, as well as promising clinical efficacy in DLBCL. This review describes how the pleiotropic effects of IMiDs and CELMoDs could make them excellent candidates for combination therapy in the immuno-oncology era-a concept supported by preclinical data, as well as the recent approval of lenalidomide in combination with rituximab for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) FL.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology ; Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Neoplasm Proteins/immunology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/immunology
Chemical Substances	Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Antineoplastic Agents ; CRBN protein, human ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Immunologic Factors ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22168572
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Article ; Online: Diverticulitis Familiality: A Statewide Case-Control Study.

Cohan, Jessica N / Horns, Joshua J / Ramsay, Joemy M / Huang, Lyen C / Allen-Brady, Kristina

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

2023 Volume 237, Issue 5, Page(s) 689–696

Abstract: Background: The etiology of diverticulitis is multifactorial and poorly understood. We estimated the familiality of diverticulitis using the Utah Population Database, a statewide database linking medical records with genealogy data.: Study design: We ...

Abstract	Background: The etiology of diverticulitis is multifactorial and poorly understood. We estimated the familiality of diverticulitis using the Utah Population Database, a statewide database linking medical records with genealogy data. Study design: We identified patients with diverticulitis diagnosed between 1998 and 2018 and age- and sex-matched controls in the Utah Population Database. Risk of diverticulitis in family members of patients and controls was calculated using multivariable Poisson models. We performed exploratory analyses to determine the association of familial diverticulitis with severity of disease and age of onset. Results: The study population included 9,563 diverticulitis patients (with 229,647 relatives) and 10,588 controls (with 265,693 relatives). Relatives of patients were more likely to develop diverticulitis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.5, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.6) compared with relatives of controls. There was an elevated risk of diverticulitis among first-degree (IRR 2.6, 95% CI 2.3 to 3.0), second-degree (IRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.6), and third-degree relatives of patients (IRR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.4). Complicated diverticulitis was more common among relatives of patients compared with relatives of controls (IRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.8). Age at diverticulitis diagnosis was similar between groups (relatives of patients 0.2 years older than relatives of controls, 95% CI -0.5 to 0.9). Conclusions: Our results indicate that the first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of diverticulitis patients are at elevated risk of developing diverticulitis. This information may aid surgeons in counseling patients and family members about diverticulitis risk and can inform the development of future risk-stratification tools. Further work is needed to clarify the causal role and relative contribution of various genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors in the development of diverticulitis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Infant ; Case-Control Studies ; Family ; Incidence ; Diverticulitis/etiology ; Diverticulitis/genetics ; Utah/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1181115-8
ISSN	1879-1190 ; 1072-7515
ISSN (online)	1879-1190
ISSN	1072-7515
DOI	10.1097/XCS.0000000000000799
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Article ; Online: Enteroendocrine peptides, growth, and the microbiome during the porcine weaning transition.

Ramsay, T G / Arfken, A M / Summers, K L

Animal microbiome

2022 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 56

Abstract: ... number of correlations (n = 25) between the relative abundance differences in taxa over time and ...

Abstract	Background: Growth rate in pigs can be affected by numerous factors that also affect feeding behavior and the microbiome. Recent studies report some communication between the microbiome and the enteroendocrine system. The present study examined if changes in the piglet microbiome between birth and during the weaning transition can be correlated either positively or negatively with growth rate and plasma concentrations of enteroendocrine peptides. Results: During the post-weaning transition, a 49% reduction in average daily gain was observed at day 24 (P < 0.05) relative to day 21. Pigs recovered by day 28 with body weight and average daily gain increases of 17% and 175%, respectively relative to day 24 and the highest rate of gain was measured at day 35 (462 g/day). The time interval between day 21-24 had the highest number of correlations (n = 25) between the relative abundance differences in taxa over time and corresponding percent weight gain. Amplicon sequence variants with the greatest correlation with percent weight gain between day 21-24 belonged to families Prevotellaceae NK3B31 (ρ = 0.65, P < 0.001), Veillonellaceae (ρ = 0.63, P < 0.001) and Rikenellaceae RC9 (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001). Seven taxa were positively correlated with percent weight gain between day 24-28. Eight taxa were positively correlated with percent weight gain between day 28-35, of which four were Clostridia. Only Lactobacillus reuteri was positively correlated across both day 24-28 and day 28-35 analyses. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; R2 = 0.61, P < 0.001), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; R2 = 0.20, P < 0.001), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1; R2 = 0.51, P < 0.001), and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2; R2 = 0.21, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the piglet fecal community NMDS, while serotonin showed no significant association (R2 = 0.03, P = 0.15). Higher concentrations of GLP-1 and GLP-2 characterized day 1 fecal communities, while GIP levels had the strongest relationship primarily with samples ordinated with the day 21 cluster. Conclusions: Demonstration of an association of certain taxa with individual gut peptides at specific ages suggests the potential for the microbiome to elicit changes in the gut enteroendocrine system during early postnatal development in the pig.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2524-4671
ISSN (online)	2524-4671
DOI	10.1186/s42523-022-00206-8
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Article ; Online: Reducing opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain in primary care using an evidence-based, theory-informed, multistrategic, multistakeholder approach: a single-arm time series with segmented regression.

Moffat, Anna K / Apajee, Jemisha / Le Blanc, Vanessa T / Westaway, Kerrie / Andrade, Andre Q / Ramsay, Emmae N / Blacker, Natalie / Pratt, Nicole L / Roughead, Elizabeth Ellen

BMJ quality & safety

2023 Volume 32, Issue 11, Page(s) 623–631

Abstract: Background: Many countries have high opioid use among people with chronic non-cancer pain. Knowledge about effective interventions that could be implemented at scale is limited. We designed a national intervention that included audit and feedback, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many countries have high opioid use among people with chronic non-cancer pain. Knowledge about effective interventions that could be implemented at scale is limited. We designed a national intervention that included audit and feedback, deprescribing guidance, information on catastrophising assessment, pain neuroscience education and a cognitive tool for use by patients with their healthcare providers. Method: We used a single-arm time series with segmented regression to assess rates of people using opioids before (January 2015 to September 2017), at the time of (October 2017) and after the intervention (November 2017 to August 2019). We used a cohort with historical comparison group and log binomial regression to examine the rate of psychologist claims in opioid users not using psychologist services prior to the intervention. Results: 13 968 patients using opioids, 8568 general practitioners, 8370 pharmacies and accredited pharmacists and 689 psychologists were targeted. The estimated difference in opioid use was -0.51 persons per 1000 persons per month (95% CI -0.69, -0.34; p<0.001) as a result of the intervention, equating to 25 387 (95% CI 24 676, 26 131) patient-months of opioid use avoided during the 22-month follow-up. The targeted group had a significantly higher rate of incident patient psychologist claims compared with the historical comparison group (rate ratio: 1.37, 95% CI 1.16, 1.63; p<0.001), equating to an additional 690 (95% CI 289, 1167) patient-months of psychologist treatment during the 22-month follow-up. Conclusions: Our intervention addressed the cognitive, affective and sensory factors that contribute to pain and consequent opioid use, demonstrating it could be implemented at scale and was associated with a reduction in opioid use and increasing utilisation of psychologist services.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Chronic Pain/drug therapy ; Time Factors ; Primary Health Care
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2592909-4
ISSN	2044-5423 ; 2044-5415
ISSN (online)	2044-5423
ISSN	2044-5415
DOI	10.1136/bmjqs-2022-015716
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Article ; Online: A single blinded, phase IV, adaptive randomised control trial to evaluate the safety of coadministration of seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines (The FluVID study).

Ramsay, J A / Jones, M / Vande More, A M / Hunt, S L / Williams, P C M / Messer, M / Wood, N / Macartney, K / Lee, F J / Britton, W J / Snelling, T L / Caterson, I D

Vaccine

2023 Volume 41, Issue 48, Page(s) 7250–7258

Abstract: Objectives: We evaluated the frequency of moderate and severe adverse events following coadministration of seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) versus placebo with COVID-19 vaccines among adults to support practice guidelines.: Methods: FluVID is a ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: We evaluated the frequency of moderate and severe adverse events following coadministration of seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) versus placebo with COVID-19 vaccines among adults to support practice guidelines. Methods: FluVID is a participant-blinded, phase IV, randomised control trial. On the same day as the participant's scheduled COVID-19 vaccine, participants were randomised to receive SIV or saline placebo; those assigned placebo at visit one then received SIV a week later, and vice versa. Self-reported adverse events were collected daily for seven days following each visit. The primary endpoint was any solicited adverse event of at least moderate severity occurring up to seven days following receipt of SIV or placebo. This was modelled using a Bayesian logistic regression model. Analyses were performed by COVID-19 vaccine type and dose number. Results: Overall, 248 participants were enrolled; of these, 195 had received BNT162b2 and 53 had received mRNA1273 COVID-19 vaccines according to national guidelines. After randomisation, 119 were assigned to receive SIV and 129 were assigned to receive placebo at visit one. Adverse events were most frequently reported as mild (grade 1) in nature. Among 142 BNT162b2 booster dose one and 43 BNT162b2 booster dose two recipients, the posterior median risk difference for moderate/severe adverse events following SIV versus placebo was 13% (95% credible interval [CrI] -0.03 to 0.27) and 13% (95%CrI -0.37 to 0.12), respectively. Among 18 mRNA1273 booster dose one and 35 mRNA1273 booster dose two recipients, the posterior median risk difference of moderate/severe adverse events following influenza vaccine versus placebo was 6% (95%CrI -0.29 to 0.41) and -4% (95%CrI -0.30 to 0.23), respectively. Conclusion: Adverse events following SIV and COVID-19 co-administration were generally mild and occurred with similar frequency to events following COVID-19 vaccine alone. We found no evidence to justify routine separation of SIV and COVID-19 vaccine doses. Clinical trial registration: ACTRN12621001063808.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; BNT162 Vaccine ; Bayes Theorem ; Seasons ; Double-Blind Method
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Influenza Vaccines ; BNT162 Vaccine
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Clinical Trial, Phase IV ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.050
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Article ; Online: Mathematics for medical practitioners and patients: Understanding how vaccines work for the community.

Ramsay, Niamh / Sidhu, Harvinder / Waters, Edward K

Australian journal of general practice

2020 Volume 49, Issue 5, Page(s) 293–294

MeSH term(s)	Evidence-Based Practice/instrumentation ; Evidence-Based Practice/methods ; Humans ; Information Dissemination/methods ; Mathematics/methods ; Mathematics/trends ; Patients/psychology ; Physicians/standards ; Physicians/trends ; Public Health/instrumentation ; Public Health/methods ; Vaccines/standards ; Vaccines/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-06
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2924889-9
ISSN	2208-7958 ; 2208-794X
ISSN (online)	2208-7958
ISSN	2208-794X
DOI	10.31128/AJGP-08-19-5038
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