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Article: Accidental paradiplomats? The curious case of Ontario school board budgets and Canadian soft power projection.

Murphy, Michael P A

2024 Volume 79, Issue 1, Page(s) 96–110

Abstract: From the earliest studies of soft power in International Relations, the importance of educational exchanges has been well-established. Studies of international education in the context of Canadian soft power often draw on cases from the higher education ... ...

Abstract	From the earliest studies of soft power in International Relations, the importance of educational exchanges has been well-established. Studies of international education in the context of Canadian soft power often draw on cases from the higher education sector. This article argues that greater attention should be paid to the K-12 level, especially as budgetary pressures in Ontario's education system are leading school boards to rapidly expand their international student recruitment efforts. Although this is not an example of intentional soft power projection, it nevertheless represents an important reminder that subnational actors may accidentally become paradiplomats whose actions have consequences on the international level. Further, this case reveals the importance of paying attention to actors typically overlooked by IR scholarship. Drawing on Joseph Nye's theory of soft power and in conversation with prior research on international education as a mechanism of soft power projection, this article traces the thread between budgetary pressures in Ontario school boards and the broader context of soft power projection.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2254714-9
ISSN	2052-465X ; 0020-7020
ISSN (online)	2052-465X
ISSN	0020-7020
DOI	10.1177/00207020241232989
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Article ; Online: The "UFO Taboo" Is What IR Theorists Make of It: "Sovereignty and the UFO" in Citational Perspective.

Murphy, Michael P A

Alternatives (Boulder, Colo.)

2023 Volume 49, Issue 1, Page(s) 24–44

Abstract: In 2008, Alexander Wendt and Raymond Duvall published an article titled "Sovereignty and the UFO," which demonstrated how a UFO taboo in international relations theory upheld an anthropocentric model of sovereignty. At a distance of a decade and a half, ... ...

Abstract	In 2008, Alexander Wendt and Raymond Duvall published an article titled "Sovereignty and the UFO," which demonstrated how a UFO taboo in international relations theory upheld an anthropocentric model of sovereignty. At a distance of a decade and a half, this review evaluates the validity of the claim that a UFO taboo exists in international relations, and explores the citational practices that influence the prestige economy of the field. The article employs a methodology of interpretive scientometrics informed by methodological debates in political science and international, as well as theoretical debates in actor-network theory. After testing the claim of the UFO taboo in a comparative perspective, the article investigates the strategies of association (weak and strong) present in the citations of "Sovereignty and the UFO." In addition to a revaluation of core claims in an often-read but less-often-cited article in international relations theory, this article provides important insights into how citation works in the discipline of international relations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2095241-7
ISSN	2163-3150 ; 0304-3754
ISSN (online)	2163-3150
ISSN	0304-3754
DOI	10.1177/03043754231219831
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Article: Dysphagia Lusoria Because of Congenital Double Aortic Arch.

Meyers, Michael P / Murphy, Christopher John

ACG case reports journal

2022 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) e00809

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2814825-3
ISSN	2326-3253
ISSN	2326-3253
DOI	10.14309/crj.0000000000000809
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Article ; Online: A break in mitochondrial endosymbiosis as a basis for inflammatory diseases.

Murphy, Michael P / O'Neill, Luke A J

Nature

2024 Volume 626, Issue 7998, Page(s) 271–279

Abstract: Mitochondria retain bacterial traits due to their endosymbiotic origin, but host cells do not recognize them as foreign because the organelles are sequestered. However, the regulated release of mitochondrial factors into the cytosol can trigger cell ... ...

Abstract	Mitochondria retain bacterial traits due to their endosymbiotic origin, but host cells do not recognize them as foreign because the organelles are sequestered. However, the regulated release of mitochondrial factors into the cytosol can trigger cell death, innate immunity and inflammation. This selective breakdown in the 2-billion-year-old endosymbiotic relationship enables mitochondria to act as intracellular signalling hubs. Mitochondrial signals include proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, metabolites and reactive oxygen species, which have many modes of release from mitochondria, and of decoding in the cytosol and nucleus. Because these mitochondrial signals probably contribute to the homeostatic role of inflammation, dysregulation of these processes may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. A potential reason for the increased incidence of these diseases may be changes in mitochondrial function and signalling in response to such recent phenomena as obesity, dietary changes and other environmental factors. Focusing on the mixed heritage of mitochondria therefore leads to predictions for future insights, research paths and therapeutic opportunities. Thus, whereas mitochondria can be considered 'the enemy within' the cell, evolution has used this strained relationship in intriguing ways, with increasing evidence pointing to the recent failure of endosymbiosis being critical for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Autoimmune Diseases/etiology ; Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism ; Autoimmune Diseases/pathology ; Diet/adverse effects ; Homeostasis ; Inflammation/etiology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Inflammation/pathology ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondria/pathology ; Mitochondria/physiology ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Nucleic Acids/metabolism ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/pathology ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Symbiosis/physiology ; Animals
Chemical Substances	Mitochondrial Proteins ; Nucleic Acids ; Phospholipids ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-023-06866-z
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Article ; Online: mtDNA mutations help support cancer cells.

Prag, Hiran A / Murphy, Michael P

Nature cancer

2022 Volume 1, Issue 10, Page(s) 941–942

MeSH term(s)	DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Mitochondrial
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ISSN	2662-1347
ISSN (online)	2662-1347
DOI	10.1038/s43018-020-00128-x
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Article ; Online: Machine learning in the assessment and management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding.

Nigam, Gaurav Bhaskar / Murphy, Michael F / Travis, Simon P L / Stanley, Adrian J

BMJ medicine

2024 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) e000699

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2754-0413
ISSN (online)	2754-0413
DOI	10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000699
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Article ; Online: Why succinate? Physiological regulation by a mitochondrial coenzyme Q sentinel.

Murphy, Michael P / Chouchani, Edward T

Nature chemical biology

2022 Volume 18, Issue 5, Page(s) 461–469

Abstract: Metabolites once considered solely in catabolism or anabolism turn out to have key regulatory functions. Among these, the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate stands out owing to its multiple roles in disparate pathways, its dramatic concentration ... ...

Abstract	Metabolites once considered solely in catabolism or anabolism turn out to have key regulatory functions. Among these, the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate stands out owing to its multiple roles in disparate pathways, its dramatic concentration changes and its selective cell release. Here we propose that succinate has evolved as a signaling modality because its concentration reflects the coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool redox state, a central redox couple confined to the mitochondrial inner membrane. This connection is of general importance because CoQ redox state integrates three bioenergetic parameters: mitochondrial electron supply, oxygen tension and ATP demand. Succinate, by equilibrating with the CoQ pool, enables the status of this central bioenergetic parameter to be communicated from mitochondria to the rest of the cell, into the circulation and to other cells. The logic of this form of regulation explains many emerging roles of succinate in biology, and suggests future research questions.
MeSH term(s)	Energy Metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Succinic Acid/metabolism ; Ubiquinone/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Ubiquinone (1339-63-5) ; Succinic Acid (AB6MNQ6J6L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2202962-X
ISSN	1552-4469 ; 1552-4450
ISSN (online)	1552-4469
ISSN	1552-4450
DOI	10.1038/s41589-022-01004-8
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Zs.MG 90: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Uncovering the source of mitochondrial superoxide in pro-inflammatory macrophages: Insights from immunometabolism.

Casey, Alva M / Murphy, Michael P

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease

2022 Volume 1868, Issue 10, Page(s) 166481

Abstract: Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species are important as antimicrobial agents and redox signals in pro-inflammatory macrophages. Macrophages produce superoxide in response to the TLR4 ligand LPS. However, the mechanism of LPS-induced superoxide ... ...

Abstract	Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species are important as antimicrobial agents and redox signals in pro-inflammatory macrophages. Macrophages produce superoxide in response to the TLR4 ligand LPS. However, the mechanism of LPS-induced superoxide generation is not fully understood. Superoxide is produced at complex I and complex III of the electron transport chain. Production of superoxide at either of these sites is highly dependent on the metabolic state of the cell which is dramatically altered by TLR4-induced metabolic reprogramming. This review will outline how metabolism impacts superoxide production in LPS-activated macrophages downstream of TLR4 signalling and address outstanding questions in this field.
MeSH term(s)	Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharides ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; Superoxides (11062-77-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	60-7
ISSN	1879-260X ; 1879-2596 ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650 ; 0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
ISSN (online)	1879-260X ; 1879-2596 ; 1872-8006 ; 1879-2642 ; 1879-2618 ; 1879-2650
ISSN	0006-3002 ; 0005-2728 ; 0005-2736 ; 0304-4165 ; 0167-4838 ; 1388-1981 ; 0167-4889 ; 0167-4781 ; 0304-419X ; 1570-9639 ; 0925-4439 ; 1874-9399
DOI	10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166481
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Article ; Online: Inpatient Hospital Costs, Emergency Department Visits, and Readmissions for Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Murphy, Michael P / Boubekri, Amir M / Eikani, Carlo K / Brown, Nicholas M

The Journal of arthroplasty

2024

Abstract: ... a significant predictor of ED readmission for THA patients (multivariable OR [odds ratio]: 3.473, P = 0.001 ... patients (OR: 0.368, P = 0.014). In terms of ED visits, liver disease increased the odds for THA patients ... OR: 1.845, P = 0.100), and aseptic loosening, osteolysis, or instability decreased the odds for TKA ...

Abstract	Background: Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) tremendously burden hospital resources. This study evaluated factors influencing perioperative costs, including emergency department (ED) visits, readmissions, and total costs-of-care within 90 days following revision surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 772 revision TKAs and THAs performed on 630 subjects at a single center between January 2007 and December 2019 was conducted. Cost data was available from January 2015 to December 2019 for 277 patients. Factors examined included comorbidities, demographic information, pre-operative Anesthesia Society of Anesthesiologists score, implant selection, and operative indication using mixed-effects linear regression models. Results: Among 772 revisions (425 THA and 347 TKA), 213 patients required an ED visit, and 90 required hospital readmission within 90 days. There were 22.6% of patients who underwent a second procedure after their initial revision. Liver disease was a significant predictor of ED readmission for THA patients (multivariable OR [odds ratio]: 3.473, P = 0.001), while aseptic loosening, osteolysis, or instability significantly reduced the odds of readmission for TKA patients (OR: 0.368, P = 0.014). In terms of ED visits, liver disease increased the odds for THA patients (OR: 1.845, P = 0.100), and aseptic loosening, osteolysis, or instability decreased the odds for TKA patients (OR: 0.223, P < 0.001). Increased age was associated with increased costs in both THA and TKA patients, with significant cost factors including congestive heart failure for TKA patients (OR: $7,308.17, P = 0.004) and kidney disease for THA patients. Revision surgeries took longer than primary ones, with TKA averaging 3.0 hours (1.6 times longer) and THA 2.8 hours (1.5 times longer). Conclusion: Liver disease increases ED readmission risk in revision THA, while aseptic loosening, osteolysis, or instability decreases it in revision TKA. Increased age and CHF are associated with increased costs. These findings inform postoperative care and resource allocation in revision arthroplasty.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632770-9
ISSN	1532-8406 ; 0883-5403
ISSN (online)	1532-8406
ISSN	0883-5403
DOI	10.1016/j.arth.2024.04.032
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Article ; Online: Outcomes following tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using a solid posterior offset intramedullary nail in 44 patients with a minimum 30-month follow-up.

Feeney, Kaylem M / Murphy, Evelyn P / Curran, Michael G / Kearns, Stephen R

Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons

2024

Abstract: ... significantly from a mean of 6.5 preoperatively to a mean of 0.98 at final follow-up (P = <0.0001). AOFAS score ... improved significantly from a mean of 36.4 preoperatively to a mean of 73 at final follow-up (P = <0.0001 ... up (P = <0.0001). The mean change in frontal plane alignment was 5.7 degrees (P = 0.005). A total ...

Abstract	Background: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is frequently performed by foot and ankle surgeons in the management of complex ankle and hindfoot pathology. In this study, the authors describe the clinical and radiological outcomes of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using a solid posterior offset hindfoot arthrodesis nail. Methods: Forty-four consecutive patients underwent tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis by a single surgeon operating in two centers. Clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 6-month, 12-month and final follow-up (mean 47 months). Clinical outcomes were assessed with VAS, AOFAS and MOXFQ scores. Serial radiographs were used to assess union at each follow-up visit. Results: Forty-four patients attended 12-month and final follow-up (mean 47 months). A total of 44 (100%) ankle joints and 44 (100%) subtalar joints were completely united at 12-month follow-up. The VAS score improved significantly from a mean of 6.5 preoperatively to a mean of 0.98 at final follow-up (P = <0.0001). AOFAS score improved significantly from a mean of 36.4 preoperatively to a mean of 73 at final follow-up (P = <0.0001). MOXFQ score improved significantly from a mean of 44.5 preoperatively to a mean of 12.7 at final follow-up (P = <0.0001). The mean change in frontal plane alignment was 5.7 degrees (P = 0.005). A total of 6 patients (13.6%) had an adverse event during the course of the study. Conclusions: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a solid posterior offset hindfoot arthrodesis nail is a safe and effective surgical option for patients with severe ankle and hindfoot pathology. It has a high union rate, low complication rate and significantly improves clinical outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1424533-4
ISSN	1460-9584 ; 1268-7731
ISSN (online)	1460-9584
ISSN	1268-7731
DOI	10.1016/j.fas.2024.01.007
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