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Article ; Online: High Seedling Mortality of Scots Pine Caused by Heterobasidion annosum s.s.

Tuula Piri / Eeva J. Vainio / Heikki Nuorteva / Jarkko Hantula

Forests, Vol 12, Iss 1289, p

2021 Volume 1289

Abstract: ... planting and during a nine-year monitoring period; nearly 600 seedlings were killed by H. annosum s.s ... in 48 individual disease centers. Based on pairing tests of 482 isolates, 117 different H. annosum s.s ... annosum s.s. produced perennial fruiting bodies thus providing air-borne inoculum. The risk of spore ...

Abstract	This study provides new information on the infection biology and pathogenicity of an important root-rot fungus, Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto (Fr.) Bref., through a detailed examination of the vegetative spread of clonal individuals and their capacity to produce fruiting bodies on young pine seedlings. The seedlings were planted in a clear-cutting area (c. 1.2 ha in size) after a pine generation that showed slight external symptoms of Heterobasidion root rot. The first dead seedlings were found five years after planting and during a nine-year monitoring period; nearly 600 seedlings were killed by H. annosum s.s. in 48 individual disease centers. Based on pairing tests of 482 isolates, 117 different H. annosum s.s. genotypes were identified. On average, 2.9 genotypes occurred in a single disease center. The extensive secondary spread of genotypes within root systems (up to 48 pine seedlings infected by the same genotype) resulted in annually expanding disease centers. In addition, more than half of the seedlings killed by H. annosum s.s. produced perennial fruiting bodies thus providing air-borne inoculum. The risk of spore infection should be taken into account in any type of cutting operation in young pine stands. Moreover, new control measures directed towards the secondary spread of H. annosum s.s. in pine regeneration are urgently needed in order to maintain the productivity of the pine forest on infested sites.
Keywords	Heterobasidion root rot ; genet ; fruiting body ; Pinus sylvestris ; seedling ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: High Seedling Mortality of Scots Pine Caused by Heterobasidion annosum s.s

Piri, Tuula / Vainio, Eeva J. / Nuorteva, Heikki / Hantula, Jarkko

Forests. 2021 Sept. 19, v. 12, no. 9

2021

Abstract	This study provides new information on the infection biology and pathogenicity of an important root-rot fungus, Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto (Fr.) Bref., through a detailed examination of the vegetative spread of clonal individuals and their capacity to produce fruiting bodies on young pine seedlings. The seedlings were planted in a clear-cutting area (c. 1.2 ha in size) after a pine generation that showed slight external symptoms of Heterobasidion root rot. The first dead seedlings were found five years after planting and during a nine-year monitoring period; nearly 600 seedlings were killed by H. annosum s.s. in 48 individual disease centers. Based on pairing tests of 482 isolates, 117 different H. annosum s.s. genotypes were identified. On average, 2.9 genotypes occurred in a single disease center. The extensive secondary spread of genotypes within root systems (up to 48 pine seedlings infected by the same genotype) resulted in annually expanding disease centers. In addition, more than half of the seedlings killed by H. annosum s.s. produced perennial fruiting bodies thus providing air-borne inoculum. The risk of spore infection should be taken into account in any type of cutting operation in young pine stands. Moreover, new control measures directed towards the secondary spread of H. annosum s.s. in pine regeneration are urgently needed in order to maintain the productivity of the pine forest on infested sites.
Keywords	Heterobasidion annosum ; clearcutting ; coniferous forests ; fungi ; genotype ; inoculum ; mortality ; pathogenicity ; risk ; root rot ; secondary transmission ; seedlings ; spores
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0919
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f12091289
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: HVAC’s Role in the Decarbonisation of the Existing BuildingStock - case Finland

Vainio Terttu / Nippala Eero / Kauppinen Timo

E3S Web of Conferences, Vol 246, p

2021 Volume 13005

Abstract: The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive together with the Energy Efficiency Directive and Renewable Energy Sources Directive define the frame and target state for energy performance of the existing building stock. This should be very energy ... ...

Abstract	The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive together with the Energy Efficiency Directive and Renewable Energy Sources Directive define the frame and target state for energy performance of the existing building stock. This should be very energy efficient and decarbonised by 2050. The Finnish target is more ambitious, to achieve the target state already in 2035. In this paper, we discuss and concretise the role of HVAC in overcoming the challenge. Buildings in the Nordic countries are already very energy efficient. Structural improvements of energy efficiency are relatively expensive and have limited potential for energy saving. The best cost-benefit ratio can be obtained by combining HVAC with dynamic building automation systems. Also the EPBD calls for improvement of building automation systems and related measurements in new as well as existing buildings. The performance of buildings can be verified and deviations can be detected by monitoring-based commissioning during their life cycle. This means that special attention must be paid to the instrumentation level and an improved online reporting system for stakeholders. As a conclusion, we see that HVAC systems are in a key role in decarbonisation of existing buildings and a strategic sector on the way to a carbon-neutral society.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	EDP Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Dialect Identification of Spoken North S\'ami Language Varieties Using Prosodic Features

Kakouros, Sofoklis / Hiovain, Katri / Vainio, Martti / Šimko, Juraj

2020

Abstract: ... information for the identification of spoken North S\'ami language varieties. Dialects are language varieties ... in distinguishing between the five areal varieties of North S\'ami where the inclusion of contextual information ...

Abstract	This work explores the application of various supervised classification approaches using prosodic information for the identification of spoken North S\'ami language varieties. Dialects are language varieties that enclose characteristics specific for a given region or community. These characteristics reflect segmental and suprasegmental (prosodic) differences but also high-level properties such as lexical and morphosyntactic. One aspect that is of particular interest and that has not been studied extensively is how the differences in prosody may underpin the potential differences among different dialects. To address this, this work focuses on investigating the standard acoustic prosodic features of energy, fundamental frequency, spectral tilt, duration, and their combinations, using sequential and context-independent supervised classification methods, and evaluated separately over two different units in speech: words and syllables. The primary aim of this work is to gain a better understanding on the role of prosody in identifying among the different language varieties. Our results show that prosodic information holds an important role in distinguishing between the five areal varieties of North S\'ami where the inclusion of contextual information for all acoustic prosodic features is critical for the identification of dialects for words and syllables.
Keywords	Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Subject code	400
Publishing date	2020-03-23
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Review of the Navigation HCI Research During the 2000’s

Teija Vainio

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp 36-

2010 Volume 42

Abstract: Two of the common problems associated with navigation research in the field of human computer interaction (HCI) systems, are the relatively narrow view that the display is able to provide for a large information space, and the impact that a diversity of ... ...

Abstract	Two of the common problems associated with navigation research in the field of human computer interaction (HCI) systems, are the relatively narrow view that the display is able to provide for a large information space, and the impact that a diversity of contexts has on the users’ divided attention. In recent years, much research has been focused on the development of navigation presentation techniques to address the first problem, and the development of capturing the context with multimodal interaction in order to address the second challenge. However, the growing number of new terminologies and techniques that has been developed has caused considerable confusion for HCI researchers, consequently making the comparison of these techniques and the generalization of empirical results of experiments very difficult, if not impossible. This article provides a taxonomy of current navigation research, which describes clearly the navigation research on desktop and non-desktop environments; it also helps to identify research domains that afford and promote the direction of navigation research. This review reveals gaps where navigation research has identified challenges but has not yet explored them.
Keywords	human ; factors ; navigation ; state ; art ; review ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95 ; Instruments and machines ; QA71-90 ; Mathematics ; QA1-939 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Computer Science ; DOAJ:Technology and Engineering
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universität Kassel
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dental education about patients with special needs: a survey of U.S. and Canadian dental schools.

Krause, Meggan / Vainio, Lauren / Zwetchkenbaum, Samuel / Inglehart, Marita R

Journal of dental education

2010 Volume 74, Issue 11, Page(s) 1179–1189

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to explore how U.S. and Canadian dental schools educate students ... The findings showed that the responding U.S. and Canadian dental schools had a wide range of approaches ...

Abstract	The objectives of this study were to explore how U.S. and Canadian dental schools educate students about special needs patients and which challenges and intentions for curricular changes they perceive. Data were collected from twenty-two dental schools in the United States and Canada with a web-based survey. While 91 percent of the programs covered this topic in their clinical education, only 64 percent offered a separate course about special needs patients. The clinical education varied widely. Thirty-seven percent of the responding schools had a special clinical area in their school for treating these patients. These areas had between three and twenty-two chairs and were funded and staffed quite differently. Most programs covered the treatment of patients with more prevalent impairments such as Down syndrome (91 percent), autism spectrum disorders (91 percent), and motion impairments (86 percent). Written exams were the most common outcome assessments (91 percent), while objective structured clinical examinations (18 percent) and standardized patient experiences (9 percent) were used less frequently. The most commonly reported challenge was curriculum overload (55 percent). The majority (77 percent) planned educational changes over the next three years, with 36 percent of schools planning to increase clinical and 27 percent extramural experiences. The findings showed that the responding U.S. and Canadian dental schools had a wide range of approaches to educating predoctoral students about treating special needs patients. In order to eliminate oral health disparities and access to care issues for these patients, future research should focus on developing best practices for educational efforts in this context.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Canada ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive ; Curriculum ; Dental Care for Aged ; Dental Care for Chronically Ill ; Dental Care for Disabled ; Dental Clinics/classification ; Dental Clinics/economics ; Dental Service, Hospital ; Developmental Disabilities ; Down Syndrome ; Education, Dental ; Faculty, Dental ; Financial Support ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Movement Disorders ; Preceptorship ; Schools, Dental ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Teaching/methods ; Teaching Materials ; Time Factors ; United States ; Vision Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410579-5
ISSN	1930-7837 ; 0022-0337
ISSN (online)	1930-7837
ISSN	0022-0337
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: An outbreak of pneumonia associated with S. pneumoniae at a military training facility in Finland in 2006.

Vainio, Anni / Lyytikäinen, Outi / Sihvonen, Reetta / Kaijalainen, Tarja / Teirilä, Laura / Rantala, Merja / Lehtinen, Pirkko / Ruuska, Pekka / Virolainen, Anni

APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica

2009 Volume 117, Issue 7, Page(s) 488–491

Abstract: ... molecular characteristics of the S. pneumoniae isolates. All pneumococcal isolates were studied ... results. S. pneumoniae serotype 7F, ST2331, seemed to be associated with an outbreak of pneumonia and ... with pneumonia and two (40%) of them were positive for S. pneumoniae serotype 7F, ST2331 by blood culture ...

Abstract	Streptococcus pneumoniae is a well-known cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to assess the cause and extent of the outbreak of pneumonia which occurred among military recruits following a 1-week hard encampment in Finland. We also assessed the carriage rate and molecular characteristics of the S. pneumoniae isolates. All pneumococcal isolates were studied for antibiotic susceptibility, serotyped, genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the presence of pneumococcal rlrA pilus islet was detected. The genotype results defined by MLST corresponded with the serotype results. S. pneumoniae serotype 7F, ST2331, seemed to be associated with an outbreak of pneumonia and nasopharyngeal carriage among 43 military recruits. Of the 43 military recruits, five (12%) were hospitalized with pneumonia and two (40%) of them were positive for S. pneumoniae serotype 7F, ST2331 by blood culture. Eighteen (42%) of the 43 men were found to be positive for S. pneumoniae by nasopharyngeal culture, and nine (50%) of them carried pneumococcal serotype 7F, ST2331. The outbreak strain covered 55% of all the pneumococcal findings. Outbreaks of invasive pneumococcal disease seem to occur in a crowded environment such as a military training facility even among previously healthy young men.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Bacterial/blood ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Disease Outbreaks ; Finland/epidemiology ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Military Personnel ; Nasopharynx/microbiology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/blood ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serotyping ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/genetics ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Bacterial ; DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-07
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	93340-5
ISSN	1600-0463 ; 0903-4641
ISSN (online)	1600-0463
ISSN	0903-4641
DOI	10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02463.x
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Article ; Online: LASTU: A psycholinguistic search tool for Finnish lexical stimuli.

Itkonen, Sami / Häikiö, Tuomo / Vainio, Seppo / Lehtonen, Minna

Behavior research methods

2024

Abstract: LASTU is a tool for searching for Finnish language stimulus words for psycholinguistic studies. The tool allows the user to query a number of properties, including forms, lemmas, frequencies, and morphological features. It also includes two new measures ... ...

Abstract	LASTU is a tool for searching for Finnish language stimulus words for psycholinguistic studies. The tool allows the user to query a number of properties, including forms, lemmas, frequencies, and morphological features. It also includes two new measures for quantifying lemma and form ambiguity. The tool is written in Python and is available for Windows and macOS platforms. It is available at https://osf.io/j8v6b/ . Included with the tool is a database based on a massive corpus of dependency-parsed Finnish language data crawled from the Internet (over 5 billion tokens). While LASTU has been developed for researchers working on the Finnish language, the openly available implementation can also be applied to other languages.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	231560-9
ISSN	1554-3528 ; 0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
ISSN (online)	1554-3528
ISSN	0743-3808 ; 1554-351X
DOI	10.3758/s13428-024-02347-x
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Article: Immunohistochemical localization of glutathione S-transferases in human lung.

Anttila, S / Hirvonen, A / Vainio, H / Husgafvel-Pursiainen, K / Hayes, J D / Ketterer, B

Cancer research

1993 Volume 53, Issue 23, Page(s) 5643–5648

Abstract: Glutathione S-transferases (GST) detoxify a number of carcinogenic electrophiles including diol ...

Abstract	Glutathione S-transferases (GST) detoxify a number of carcinogenic electrophiles including diol-epoxide metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The distribution of GSTs A1/A2, M1, M2, M3, and P1 has been studied in lung tissue from 32 subjects by immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal antibodies. GSTA1/A2 and GSTP1 were found to be the most abundant GSTs in human lung, being present in the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium of all individuals studied. The staining intensity for GSTA1/A2 varied more than that for GSTP1 between individuals. GSTM1, a polymorphic mu-class enzyme, was ambiguously detected in lung tissue and, if expressed, is present at very low levels. GSTM2, a striated muscle-specific isozyme, occurred minimally in the epithelium of the terminal airways, and GSTM3, an enzyme of broad extrahepatic occurrence, was observable in the ciliated airway epithelium and smooth muscle of the lung. The staining for GSTM3 varied from minimal to very intense between individuals; in the bronchial epithelium, it was more abundant in current smokers than in exsmokers. The immunostaining for GSTs in general was most intense in the bronchial epithelium decreasing in the distal airways, in contrast to the previously described peripheral localization of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons activating the P450IA1 enzyme. The localization of GSTs in the bronchial wall suggests that GST polymorphisms may contribute to susceptibility, especially to bronchial tumors of tobacco smokers.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glutathione Transferase/analysis ; Glutathione Transferase/genetics ; Glutathione Transferase/immunology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes/analysis ; Lung/enzymology ; Male ; Middle Aged
Chemical Substances	Isoenzymes ; Glutathione Transferase (EC 2.5.1.18)
Language	English
Publishing date	1993-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1432-1
ISSN	1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
ISSN (online)	1538-7445
ISSN	0008-5472
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Article ; Online: The Dutch questionnaire-based risk assessment upon hospital admission is unable to identify the majority of carriers of multi-drug-resistant micro-organisms.

Vainio, S / Bril, W

The Journal of hospital infection

2021 Volume 115, Page(s) 124–125

MeSH term(s)	Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Risk Assessment ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Pharmaceutical Preparations
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	779366-2
ISSN	1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
ISSN (online)	1532-2939
ISSN	0195-6701
DOI	10.1016/j.jhin.2021.07.001
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