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Article ; Online: Functional MRI research involving healthy children: Ethics, safety and recommended procedures.

Kraus, Dror / Horowitz-Kraus, Tzipi

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)

2022 Volume 111, Issue 4, Page(s) 741–749

Abstract: Aim: This specific review aims to expose clinicians, researchers and administrators in hospitals to the importance, procedures and safety of fMRI studies to promote the increased utilisation of such studies in different geographical places worldwide. ... ...

Abstract	Aim: This specific review aims to expose clinicians, researchers and administrators in hospitals to the importance, procedures and safety of fMRI studies to promote the increased utilisation of such studies in different geographical places worldwide. The child's brain is developing rapidly, both structurally and functionally. These functional changes can only be detected using functional scans generated from an MRI machine and referred to as a functional MRI (fMRI). This method may be used clinically in complex medical and surgical conditions (e.g., epilepsy surgery), but these days are often used for research purposes. However, due to ethical and logistical considerations, fMRI in the paediatric population is not widely and equally used in different geographical places. Conclusions: The benefits of using this method to define the functional changes occurring in the developing brain are discussed in this review, along with desensitisation methods recommended when working with this vulnerable population in research and even in a clinical setting.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Child ; Epilepsy/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/adverse effects ; Research Personnel ; Vulnerable Populations
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-07
Publishing country	Norway
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	203487-6
ISSN	1651-2227 ; 0365-1436 ; 0803-5253
ISSN (online)	1651-2227
ISSN	0365-1436 ; 0803-5253
DOI	10.1111/apa.16247
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Article ; Online: Parent-child couples display shared neural fingerprints while listening to stories.

Habouba, Nir / Talmon, Ronen / Kraus, Dror / Farah, Rola / Apter, Alan / Steinberg, Tamar / Radhakrishnan, Rupa / Barazany, Daniel / Horowitz-Kraus, Tzipi

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2883

Abstract: Neural fingerprinting is a method to identify individuals from a group of people. Here, we established a new connectome-based identification model and used diffusion maps to show that biological parent-child couples share functional connectivity patterns ...

Abstract	Neural fingerprinting is a method to identify individuals from a group of people. Here, we established a new connectome-based identification model and used diffusion maps to show that biological parent-child couples share functional connectivity patterns while listening to stories. These shared fingerprints enabled the identification of children and their biological parents from a group of parents and children. Functional patterns were evident in both cognitive and sensory brain networks. Defining "typical" shared biological parent-child brain patterns may enable predicting or even preventing impaired parent-child connections that develop due to genetic or environmental causes. Finally, we argue that the proposed framework opens new opportunities to link similarities in connectivity patterns to behavioral, psychological, and medical phenomena among other populations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the neural fingerprint that represents distinct biological parent-child couples.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Brain ; Connectome/methods ; Parents ; Parent-Child Relations
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-53518-x
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Article ; Online: Altered white matter organization and its correlations with executive functioning among adolescents with epilepsy.

Kraus, Dror / Farah, Rola / Fischer, Haya / Vannest, Jennifer / Wade, Shari L / Radhakrishnan, Rupa / Modi, Avani C / Horowitz-Kraus, Tzipi

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society

2023 Volume 46, Page(s) 82–88

Abstract: Deficits in executive functions (EF) are a common comorbidity among adolescents with epilepsy. EF deficits were previously correlated with altered connectivity of the fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular neural networks. The current study investigated ... ...

Abstract	Deficits in executive functions (EF) are a common comorbidity among adolescents with epilepsy. EF deficits were previously correlated with altered connectivity of the fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular neural networks. The current study investigated white matter integrity in adolescents with epilepsy (n = 29) relative to healthy controls (n = 19). Participants completed questionnaires, neuropsychological testing, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that included diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences. On BRIEF parent-report questionnaires, adolescents with epilepsy demonstrated lower working memory and planning abilities than healthy controls. Among adolescents with epilepsy, DTI measurements revealed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) within the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, forceps minor, and the superior frontal segment of the corpus callosum, and higher FA in the left uncinate fasciculus, compared to healthy controls. Better working memory ability in the epilepsy group was associated with higher FA in the superior frontal segment of the corpus callosum. Only in healthy controls, working memory and planning were positively associated with FA values in the left UF, forceps minor and the superior frontal segment of the corpus callosum. The current study complements previous functional studies on the same cohort and suggests that EF impairments among adolescents with epilepsy may be related to the altered anatomical organization of white matter tracts. Combining structural and functional data could potentially enrich the neuropsychological assessment of executive functioning in adolescents with epilepsy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1397146-3
ISSN	1532-2130 ; 1090-3798
ISSN (online)	1532-2130
ISSN	1090-3798
DOI	10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.07.004
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Article: Elevated Alpha-Fetoprotein in Infantile-Onset Niemann-Pick Type C Disease with Liver Involvement.

Kraus, Dror / Abdelrahim, Huda / Waisbourd-Zinman, Orith / Domin, Elena / Zeharia, Avraham / Staretz-Chacham, Orna

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 9, Issue 4

Abstract: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal recessive neuro-visceral lipid storage disease. We describe nine cases of infantile-onset NPC with various genetic mutations in the NPC1 gene, which presented with neonatal cholestasis. Serum alpha- ... ...

Abstract	Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal recessive neuro-visceral lipid storage disease. We describe nine cases of infantile-onset NPC with various genetic mutations in the NPC1 gene, which presented with neonatal cholestasis. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were obtained as part of their workup during the first four months of life. In eight of nine (89%) patients, serum AFP demonstrated elevated levels. Seven infants displayed marked elevations, ranging from 4 to 300 times the upper limit for age-adjusted norms. In most patients, AFP levels peaked during the initial test and declined over time as cholestasis resolved. We conclude that elevated AFP levels are a common, although non-specific, marker for NPC-associated liver disease. These findings demonstrate the benefit of including AFP levels in the workup of neonatal liver disease, especially if there is accompanied cholestasis and if NPC is suspected.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children9040545
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Article ; Online: Focal Epilepsy in Individuals with Laron Syndrome.

Goldberg, Lotem / Laron, Zvi / Kornreich, Liora / Scheuerman, Oded / Goldberg-Stern, Hadassa / Kraus, Dror

Hormone research in paediatrics

2022 Volume 95, Issue 3, Page(s) 286–290

Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to describe focal epilepsy in patients with Laron syndrome (LS).: Methods: Data were retrieved from medical records of a single-center cohort of 75 patients with LS.: Results: We describe for the first time 4 ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of the study was to describe focal epilepsy in patients with Laron syndrome (LS). Methods: Data were retrieved from medical records of a single-center cohort of 75 patients with LS. Results: We describe for the first time 4 patients with concomitant focal epilepsy and LS. Two of them experienced episodes of status epilepticus. Electroencephalogram examination in all 4 patients showed interictal epileptiform discharges in the temporal regions. Three achieved long-term seizure freedom on antiseizure medications. Conclusion: Patients with LS may be at risk of developing focal epilepsy, which seems to be unrelated to hypoglycemic episodes in childhood.
MeSH term(s)	Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial/complications ; Epilepsies, Partial/diagnosis ; Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy ; Humans ; Laron Syndrome ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures/complications ; Seizures/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	News
ZDB-ID	2537278-6
ISSN	1663-2826 ; 1663-2818
ISSN (online)	1663-2826
ISSN	1663-2818
DOI	10.1159/000524350
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Article ; Online: Optimizing Electrode Configurations for Wearable EEG Seizure Detection Using Machine Learning.

Gelbard-Sagiv, Hagar / Pardo, Snir / Getter, Nir / Guendelman, Miriam / Benninger, Felix / Kraus, Dror / Shriki, Oren / Ben-Sasson, Shay

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 13

Abstract: Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder, profoundly affects patients' quality of life due to the unpredictable nature of seizures. The development of a reliable and user-friendly wearable EEG system capable of detecting and predicting seizures has ... ...

Abstract	Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder, profoundly affects patients' quality of life due to the unpredictable nature of seizures. The development of a reliable and user-friendly wearable EEG system capable of detecting and predicting seizures has the potential to revolutionize epilepsy care. However, optimizing electrode configurations for such systems, which is crucial for balancing accuracy and practicality, remains to be explored. This study addresses this gap by developing a systematic approach to optimize electrode configurations for a seizure detection machine-learning algorithm. Our approach was applied to an extensive database of prolonged annotated EEG recordings from 158 epilepsy patients. Multiple electrode configurations ranging from one to eighteen were assessed to determine the optimal number of electrodes. Results indicated that the performance was initially maintained as the number of electrodes decreased, but a drop in performance was found to have occurred at around eight electrodes. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of all eight-electrode configurations was conducted using a computationally intensive workflow to identify the optimal configurations. This approach can inform the mechanical design process of an EEG system that balances seizure detection accuracy with the ease of use and portability. Additionally, this framework holds potential for optimizing hardware in other machine learning applications. The study presents a significant step towards the development of an efficient wearable EEG system for seizure detection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Quality of Life ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Seizures/diagnosis ; Epilepsy/diagnosis ; Algorithms ; Machine Learning ; Electrodes ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23135805
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Article ; Online: Intranasal dexmedetomidine vs oral triclofos sodium for sedation of children with autism undergoing electroencephalograms.

Kaplan, Eytan / Shifeldrim, Adi / Kraus, Dror / Weissbach, Avichai / Kadmon, Gili / Milkh, Rachel / Nahum, Elhanan

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society

2022 Volume 37, Page(s) 19–24

Abstract: Background: Sedation may be necessary for performing electroencephalograms in children with autistic spectrum disorder, however, our sedation success rate using triclofos sodium (TFS) is limited. Intra-nasal dexmedetomidine (IN-DEX) may be a superior ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sedation may be necessary for performing electroencephalograms in children with autistic spectrum disorder, however, our sedation success rate using triclofos sodium (TFS) is limited. Intra-nasal dexmedetomidine (IN-DEX) may be a superior sedative for these children. Objective: Compare IN-DEX with TFS for sedation efficacy, resistance to drug delivery and adverse events in children with autism undergoing an electroencephalogram. Study design: A single center, prospective observational study of children with autism sedated for electroencephalograms using IN-DEX compared to an age matched, historic group of children with autism, sedated for electroencephalograms using TFS. Results: Characteristics of 41 IN-DEX sedations were compared to 41 TFS sedations in 82 ASD children. Epileptiform discharges were demonstrated in 23/82 (28%) of children in the cohort. Sedation depth by UMSS was significantly deeper in the IN-DEX group (2.49 ± 0.78 vs. 1.41 ± 0.89, p < 0.001). Electroencephalogram quality demonstrated less motion artifact in the IN-DEX group (1.75 ± 0.76 vs. 2.18 ± 0.88, p < 0.001). The rate of very poor or sedation failure was significantly lower in the IN-DEX group (17% vs 56.1%, p < 0.001), RR = 0.3 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.63, p < 0.001). No major adverse events were documented in either group. Bradycardia occurred in 8/41(19.5%) of children in IN-DEX group and none in TFS group (p = 0.003). Hypotension or poor perfusion were not demonstrated in either group. Conclusion: In children with autism undergoing electroencephalograms, IN-DEX was more tolerable than TFS, induced deeper sedation with a greater success rate, and improved electroencephalogram quality. Both sedatives were equally safe in this population.
MeSH term(s)	Autistic Disorder/drug therapy ; Child ; Dexmedetomidine/adverse effects ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Organophosphates ; Sodium
Chemical Substances	Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Organophosphates ; Dexmedetomidine (67VB76HONO) ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; triclofos (J712EO9048)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	1397146-3
ISSN	1532-2130 ; 1090-3798
ISSN (online)	1532-2130
ISSN	1090-3798
DOI	10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.005
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Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Absence seizure provocation during routine EEG: Does position of the child during hyperventilation affect diagnostic yield?" [Seizure 79 (2020) 86-89].

Rozenblat, Tal / Kraus, Dror / Mahajnah, Muhammad / Goldberg-Stern, Hadassah / Watemberg, Nathan

Seizure

2020 Volume 84, Page(s) 132

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1137610-7
ISSN	1532-2688 ; 1059-1311
ISSN (online)	1532-2688
ISSN	1059-1311
DOI	10.1016/j.seizure.2020.11.001
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Article ; Online: The effect of learning on feedback-related potentials in adolescents with dyslexia: an EEG-ERP study.

Kraus, Dror / Horowitz-Kraus, Tzipi

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) e100486

Abstract: Introduction: Individuals with dyslexia exhibit associated learning deficits and impaired executive functions. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a learning-based task that relies heavily on executive functioning, in particular, attention shift ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Individuals with dyslexia exhibit associated learning deficits and impaired executive functions. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a learning-based task that relies heavily on executive functioning, in particular, attention shift and working memory. Performance during early and late phases of a series within the task represents learning and implementation of a newly learned rule. Here, we aimed to examine two event-related potentials associated with learning, feedback-related negativity (FRN)-P300 complex, in individuals with dyslexia performing the WCST. Methods: Adolescents with dyslexia and age-matched typical readers performed the Madrid card sorting test (MCST), a computerized version of the WCST. Task performance, reading measures, and cognitive measures were collected. FRN and the P300 complex were acquired using the event-related potentials methodology and were compared in early vs late errors within a series. Results: While performing the MCST, both groups showed a significant reduction in average reaction times and a trend toward decreased error rates. Typical readers performed consistently better than individuals with dyslexia. FRN amplitudes in early phases were significantly smaller in dyslexic readers, but were essentially equivalent to typical readers in the late phase. P300 amplitudes were initially smaller among readers with dyslexia and tended to decrease further in late phases. Differences in FRN amplitudes for early vs late phases were positively correlated with those of P300 amplitudes in the entire sample. Conclusion: Individuals with dyslexia demonstrate a behavioral and electrophysiological change within single series of the MCST. However, learning patterns seem to differ between individuals with dyslexia and typical readers. We attribute these differences to the lower baseline performance of individuals with dyslexia. We suggest that these changes represent a fast compensatory mechanism, demonstrating the importance of learning strategies on reading among individuals with dyslexia.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Dyslexia/physiopathology ; Dyslexia/psychology ; Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Feedback, Psychological ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term ; Reaction Time
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0100486
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Article ; Online: The effect of learning on feedback-related potentials in adolescents with dyslexia

Dror Kraus / Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 6, p e

an EEG-ERP study.

2014 Volume 100486

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Individuals with dyslexia exhibit associated learning deficits and impaired executive functions. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a learning-based task that relies heavily on executive functioning, in particular, attention shift ... ...

Abstract	INTRODUCTION: Individuals with dyslexia exhibit associated learning deficits and impaired executive functions. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a learning-based task that relies heavily on executive functioning, in particular, attention shift and working memory. Performance during early and late phases of a series within the task represents learning and implementation of a newly learned rule. Here, we aimed to examine two event-related potentials associated with learning, feedback-related negativity (FRN)-P300 complex, in individuals with dyslexia performing the WCST. METHODS: Adolescents with dyslexia and age-matched typical readers performed the Madrid card sorting test (MCST), a computerized version of the WCST. Task performance, reading measures, and cognitive measures were collected. FRN and the P300 complex were acquired using the event-related potentials methodology and were compared in early vs late errors within a series. RESULTS: While performing the MCST, both groups showed a significant reduction in average reaction times and a trend toward decreased error rates. Typical readers performed consistently better than individuals with dyslexia. FRN amplitudes in early phases were significantly smaller in dyslexic readers, but were essentially equivalent to typical readers in the late phase. P300 amplitudes were initially smaller among readers with dyslexia and tended to decrease further in late phases. Differences in FRN amplitudes for early vs late phases were positively correlated with those of P300 amplitudes in the entire sample. CONCLUSION: Individuals with dyslexia demonstrate a behavioral and electrophysiological change within single series of the MCST. However, learning patterns seem to differ between individuals with dyslexia and typical readers. We attribute these differences to the lower baseline performance of individuals with dyslexia. We suggest that these changes represent a fast compensatory mechanism, demonstrating the importance of learning strategies on reading among individuals with dyslexia.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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