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  1. Article ; Online: Novel Zoonotic Avian Influenza A(H3N8) Virus in Chicken, Hong Kong, China.

    Sit, Thomas H C / Sun, Wanying / Tse, Anne C N / Brackman, Christopher J / Cheng, Samuel M S / Tang, Amy W Yan / Cheung, Jonathan T L / Peiris, Malik / Poon, Leo L M

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2022  Volume 28, Issue 10, Page(s) 2009–2015

    Abstract: Zoonotic and pandemic influenza continue to pose threats to global public health. Pandemics arise when novel influenza A viruses, derived in whole or in part from animal or avian influenza viruses, adapt to transmit efficiently in a human population that ...

    Abstract Zoonotic and pandemic influenza continue to pose threats to global public health. Pandemics arise when novel influenza A viruses, derived in whole or in part from animal or avian influenza viruses, adapt to transmit efficiently in a human population that has little population immunity to contain its onward transmission. Viruses of previous pandemic concern, such as influenza A(H7N9), arose from influenza A(H9N2) viruses established in domestic poultry acquiring a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from influenza A viruses of aquatic waterfowl. We report a novel influenza A(H3N8) virus in chicken that has emerged in a similar manner and that has been recently reported to cause zoonotic disease. Although they are H3 subtype, these avian viruses are antigenically distant from contemporary human influenza A(H3N2) viruses, and there is little cross-reactive immunity in the human population. It is essential to heighten surveillance for these avian A(H3N8) viruses in poultry and in humans.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chickens ; China/epidemiology ; Hemagglutinins ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza in Birds ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Poultry
    Chemical Substances Hemagglutinins ; Neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2810.221067
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant (AY.127) from pet hamsters to humans, leading to onward human-to-human transmission: a case study.

    Yen, Hui-Ling / Sit, Thomas H C / Brackman, Christopher J / Chuk, Shirley S Y / Gu, Haogao / Tam, Karina W S / Law, Pierra Y T / Leung, Gabriel M / Peiris, Malik / Poon, Leo L M

    Lancet (London, England)

    2022  Volume 399, Issue 10329, Page(s) 1070–1078

    Abstract: Background: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to other mammals, including pet animals, has been reported. However, with the exception of farmed mink, there is no previous evidence that these infected animals can infect humans, resulting in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to other mammals, including pet animals, has been reported. However, with the exception of farmed mink, there is no previous evidence that these infected animals can infect humans, resulting in sustained human-to-human transmission. Following a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection of a pet shop worker, animals in the shop and the warehouse supplying it were tested for evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Methods: In this case study, viral swabs and blood samples were collected from animals in a pet shop and its corresponding warehouse in Hong Kong. Nasal swab or saliva samples from human COVID-19 patients epidemiologically linked to the pet shop and from subsequent local cases confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 delta variant were collected. Oral swabs were tested by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 and blood samples were serologically tested by a surrogate virus neutralisation test and plaque reduction neutralisation test. The SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR positive samples were sequenced by next generation viral full genome sequencing using the ISeq sequencing platform (Illumina), and the viral genomes were phylogenetically analysed.
    Findings: Eight (50%) of 16 individually tested Syrian hamsters in the pet shop and seven (58%) of 12 Syrian hamsters in the corresponding warehouse were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection in RT-qPCR or serological tests. None of the dwarf hamsters (n=75), rabbits (n=246), guinea pigs (n=66), chinchillas (n=116), and mice (n=2) were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 in RT-qPCR tests. SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes deduced from human and hamster cases in this incident all belong to the delta variant of concern (AY.127) that had not been circulating locally before this outbreak. The viral genomes obtained from hamsters were phylogenetically related with some sequence heterogeneity. Phylogenetic dating suggests infection in these hamsters occurred around Oct 14, 2021 (95% CI Sept 15 to Nov 9, 2021). Multiple zoonotic transmission events to humans were detected, leading to onward human-to-human transmission.
    Interpretation: Pet hamsters can be naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2. The virus can circulate among hamsters and lead to human infections. Both genetic and epidemiological results strongly suggest that there was more than one hamster-to-human transmission event in this study. This incident also led to onward human transmission. Importation of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters was a likely source of this outbreak.
    Funding: US National Institutes of Health, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, Food and Health Bureau, and InnoHK.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19/veterinary ; COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing ; Child ; Cricetinae/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pets/virology ; Phylogeny ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Zoonoses/transmission
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00326-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Public Parks in Hong Kong: Characteristics of Physical Activity Areas and Their Users.

    Chow, Bik C / McKenzie, Thomas L / Sit, Cindy H P

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2016  Volume 13, Issue 7

    Abstract: Public parks, salient locations for engaging populations in health promoting physical activity, are especially important in high-density cities. We used the System for Observing Physical Activity in Communities (SOPARC) to conduct the first-ever ... ...

    Abstract Public parks, salient locations for engaging populations in health promoting physical activity, are especially important in high-density cities. We used the System for Observing Physical Activity in Communities (SOPARC) to conduct the first-ever surveillance study of nine public parks in Hong Kong (288 observation sessions during 36 weekdays and 36 weekend days) and observed 28,585 visitors in 262 diverse areas/facilities. Parks were widely used throughout the day on weekdays and weekend days and across summer and autumn; visitor rates were among the highest seen in 24 SOPARC studies. In contrast to other studies where teens and children dominated park use, most visitors (71%) were adults and seniors. More males (61%) than females used the parks, and they dominated areas designed for sports. Over 60% of visitors were observed engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, a rate higher than other SOPARC studies. Facilities with user fees were less accessible than non-fee areas, but they provided relatively more supervised and organized activities. Assessing parks by age, gender, and physical activity can provide useful information relative to population health. This study not only provides information useful to local administrators for planning and programming park facilities relative to physical activity, but it also provides a baseline for comparison by other high-density cities.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exercise ; Female ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parks, Recreational/statistics & numerical data ; Public Facilities/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1660-4601
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph13070639
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 in Quarantined Domestic Cats from COVID-19 Households or Close Contacts, Hong Kong, China.

    Barrs, Vanessa R / Peiris, Malik / Tam, Karina W S / Law, Pierra Y T / Brackman, Christopher J / To, Esther M W / Yu, Veronica Y T / Chu, Daniel K W / Perera, Ranawaka A P M / Sit, Thomas H C

    Emerging infectious diseases

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 3071–3074

    Abstract: We tested 50 cats from coronavirus disease households or close contacts in Hong Kong, China, for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in respiratory and fecal samples. We found 6 cases of apparent human-to-feline transmission involving ... ...

    Abstract We tested 50 cats from coronavirus disease households or close contacts in Hong Kong, China, for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in respiratory and fecal samples. We found 6 cases of apparent human-to-feline transmission involving healthy cats. Virus genomes sequenced from 1 cat and its owner were identical.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/transmission ; COVID-19/veterinary ; Cats ; Family Characteristics ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pets ; Quarantine ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Viral Zoonoses
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1380686-5
    ISSN 1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
    ISSN (online) 1080-6059
    ISSN 1080-6040
    DOI 10.3201/eid2612.202786
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Correlates of physical activity in children and adolescents with physical disabilities: A systematic review.

    Li, Ru / Sit, Cindy H P / Yu, Jane J / Duan, Joyce Z J / Fan, Thomas C M / McKenzie, Thomas L / Wong, Stephen H S

    Preventive medicine

    2016  Volume 89, Page(s) 184–193

    Abstract: Background: The benefits of physical activity (PA) for children with disabilities are well documented, and children with physical disabilities (PD) are often less active than peers with other disability types. Various correlates associated with PA in ... ...

    Abstract Background: The benefits of physical activity (PA) for children with disabilities are well documented, and children with physical disabilities (PD) are often less active than peers with other disability types. Various correlates associated with PA in children with PD have been identified in separate studies, and a thorough analysis of these correlates could aid in understanding and designing interventions that promote children with PD to be more physically active. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive summary of the correlates of PA in children with PD.
    Method: A systematic search using PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, Eric, and EMbase was initiated in October 2014 to identify studies examining the correlates of PA in children with PD aged 6-18years. Two researchers independently screened studies, assessed their methodological quality, and extracted relevant data. The correlates were synthesized and further assessed semi-quantitatively.
    Results: A total of 45 articles were included in the detailed review. Several modifiable physical, psychological, and environmental correlates were consistently and positively associated with PA in children with PD. Some non-modifiable correlates (e.g., intellectual ability, parents' ethnicity) were found to be consistently and negatively associated with PA.
    Conclusions: The correlates of PA in children with PD are multifaceted and along many dimensions. This review can have implications for future studies and these may confirm the consistency of variables related to PA. Insights derived from the outcomes may also foster the measurement of the magnitude of associations that could assist the development of future interventions.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Disabled Children ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Leisure Activities
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 184600-0
    ISSN 1096-0260 ; 0091-7435
    ISSN (online) 1096-0260
    ISSN 0091-7435
    DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.029
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Physical Activity and Sedentary Time among Children with Disabilities at School.

    Sit, Cindy H P / McKenzie, Thomas L / Cerin, Ester / Chow, Bik C / Huang, Wendy Y / Yu, Jie

    Medicine and science in sports and exercise

    2017  Volume 49, Issue 2, Page(s) 292–297

    Abstract: Purposes: Physical activity (PA) is important for the development of children with disabilities, but rarely does this population meet the recommended standards. Schools are salient locations for PA, but little is known about how specific school settings ...

    Abstract Purposes: Physical activity (PA) is important for the development of children with disabilities, but rarely does this population meet the recommended standards. Schools are salient locations for PA, but little is known about how specific school settings affect the PA of children with diverse disabilities. We assessed PA and sedentary time (ST) of children with disabilities in three school settings (physical education, recess, lunchtime).
    Methods: Participants included 259 children from 13 Hong Kong special schools for five primary disabilities: visual impairments, hearing impairments, physical disabilities, intellectual disabilities, and social development problems. Children wore accelerometers at school for 3 d, and the time (min and %) they engaged in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and ST was extracted for each school setting by sex. Analyses included multiple linear mixed models to determine differences in MVPA and ST by sex across disability types, adjusting for body mass index, grade level, and duration in each setting.
    Results: Overall, children spent 70% of their day at school being sedentary and accrued little MVPA (mean, 17 ± 4.2 min daily). Children with intellectual disabilities (severe) had especially low levels of MVPA. All three settings contributed significantly to both MVPA and ST, with recess contributing more to MVPA than physical education or lunchtime.
    Conclusions: This is the first study to examine MVPA and ST among different disability types at school using accelerometry. Given the low levels of PA, this population should receive priority in the development of cost-effective interventions to improve their PA opportunities.
    MeSH term(s) Accelerometry ; Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Disabled Children ; Exercise ; Female ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Education and Training ; Schools ; Sedentary Lifestyle ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603994-7
    ISSN 1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    ISSN (online) 1530-0315
    ISSN 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
    DOI 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001097
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test for Detection of Antibody in Human, Canine, Cat, and Hamster Sera.

    Perera, Ranawaka A P M / Ko, Ronald / Tsang, Owen T Y / Hui, David S C / Kwan, Mike Y M / Brackman, Christopher J / To, Esther M W / Yen, Hui-Ling / Leung, Kathy / Cheng, Samuel M S / Chan, Kin Ho / Chan, Karl C K / Li, Ka-Chi / Saif, Linda / Barrs, Vanessa R / Wu, Joseph T / Sit, Thomas H C / Poon, Leo L M / Peiris, Malik

    Journal of clinical microbiology

    2021  Volume 59, Issue 2

    Abstract: Surrogate neutralization assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can be done without biosafety level 3 containment and in multiple species are desirable. We evaluate a recently developed surrogate virus neutralization ...

    Abstract Surrogate neutralization assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can be done without biosafety level 3 containment and in multiple species are desirable. We evaluate a recently developed surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) in comparison to 90% plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/blood ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19 Serological Testing/methods ; Cats ; Cricetinae ; Cross Reactions ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Male ; Neutralization Tests/methods ; Neutralization Tests/standards ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Immune Sera
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 390499-4
    ISSN 1098-660X ; 0095-1137
    ISSN (online) 1098-660X
    ISSN 0095-1137
    DOI 10.1128/JCM.02504-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2.

    Sit, Thomas H C / Brackman, Christopher J / Ip, Sin Ming / Tam, Karina W S / Law, Pierra Y T / To, Esther M W / Yu, Veronica Y T / Sims, Leslie D / Tsang, Dominic N C / Chu, Daniel K W / Perera, Ranawaka A P M / Poon, Leo L M / Peiris, Malik

    Nature

    2020  Volume 586, Issue 7831, Page(s) 776–778

    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in Wuhan in December 2019 and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ...

    Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in Wuhan in December 2019 and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Betacoronavirus/genetics ; Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/veterinary ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Dog Diseases/transmission ; Dog Diseases/virology ; Dogs ; Female ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/veterinary ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/veterinary ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Time Factors ; Zoonoses/transmission ; Zoonoses/virology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; Receptors, Virus ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-2334-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Public Parks in Hong Kong

    Bik C. Chow / Thomas L. McKenzie / Cindy H. P. Sit

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 13, Iss 7, p

    Characteristics of Physical Activity Areas and Their Users

    2016  Volume 639

    Abstract: Public parks, salient locations for engaging populations in health promoting physical activity, are especially important in high-density cities. We used the System for Observing Physical Activity in Communities (SOPARC) to conduct the first-ever ... ...

    Abstract Public parks, salient locations for engaging populations in health promoting physical activity, are especially important in high-density cities. We used the System for Observing Physical Activity in Communities (SOPARC) to conduct the first-ever surveillance study of nine public parks in Hong Kong (288 observation sessions during 36 weekdays and 36 weekend days) and observed 28,585 visitors in 262 diverse areas/facilities. Parks were widely used throughout the day on weekdays and weekend days and across summer and autumn; visitor rates were among the highest seen in 24 SOPARC studies. In contrast to other studies where teens and children dominated park use, most visitors (71%) were adults and seniors. More males (61%) than females used the parks, and they dominated areas designed for sports. Over 60% of visitors were observed engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, a rate higher than other SOPARC studies. Facilities with user fees were less accessible than non-fee areas, but they provided relatively more supervised and organized activities. Assessing parks by age, gender, and physical activity can provide useful information relative to population health. This study not only provides information useful to local administrators for planning and programming park facilities relative to physical activity, but it also provides a baseline for comparison by other high-density cities.
    Keywords built environment ; direct observation ; exercise ; parks ; physical activity ; recreation ; SOPARC ; surveillance ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 710
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: SARS-CoV-2 in Quarantined Domestic Cats from COVID-19 Households or Close Contacts, Hong Kong, China

    Barrs, Vanessa R / Peiris, Malik / Tam, Karina W S / Law, Pierra Y T / Brackman, Christopher J / To, Esther M W / Yu, Veronica Y T / Chu, Daniel K W / Perera, Ranawaka A P M / Sit, Thomas H C

    Emerg. infect. dis

    Abstract: We tested 50 cats from coronavirus disease households or close contacts in Hong Kong, China, for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in respiratory and fecal samples. We found 6 cases of apparent human-to-feline transmission involving ... ...

    Abstract We tested 50 cats from coronavirus disease households or close contacts in Hong Kong, China, for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA in respiratory and fecal samples. We found 6 cases of apparent human-to-feline transmission involving healthy cats. Virus genomes sequenced from 1 cat and its owner were identical.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #771556
    Database COVID19

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