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Article ; Online: HIV-1 Subtype Shift in the Philippines is Associated With High Transmitted Drug Resistance, High Viral Loads, and Fast Immunologic Decline.

Salvaña, Edsel Maurice T / Dungca, Niña Theresa / Arevalo, Geraldine / Li, Kingbherly / Francisco, Christian / Penalosa, Christine / Dela Tonga, Angelo / Leyritana, Katerina / Solante, Rontgene / Tactacan-Abrenica, Rosario Jessica / Lim, Jodor / Alejandria, Marissa / Palaypayon, Noel / Schwem, Brian

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2022 Volume 122, Page(s) 936–943

Abstract: Objectives: The Philippines has one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world. A subtype shift from B to CRF01_AE may have contributed to the increase in cases. We undertook a genotyping and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) study to determine ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The Philippines has one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world. A subtype shift from B to CRF01_AE may have contributed to the increase in cases. We undertook a genotyping and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) study to determine if the dominant subtype has any advantages in resistance and transmission. Methods: Filipinos who were treatment-naive who were living with HIV were recruited from two large government treatment hubs from March 2016 to August 2018. HIV-1 viral load, CD4 count, genotyping, and TDR testing were performed. Demographic and clinical data were collected and compared across subtypes. Results: A total of 298 Filipinos living with HIV were recruited. Median CD4 count was 143 cells/µl and HIV viral load was 2,345,431 copies/ml. Sanger-based sequencing showed 230/298 (77.2%) had subtype CRF01_AE, 41 (13.8%) subtype B, and the rest had other subtypes or recombinants. Overall TDR was 11.7%. TDR was associated with lower viral loads and no previous HIV testing. CRF01_AE had a higher likelihood of a viral load >100,000 copies/ml and having a baseline CD4 count <50 cells/mm Conclusion: TDR in the Philippines is high at 11.7%. CRF01_AE was observed to have a higher baseline viral load and lower CD4 counts compared with other cocirculating subtypes. Further research needs to confirm this observation because it suggests that CRF01_AE may have a survival advantage that led to replacement of subtype B as the dominant subtype. Drug resistance testing is recommended in the Philippines when initiating NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy but may not be necessary for INSTI-based regimens.
MeSH term(s)	Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Philippines/epidemiology ; Viral Load
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-03
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.048
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Article ; Online: Intracranial Mass Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in the Philippines: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Omar, Abdelsimar T / Nepomuceno, Marisse J / Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Chua, Annabell E

World neurosurgery

2020 Volume 145, Page(s) e149–e154

Abstract: Background: Central nervous system involvement is commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with up to 2%-10% of patients presenting with intracranial mass lesions. The management of these lesions depends largely on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Central nervous system involvement is commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with up to 2%-10% of patients presenting with intracranial mass lesions. The management of these lesions depends largely on their etiology and their relative frequency in the local population. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with HIV and evidence of intracranial mass lesions on cranial magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography from 2007 to 2018. Demographic data, clinical features, etiology, surgical management, and outcomes were collected. Results: The prevalence of intracranial mass lesions in our cohort was 2.2% (45/2032). Patients were predominantly male (98%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 28 years. The most common clinical manifestations were headache (75%), focal weakness (49%), and seizures (32%). The most common diagnoses were toxoplasmic encephalitis (51%) and tuberculosis (24%). Biopsy or excision was performed in 10% of cases, leading to a definitive diagnosis in 60% of these cases. A favorable outcome was observed in 58% of all patients at 46 months median follow-up, with adequate disease-specific treatment. Conclusions: The prevalence of intracranial mass lesions in Filipino patients with HIV is 2.2%. The most common etiology was toxoplasmic encephalitis followed by tuberculosis. These findings are substantially different from other findings reported in the literature and should be considered in formulating guidelines for the Filipino population.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology ; Adult ; Brain Diseases/epidemiology ; Brain Diseases/immunology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Male ; Philippines ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2534351-8
ISSN	1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
ISSN (online)	1878-8769
ISSN	1878-8750
DOI	10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.141
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Zs.A 1159: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Target product profile for a dengue pre-vaccination screening test.

Fongwen, Noah / Wilder-Smith, Annelise / Gubler, Duane J / Ooi, Eng Eong / T Salvana, Edsel Maurice / de Lamballerie, Xavier / Olliaro, Piero L / Peeling, Rosanna W

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2021 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e0009557

Abstract: With increasing geographic spread, frequency, and magnitude of outbreaks, dengue continues to pose a major public health threat worldwide. Dengvaxia, a dengue live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine, was licensed in 2015, but post hoc analyses of long-term ... ...

Abstract	With increasing geographic spread, frequency, and magnitude of outbreaks, dengue continues to pose a major public health threat worldwide. Dengvaxia, a dengue live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine, was licensed in 2015, but post hoc analyses of long-term data showed serostatus-dependent vaccine performance with an excess risk of hospitalized and severe dengue in seronegative vaccine recipients. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that only persons with evidence of past dengue infection should receive the vaccine. A test for pre-vaccination screening for dengue serostatus is needed. To develop the target product profile (TPP) for a dengue pre-vaccination screening test, face-to-face consultative meetings were organized with follow-up regional consultations. A technical working group was formed to develop consensus on a reference test against which candidate pre-vaccination screening tests could be compared. The group also reviewed current diagnostic landscape and the need to accelerate the evaluation, regulatory approval, and policy development of tests that can identify seropositive individuals and maximize public health impact of vaccination while avoiding the risk of hospitalization in dengue-naive individuals. Pre-vaccination screening strategies will benefit from rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that are affordable, sensitive, and specific and can be used at the point of care (POC). The TPP described the minimum and ideal characteristics of a dengue pre-vaccination screening RDT with an emphasis on high specificity. The group also made suggestions for accelerating access to these RDTs through streamlining regulatory approval and policy development. Risk and benefit based on what can be achieved with RDTs meeting minimal and optimal characteristics in the TPP across a range of seroprevalences were defined. The final choice of RDTs in each country will depend on the performance of the RDT, dengue seroprevalence in the target population, tolerance of risk, and cost-effectiveness.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Dengue/diagnosis ; Dengue/immunology ; Dengue/prevention & control ; Dengue Vaccines/immunology ; Humans ; Mass Screening/methods ; Point-of-Care Testing ; Reference Standards ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests/methods ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Attenuated
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Dengue Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2727
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2727
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0009557
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Article ; Online: Images in clinical medicine. Patent ductus arteriosus in an elderly man.

Salvana, Edsel Maurice T

The New England journal of medicine

2006 Volume 354, Issue 23, Page(s) 2484

MeSH term(s)	Cardiac Catheterization ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/complications ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Failure/etiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207154-x
ISSN	1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
ISSN (online)	1533-4406
ISSN	0028-4793
DOI	10.1056/NEJMicm050276
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Article ; Online: The changing molecular epidemiology of HIV in the Philippines.

Salvaña, Edsel Maurice T / Schwem, Brian E / Ching, Patrick R / Frost, Simon D W / Ganchua, Sharie Keanne C / Itable, Jill R

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2017 Volume 61, Page(s) 44–50

Abstract: Background: The Philippines has one of the fastest-growing HIV epidemics in the world. Possible reasons for this include increased testing, increased local transmission, and possibly more aggressive strains of HIV. This study sought to determine whether ...

Abstract	Background: The Philippines has one of the fastest-growing HIV epidemics in the world. Possible reasons for this include increased testing, increased local transmission, and possibly more aggressive strains of HIV. This study sought to determine whether local molecular subtypes of HIV have changed. Methods: Viruses from 81 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive HIV patients were genotyped using protease and reverse transcriptase genes. Demographic characteristics and CD4 count data were collected. Results: The cohort had an average age of 29 years (range 19-51 years), CD4+ count of 255 cells/mm Conclusions: The molecular epidemiology of HIV in the Philippines has changed, with the more aggressive CRF01_AE now being the predominant subtype.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Philippines/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-21
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2017.05.017
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Zs.A 4516: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Target product profile for a dengue pre-vaccination screening test.

Noah Fongwen / Annelise Wilder-Smith / Duane J Gubler / Eng Eong Ooi / Edsel Maurice T Salvana / Xavier de Lamballerie / Piero L Olliaro / Rosanna W Peeling

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e

2021 Volume 0009557

Abstract	With increasing geographic spread, frequency, and magnitude of outbreaks, dengue continues to pose a major public health threat worldwide. Dengvaxia, a dengue live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine, was licensed in 2015, but post hoc analyses of long-term data showed serostatus-dependent vaccine performance with an excess risk of hospitalized and severe dengue in seronegative vaccine recipients. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that only persons with evidence of past dengue infection should receive the vaccine. A test for pre-vaccination screening for dengue serostatus is needed. To develop the target product profile (TPP) for a dengue pre-vaccination screening test, face-to-face consultative meetings were organized with follow-up regional consultations. A technical working group was formed to develop consensus on a reference test against which candidate pre-vaccination screening tests could be compared. The group also reviewed current diagnostic landscape and the need to accelerate the evaluation, regulatory approval, and policy development of tests that can identify seropositive individuals and maximize public health impact of vaccination while avoiding the risk of hospitalization in dengue-naive individuals. Pre-vaccination screening strategies will benefit from rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) that are affordable, sensitive, and specific and can be used at the point of care (POC). The TPP described the minimum and ideal characteristics of a dengue pre-vaccination screening RDT with an emphasis on high specificity. The group also made suggestions for accelerating access to these RDTs through streamlining regulatory approval and policy development. Risk and benefit based on what can be achieved with RDTs meeting minimal and optimal characteristics in the TPP across a range of seroprevalences were defined. The final choice of RDTs in each country will depend on the performance of the RDT, dengue seroprevalence in the target population, tolerance of risk, and cost-effectiveness.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lactobacillus endocarditis: case report and review of cases reported since 1992.

Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Frank, Michael

The Journal of infection

2006 Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) e5–e10

Abstract: Lactobacillus is a rare cause of endocarditis with only 78 reported cases in the literature. We report a case of Lactobacillus endocarditis and review reported adult cases since the introduction of the Duke's criteria for endocarditis. An analysis is ... ...

Abstract	Lactobacillus is a rare cause of endocarditis with only 78 reported cases in the literature. We report a case of Lactobacillus endocarditis and review reported adult cases since the introduction of the Duke's criteria for endocarditis. An analysis is presented with a focus on outcomes. Mortality from reported cases of Lactobacillus endocarditis was found to have substantially improved since 1992. Surgical rates for persistent disease remain the same. Possible reasons for this improvement include better antibiotics, earlier recognition of cases, and more aggressive treatment regimens.
MeSH term(s)	Bacteremia/microbiology ; Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology ; Female ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; Lactobacillus acidophilus/isolation & purification ; Middle Aged
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	424417-5
ISSN	1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
ISSN (online)	1532-2742
ISSN	0163-4453
DOI	10.1016/j.jinf.2005.10.005
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Zs.MG 48: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Contamination of a blood culture with Shigella sonnei.

Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Wendt, Julia / Jacobs, Michael R

American journal of infection control

2008 Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 227–228

MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteremia/diagnosis ; Blood/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Klebsiella/isolation & purification ; Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification ; Specimen Handling ; Urine/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Letter
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.013
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Zs.A 1773: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Invasive trichosporonosis in an AIDS patient: case report and review of the literature.

Roman, Arthur Dessi E / Salvaña, Edsel Maurice T / Guzman-Peñamora, Mary Ann J De / Roxas, Evalyn A / Leyritana, Katerina T / Saniel, Mediadora C

International journal of STD & AIDS

2014 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 70–75

Abstract: Invasive Trichosporon infection is a rare, life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients. It has been reported as an emerging opportunistic infection in those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Only 12 cases of invasive ... ...

Abstract	Invasive Trichosporon infection is a rare, life-threatening infection in immunocompromised patients. It has been reported as an emerging opportunistic infection in those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Only 12 cases of invasive trichosporonosis in patients with HIV have been documented, none in Southeast Asia. We report a case of fatal, disseminated trichosporonosis in a Filipino AIDS patient with severe cutaneous and pulmonary involvement. Invasive trichosporonosis should be considered in HIV-positive patients with disseminated fungal infection since this may be refractory to conventional antifungal treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Dermatomycoses/complications ; Dermatomycoses/microbiology ; Dermatomycoses/pathology ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Male ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; Opportunistic Infections/microbiology ; Opportunistic Infections/pathology ; Trichosporon/isolation & purification ; Trichosporonosis/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Antifungal Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1018089-8
ISSN	1758-1052 ; 0956-4624
ISSN (online)	1758-1052
ISSN	0956-4624
DOI	10.1177/0956462413487716
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Article ; Online: Infectious complications associated with monoclonal antibodies and related small molecules.

Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Salata, Robert A

Clinical microbiology reviews

2009 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 274–90, Table of Contents

Abstract: Biologics are increasingly becoming part of routine disease management. As more agents are developed, the challenge of keeping track of indications and side effects is growing. While biologics represent a milestone in targeted and specific therapy, they ... ...

Abstract	Biologics are increasingly becoming part of routine disease management. As more agents are developed, the challenge of keeping track of indications and side effects is growing. While biologics represent a milestone in targeted and specific therapy, they are not without drawbacks, and the judicious use of these "magic bullets" is essential if their full potential is to be realized. Infectious complications in particular are not an uncommon side effect of therapy, whether as a direct consequence of the agent or because of the underlying disease process. With this in mind, we have reviewed and summarized the risks of infection and the infectious disease-related complications for all FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies and some related small molecules, and we discuss the probable mechanisms involved in immunosuppression as well as recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of specific disease entities.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Infections/drug therapy ; Infections/etiology ; Lung Diseases/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy ; Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-01-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	645015-5
ISSN	1098-6618 ; 0893-8512
ISSN (online)	1098-6618
ISSN	0893-8512
DOI	10.1128/CMR.00040-08
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