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Article ; Online: Inflammasomes and Pyroptosis as Therapeutic Targets for COVID-19.

Yap, Jeremy K Y / Moriyama, Miyu / Iwasaki, Akiko

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

2020 Volume 205, Issue 2, Page(s) 307–312

Abstract: The inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has a direct impact on the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Of the many innate immune pathways that are engaged by severe acute ... ...

Abstract	The inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has a direct impact on the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Of the many innate immune pathways that are engaged by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, we highlight the importance of the inflammasome pathway. We discuss available pharmaceutical agents that target a critical component of inflammasome activation, signaling leading to cellular pyroptosis, and the downstream cytokines as a promising target for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019-associated diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antiviral Agents/immunology ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/pathology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammasomes/drug effects ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pyroptosis/drug effects ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Signal Transduction ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents ; Inflammasomes ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; NLRC3 protein, human
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	3056-9
ISSN	1550-6606 ; 0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
ISSN (online)	1550-6606
ISSN	0022-1767 ; 1048-3233 ; 1047-7381
DOI	10.4049/jimmunol.2000513
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Article: Inflammasomes and Pyroptosis as Therapeutic Targets for COVID-19

Yap, Jeremy K Y / Moriyama, Miyu / Iwasaki, Akiko

J. immunol

Abstract	The inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has a direct impact on the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Of the many innate immune pathways that are engaged by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, we highlight the importance of the inflammasome pathway. We discuss available pharmaceutical agents that target a critical component of inflammasome activation, signaling leading to cellular pyroptosis, and the downstream cytokines as a promising target for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019-associated diseases.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32493814
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Piper sarmentosum

Chan, Elaine W L / Yeo, Emilia T Y / Wong, Kelly W L / See, Mun L / Wong, Ka Y / Yap, Jeremy K Y / Gan, Sook Y

Current Alzheimer research

2021 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 80–87

Abstract: Background: In Alzheimer's disease, accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) triggers amyloidogenesis and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein leading to neuronal cell death. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (PS) is a traditional medicinal herb used by Malay to treat ... ...

Abstract	Background: In Alzheimer's disease, accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) triggers amyloidogenesis and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein leading to neuronal cell death. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (PS) is a traditional medicinal herb used by Malay to treat rheumatism, headache and boost memory. It possesses various biological effects, such as anti-cholinergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-depressant-like effects. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate neuroprotective properties of PS against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and to evaluate its potential mechanism of action. Methods: Neuroprotective effects of hexane (HXN), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (MEOH) extracts from leaves (L) and roots (R) of PS against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity were investigated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Cells were pre-treated with PS for 24 h followed by 24 h of induction with Aβ. The neuroprotective effects of PS were studied using cell viability and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The levels of extracellular Aβ and tau proteins phosphorylated at threonine 231 (pT231) were determined. Gene and protein expressions were assessed using qRT-PCR analyses and western blot analyses, respectively. Results: Hexane extracts of PS (LHXN and RHXN) protected SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, and decreased levels of extracellular Aβ and phosphorylated tau (pT231). Although extracts of PS inhibited Aβ-induced ROS production, it was unlikely that neuroprotective effects were simply due to the anti-oxidant capacity of PS. Further, mechanistic study suggested that the neuroprotective effects of PS might be due to its capability to regulate amyloidogenesis through the downregulation of BACE and APP. Conclusion: These findings suggest that hexane extracts of PS confer neuroprotection against Aβ- induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by attenuating amyloidogenesis and tau hyperphosphorylation. Due to its neuroprotective properties, PS might be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-22
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2205170-3
ISSN	1875-5828 ; 1567-2050
ISSN (online)	1875-5828
ISSN	1567-2050
DOI	10.2174/1567205018666210324124239
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Article ; Online: The small molecule raptinal can simultaneously induce apoptosis and inhibit PANX1 activity.

Cell death & disease

2024 Volume 15, Issue 2, Page(s) 123

Abstract: Discovery of new small molecules that can activate distinct programmed cell death pathway is of significant interest as a research tool and for the development of novel therapeutics for pathological conditions such as cancer and infectious diseases. The ... ...

Abstract	Discovery of new small molecules that can activate distinct programmed cell death pathway is of significant interest as a research tool and for the development of novel therapeutics for pathological conditions such as cancer and infectious diseases. The small molecule raptinal was discovered as a pro-apoptotic compound that can rapidly trigger apoptosis by promoting the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and subsequently activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. As raptinal is very effective at inducing apoptosis in a variety of different cell types in vitro and in vivo, it has been used in many studies investigating cell death as well as the clearance of dying cells. While examining raptinal as an apoptosis inducer, we unexpectedly identified that in addition to its pro-apoptotic activities, raptinal can also inhibit the activity of caspase-activated Pannexin 1 (PANX1), a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane channel that regulates many cell death-associated processes. By implementing numerous biochemical, cell biological and electrophysiological approaches, we discovered that raptinal can simultaneously induce apoptosis and inhibit PANX1 activity. Surprisingly, raptinal was found to inhibit cleavage-activated PANX1 via a mechanism distinct to other well-described PANX1 inhibitors such as carbenoxolone and trovafloxacin. Furthermore, raptinal also interfered with PANX1-regulated apoptotic processes including the release of the 'find-me' signal ATP, the formation of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles, as well as NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Taken together, these data identify raptinal as the first compound that can simultaneously induce apoptosis and inhibit PANX1 channels. This has broad implications for the use of raptinal in cell death studies as well as in the development new PANX1 inhibitors.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Death ; Connexins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Connexins/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/pharmacology ; Fluorenes
Chemical Substances	Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; Connexins ; Cyclopentanes ; Fluorenes ; raptinal ; PANX1 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-024-06513-z
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Article ; Online: Diagnostic evaluation of RNA sequencing for the detection of genetic abnormalities associated with Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Yap, Kai Lee / Furtado, Larissa V / Kiyotani, Kazuma / Curran, Emily / Stock, Wendy / McNeer, Jennifer L / Kadri, Sabah / Segal, Jeremy P / Nakamura, Yusuke / Le Beau, Michelle M / Gurbuxani, Sandeep / Raca, Gordana

Leukemia & lymphoma

2016 Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 950–958

Abstract: Philadelphia (Ph)-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a molecular subtype of high-risk B-cell ALL characterized by formation of abnormal gene fusions involving tyrosine kinase (TK) and cytokine receptor genes and activation of TK signaling. ... ...

Abstract	Philadelphia (Ph)-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a molecular subtype of high-risk B-cell ALL characterized by formation of abnormal gene fusions involving tyrosine kinase (TK) and cytokine receptor genes and activation of TK signaling. Because of the diversity of associated genetic changes, the detection of Ph-like ALL cases currently requires multiple cytogenetic and molecular assays; thus, our goal was to develop a consolidated workflow for detecting genetic abnormalities in Ph-like ALL. We found that total and targeted RNA sequencing (RNAseq)-based approach allowed the detection of abnormal fusion transcripts (EBF1-PDGFRB, P2RY8-CRLF2, RCSD1-ABL1, and RCSD1-ABL2). The bioinformatics algorithm accurately detected the fusion transcripts without prior input about possible events. Additionally, we showed that RNAseq analysis enabled evaluation for disease-associated sequence variants in expressed transcripts. While total RNAseq can be a second tier approach allowing discovery of novel genetic alterations, the targeted RNAseq workflow offers a clinically applicable method for the detection of fusion transcripts.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Chromosome Breakpoints ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Translocation, Genetic ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl (EC 2.7.10.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1042374-6
ISSN	1029-2403 ; 1042-8194
ISSN (online)	1029-2403
ISSN	1042-8194
DOI	10.1080/10428194.2016.1219902
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Article: Panorganismal metabolic response modeling of an experimental Echinostoma caproni infection in the mouse.

Saric, Jasmina / Li, Jia V / Wang, Yulan / Keiser, Jennifer / Veselkov, Kirill / Dirnhofer, Stephan / Yap, Ivan K S / Nicholson, Jeremy K / Holmes, Elaine / Utzinger, Jürg

Journal of proteome research

2009 Volume 8, Issue 8, Page(s) 3899–3911

Abstract: Metabolic profiling of host tissues and biofluids during parasitic infections can reveal new biomarker information and aid the elucidation of mechanisms of disease. The multicompartmental metabolic effects of an experimental Echinostoma caproni infection ...

Abstract	Metabolic profiling of host tissues and biofluids during parasitic infections can reveal new biomarker information and aid the elucidation of mechanisms of disease. The multicompartmental metabolic effects of an experimental Echinostoma caproni infection have been characterized in 12 outbred female mice infected orally with 30 E. caproni metacercariae each, using a further 12 uninfected animals as a control group. Mice were killed 36 days postinfection and brain, intestine (colon, ileum, jejeunum), kidney, liver, and spleen were removed. Metabolic profiles of tissue samples were measured using high-resolution magic angle spinning (1)H NMR spectroscopy and biofluids measured by applying conventional (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Spectral data were analyzed via principal component analysis, partial least-squares-derived methods and hierarchical projection analyses. Infection-induced metabolic changes in the tissues were correlated with altered metabolite concentrations in the biofluids (urine, plasma, fecal water) using hierarchical modeling and correlation analyses. Metabolic descriptors of infection were identified in liver, renal cortex, intestinal tissues but not in spleen, brain or renal medulla. The main physiological change observed in the mouse was malabsorption in the small intestine, which was evidenced by decreased levels of various amino acids in the ileum, for example, alanine, taurine, glutamine, and branched chain amino acids. Furthermore, altered gut microbial activity or composition was reflected by increased levels of trimethylamine in the colon. Our modeling approach facilitated in-depth appraisal of the covariation of the metabolic profiles of different biological matrices and found that urine and plasma most closely reflected changes in ileal compartments. In conclusion, an E. caproni infection not only results in direct localized (ileum and jejenum) effects, but also causes remote metabolic changes (colon and several peripheral organs), and therefore describes the panorganismal metabolic response of the infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Body Fluids/chemistry ; Cluster Analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Echinostoma/metabolism ; Echinostomiasis/metabolism ; Echinostomiasis/parasitology ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Intestine, Large/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Principal Component Analysis ; Spleen/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-05-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2078618-9
ISSN	1535-3893
ISSN	1535-3893
DOI	10.1021/pr900185s
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Article: Topographical variation in murine intestinal metabolic profiles in relation to microbiome speciation and functional ecological activity.

Martin, Francois-Pierre J / Wang, Yulan / Yap, Ivan K S / Sprenger, Norbert / Lindon, John C / Rezzi, Serge / Kochhar, Sunil / Holmes, Elaine / Nicholson, Jeremy K

Journal of proteome research

2009 Volume 8, Issue 7, Page(s) 3464–3474

Abstract: Symbiotic gut microbes can have a significant influence on host health and disease etiology. Here, we assessed the effects of inoculating germfree mice with human baby microbiota (HBM, n=17) on the biochemical composition of intact intestinal tissues ( ... ...

Abstract	Symbiotic gut microbes can have a significant influence on host health and disease etiology. Here, we assessed the effects of inoculating germfree mice with human baby microbiota (HBM, n=17) on the biochemical composition of intact intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, proximal and distal colon) using magic-angle-spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy. We compared the HBM tissue metabolite profiles with those from conventional (n=9) and conventionalized (n=10) mice. Each topographical intestinal region showed a specific metabolic profile that was altered differentially by the various microbiomes, especially for osmolytes. In each animal model, duodenum had higher ethanolamine and myo-inositol, and ileum higher taurine and betaine than other gut regions. HBM mice showed lower taurine and myo-inositol in the colon, and all ex-germfree animals had higher taurine, choline and ethanolamine in the jejunum. Interestingly, the jejunum of HBM mice was marked by a higher glutathione level and lower concentrations of its precursor methionine when compared to other groups. Proximal and distal colon tissues were differentiated in the different microbiome models by the concentrations of bacterial products (higher in conventional animals). These studies show the depth of gut microbiome modulations of the intestinal biochemistry.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/chemistry ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Intestines/metabolism ; Jejunum/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Metabolome ; Metagenome ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Multivariate Analysis ; Osmotic Pressure ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteomics/methods ; Symbiosis
Chemical Substances	Bile Acids and Salts
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2078618-9
ISSN	1535-3893
ISSN	1535-3893
DOI	10.1021/pr900099x
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Article: Panorganismal gut microbiome-host metabolic crosstalk.

Martin, Francois-Pierre J / Sprenger, Norbert / Yap, Ivan K S / Wang, Yulan / Bibiloni, Rodrigo / Rochat, Florence / Rezzi, Serge / Cherbut, Christine / Kochhar, Sunil / Lindon, John C / Holmes, Elaine / Nicholson, Jeremy K

Journal of proteome research

2009 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 2090–2105

Abstract: Coevolution shapes interorganismal crosstalk leading to profound and diverse cellular and metabolic changes as observed in gut dysbiosis in human diseases. Here, we modulated a simplified gut microbiota using pro-, pre-, and synbiotics to assess the ... ...

Abstract	Coevolution shapes interorganismal crosstalk leading to profound and diverse cellular and metabolic changes as observed in gut dysbiosis in human diseases. Here, we modulated a simplified gut microbiota using pro-, pre-, and synbiotics to assess the depth of systemic metabolic exchanges in mice, using a multicompartmental modeling approach with metabolic signatures from 10 tissue/fluid compartments. The nutritionally induced microbial changes modulated host lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism at a panorganismal scale. Galactosyl-oligosaccharides reduced lipogenesis, triacylglycerol incorporation into lipoproteins and triglyceride concentration in the liver and the kidney. Those changes were not correlated with decreased plasma lipoproteins that were specifically induced by L. rhamnosus supplementation. Additional alteration of transmethylation metabolic pathways (homocysteine-betaine) was observed in the liver and the pancreas following pre- and synbiotic microbial modulation, which may be of interest for control of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Probiotics also reduced hepatic glycogen and glutamine and adrenal ascorbate with inferred effects on energy homeostasis, antioxidation, and steroidogenesis. These studies show the breadth and the depth of gut microbiome modulations of host biochemistry and reveal that major mammalian metabolic processes are under symbiotic homeostatic control.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver/microbiology ; Metabolome ; Metagenome ; Mice ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Probiotics/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2078618-9
ISSN	1535-3893
ISSN	1535-3893
DOI	10.1021/pr801068x
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Article: Metabonomic and microbiological analysis of the dynamic effect of vancomycin-induced gut microbiota modification in the mouse.

Yap, Ivan K S / Li, Jia V / Saric, Jasmina / Martin, Francois-Pierre / Davies, Huw / Wang, Yulan / Wilson, Ian D / Nicholson, Jeremy K / Utzinger, Jürg / Marchesi, Julian R / Holmes, Elaine

Journal of proteome research

2008 Volume 7, Issue 9, Page(s) 3718–3728

Abstract: The effects of the antibiotic vancomycin (2 x 100 mg/kg/day) on the gut microbiota of female mice (outbred NMRI strain) were studied, in order to assess the relative contribution of the gut microbiome to host metabolism. The host's metabolic phenotype ... ...

Abstract	The effects of the antibiotic vancomycin (2 x 100 mg/kg/day) on the gut microbiota of female mice (outbred NMRI strain) were studied, in order to assess the relative contribution of the gut microbiome to host metabolism. The host's metabolic phenotype was characterized using (1)H NMR spectroscopy of urine and fecal extract samples. Time-course changes in the gut microbiotal community after administration of vancomycin were monitored using 16S rRNA gene PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis and showed a strong effect on several species, mostly within the Firmicutes. Vancomycin treatment was associated with fecal excretion of uracil, amino acids and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), highlighting the contribution of the gut microbiota to the production and metabolism of these dietary compounds. Clear differences in gut microbial communities between control and antibiotic-treated mice were observed in the current study. Reduced urinary excretion of gut microbial co-metabolites phenylacetylglycine and hippurate was also observed. Regression of urinary hippurate and phenylacetylglycine concentrations against the fecal metabolite profile showed a strong association between these urinary metabolites and a wide range of fecal metabolites, including amino acids and SCFAs. Fecal choline was inversely correlated with urinary hippurate. Metabolic profiling, coupled with the metagenomic study of this antibiotic model, illustrates the close inter-relationship between the host and microbial "metabotypes", and will provide a basis for further experiments probing the understanding of the microbial-mammalian metabolic axis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; DNA Primers ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives ; Glycine/urine ; Hippurates/urine ; Intestines/microbiology ; Mice ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Urine ; Vancomycin/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; DNA Primers ; Hippurates ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; phenylacetylglycine (500-98-1) ; Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU) ; hippuric acid (TE0865N2ET) ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2078618-9
ISSN	1535-3893
ISSN	1535-3893
DOI	10.1021/pr700864x
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Article: Transgenomic metabolic interactions in a mouse disease model: interactions of Trichinella spiralis infection with dietary Lactobacillus paracasei supplementation.

Martin, Francois-Pierre J / Verdu, Elena F / Wang, Yulan / Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel / Yap, Ivan K S / Cloarec, Olivier / Bergonzelli, Gabriela E / Corthesy-Theulaz, Irene / Kochhar, Sunil / Holmes, Elaine / Lindon, John C / Collins, Stephen M / Nicholson, Jeremy K

Journal of proteome research

2006 Volume 5, Issue 9, Page(s) 2185–2193

Abstract: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common multifactorial intestinal disorder for which the aetiology remains largely undefined. Here, we have used a Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis)-induced model of post-infective IBS, and the effects of probiotic ... ...

Abstract	Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common multifactorial intestinal disorder for which the aetiology remains largely undefined. Here, we have used a Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis)-induced model of post-infective IBS, and the effects of probiotic bacteria on gut dysfunction have been investigated using a metabonomic strategy. A total of 44 mice were divided into four groups: an uninfected control group and three T. spiralis-infected groups, one as infected control and the two other groups subsequently treated with either Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei) NCC2461 in spent culture medium (SCM) or with L. paracasei-free SCM. Plasma, jejunal wall and longitudinal myenteric muscle samples were collected at day 21 post-infection. An NMR-based metabonomic approach characterized that the plasma metabolic profile of T. spiralis-infected mice showed an increased energy metabolism (lactate, citrate, alanine), fat mobilization (acetoacetate, 3-D-hydroxybutyrate, lipoproteins) and a disruption of amino acid metabolism due to increased protein breakdown, which were related to the intestinal hypercontractility. Increased levels of taurine, creatine and glycerophosphorylcholine in the jejunal muscles were associated with the muscular hypertrophy and disrupted jejunal functions. L. paracasei treatment normalized the muscular activity and the disturbed energy metabolism as evidenced by decreased glycogenesis and elevated lipid breakdown in comparison with untreated T. spiralis-infected mice. Changes in the levels of plasma metabolites (glutamine, lysine, methionine) that might relate to a modulation of immunological responses were also observed in the presence of the probiotic treatment. The work presented here suggests that probiotics may be beneficial in patients with IBS.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acids/blood ; Animals ; Blood Proteins/analysis ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy ; Lactobacillus/metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Trichinella spiralis ; Trichinellosis/blood ; Trichinellosis/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Blood Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2078618-9
ISSN	1535-3893
ISSN	1535-3893
DOI	10.1021/pr060157b
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