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Article ; Online: Non-invasive sensor technology for prehospital stroke diagnosis: Current status and future directions.

Walsh, Kyle B

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society

2019 Volume 14, Issue 6, Page(s) 592–602

Abstract: Background: The diagnosis of stroke in the prehospital environment is the subject of intense interest and research. There are a number of non-invasive external brain monitoring devices in development that utilize various technologies to function as ... ...

Abstract	Background: The diagnosis of stroke in the prehospital environment is the subject of intense interest and research. There are a number of non-invasive external brain monitoring devices in development that utilize various technologies to function as sensors for stroke and other neurological conditions. Future increased use of one or more of these devices could result in substantial changes in the current processes for stroke diagnosis and treatment, including transportation of stroke patients by emergency medical services. Aims: The present review will summarize information about 10 stroke sensor devices currently in development, utilizing various forms of technology, and all of which are external, non-invasive brain monitoring devices. Summary of review: Ten devices are discussed including the technology utilized, the indications for use (stroke and, when relevant, other neurological conditions), the environment(s) indicated for use (with a focus on the prehospital setting), a description of the physical structure of each instrument, and, when available, findings that have been published in peer-reviewed journals or otherwise reported. The review is organized based on the technology utilized by each device, and seven distinct forms were identified: accelerometers, electroencephalography (EEG), microwaves, near-infrared, radiofrequency, transcranial doppler ultrasound, and volumetric impedance phase shift spectroscopy. Conclusions: Non-invasive external brain monitoring devices are in various stages of development and have promise as stroke sensors in the prehospital setting. Some of the potential applications include to differentiate stroke from non-stroke, ischemic from hemorrhage stroke, and large vessel occlusion (LVO) from non-LVO ischemic stroke. Successful stroke diagnosis prior to hospital arrival could transform the current diagnostic and treatment paradigm for this disease.
MeSH term(s)	Emergency Medical Services/methods ; Humans ; Neurophysiological Monitoring/methods ; Stroke/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2303728-3
ISSN	1747-4949 ; 1747-4930
ISSN (online)	1747-4949
ISSN	1747-4930
DOI	10.1177/1747493019866621
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Article ; Online: Diet and risk of glioma: targets for prevention remain elusive.

Walsh, Kyle M / Claus, Elizabeth B

Neuro-oncology

2019 Volume 21, Issue 7, Page(s) 832–833

MeSH term(s)	Brain Neoplasms ; Diet ; Glioma ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2028601-6
ISSN	1523-5866 ; 1522-8517
ISSN (online)	1523-5866
ISSN	1522-8517
DOI	10.1093/neuonc/noz074
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Article ; Online: Knockdown of the Non-canonical Wnt Gene Prickle2 Leads to Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Abnormalities While Cerebellar-Mediated Behaviors Remain Intact.

Abbott, Parker W / Hardie, Jason B / Walsh, Kyle P / Nessler, Aaron J / Farley, Sean J / Freeman, John H / Wemmie, John A / Wendt, Linder / Kim, Young-Cho / Sowers, Levi P / Parker, Krystal L

Cerebellum (London, England)

2024

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) involve brain wide abnormalities that contribute to a constellation of symptoms including behavioral inflexibility, cognitive dysfunction, learning impairments, altered social interactions, and perceptive time difficulties. ...

Abstract	Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) involve brain wide abnormalities that contribute to a constellation of symptoms including behavioral inflexibility, cognitive dysfunction, learning impairments, altered social interactions, and perceptive time difficulties. Although a single genetic variation does not cause ASD, genetic variations such as one involving a non-canonical Wnt signaling gene, Prickle2, has been found in individuals with ASD. Previous work looking into phenotypes of Prickle2 knock-out (Prickle2
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2112586-7
ISSN	1473-4230 ; 1473-4222
ISSN (online)	1473-4230
ISSN	1473-4222
DOI	10.1007/s12311-023-01648-9
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Article ; Online: Physician, patient, and caregiver support for a formal certification in pediatric neuro-oncology: A survey-based report from the SNO pediatrics working group.

Lindsay, Holly B / Cheng, Sylvia / Fisher, Paul Graham / Peters, Katherine B / Walsh, Kyle M / Ashley, David M / Huang, Annie

Neuro-oncology advances

2023 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) vdad130

Abstract: Background: Although CNS tumors are the most common pediatric cancer in the United States, most physicians caring for these patients are not formally certified in the subspecialty. To determine support for developing a formal certification process in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although CNS tumors are the most common pediatric cancer in the United States, most physicians caring for these patients are not formally certified in the subspecialty. To determine support for developing a formal certification process in pediatric neuro-oncology, the Society for Neuro-Oncology's Pediatrics Special Interest Track Training and Credentialing working group performed a cross-sectional survey-based study of physicians and patients/caregivers of children with a CNS tumor history. Methods: Surveys were built in Survey Monkey and were available for 3 months. The physician survey had 34 questions and was open to doctors currently caring for pediatric neuro-oncology patients. The patient/caregiver survey had 13 questions. Both surveys were completed anonymously. Results: The physician survey was completed by 193 participants, the majority of whom self-identified as oncologists. Only 5.6% of survey participants had ever been board-certified in neuro-oncology; the majority of participating physicians were either unaware that this certification existed or thought they were not eligible due to training in pediatrics rather than neurology or internal medicine. Almost half of the self-identified pediatric neuro-oncologists had not completed any specific clinical neuro-oncology training. Over 75% of physicians were supportive of the implementation of a formal certification process in pediatric neuro-oncology. A total of 30 participants completed the patient/caregiver survey. Although the majority of survey participants were highly satisfied with their oncologist, 70% would have been more comfortable if their oncologist had been specifically certified in pediatric neuro-oncology. Conclusions: There is support from physicians, patients, and caregivers to establish a formal certification process in pediatric neuro-oncology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3009682-0
ISSN	2632-2498 ; 2632-2498
ISSN (online)	2632-2498
ISSN	2632-2498
DOI	10.1093/noajnl/vdad130
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Article: Coexisting Biopsy-Diagnosed Dementia and Glioblastoma.

Fetcko-Fayad, Kaleigh / Batich, Kristen / Reitman, Zachary J / Walsh, Kyle M / Chamberlin, Gregory / Smith, Vanessa / Jones, Karra / Cummings, Thomas / Peters, Katherine B

Brain sciences

2024 Volume 14, Issue 2

Abstract: Both glioblastoma (GBM) and dementia are devastating diseases with limited treatments that are usually not curative. Having clinically diagnosed dementia with an associated biopsy-proven etiology and a coexisting GBM diagnosis is a rare occurrence. The ... ...

Abstract	Both glioblastoma (GBM) and dementia are devastating diseases with limited treatments that are usually not curative. Having clinically diagnosed dementia with an associated biopsy-proven etiology and a coexisting GBM diagnosis is a rare occurrence. The relationship between the development of neurodegenerative dementia and GBM is unclear, as there are conflicting reports in the literature. We present two cases of simultaneous biopsy-proven dementia, one with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and GBM, and one with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and GBM. We discuss how these diseases may be associated. Whether one pathologic process begins first or develops concurrently is unknown, but certain molecular pathways of dementia and GBM appear directly related while others inversely related. Further investigations of these close molecular relationships between dementia and GBM could lead to development of improved diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for both diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci14020143
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Article ; Online: Maternal Prenatal Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illicit Drugs and Associations with Childhood Cancer Subtypes.

Wimberly, Courtney E / Gulrajani, Natalie B / Russ, Jeffrey B / Landi, Daniel / Wiemels, Joseph L / Towry, Lisa / Wiencke, John K / Walsh, Kyle M

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology

2023 Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 347–354

Abstract: Background: The association between childhood cancer risk and maternal prenatal substance use/abuse remains uncertain due to modest sample sizes and heterogeneous study designs.: Methods: We surveyed parents of children with cancer regarding maternal ...

Abstract	Background: The association between childhood cancer risk and maternal prenatal substance use/abuse remains uncertain due to modest sample sizes and heterogeneous study designs. Methods: We surveyed parents of children with cancer regarding maternal gestational use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs, using a Likert-type scale, and demographic, perinatal, and clinical variables. Multivariable log-Poisson regression assessed differences in frequency of prenatal substance use across fifteen childhood cancer subtypes, adjusting for birthweight, gestational age, and demographic factors. Results: Respondents from 3,145 unique families completed the survey (92% biological mothers). A minority reported gestational use of tobacco products (14%), illicit drugs including marijuana or cocaine (4%), or more than a moderate amount of alcohol (2%). Prenatal illicit drug use was associated with increased prevalence of intracranial embryonal tumors [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.94; confidence interval [CI], 1.05-3.58], including medulloblastoma (PR = 1.82) and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET; PR = 2.66), and was also associated with retinoblastoma (PR = 3.11; CI, 1.20-8.08). Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption was strongly associated with elevated prevalence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PR = 5.94; CI, 1.84-19.21). Prenatal smoking was not associated with elevated prevalence of any childhood cancer subtype. Conclusions: We identify novel associations between illicit drug use during pregnancy and increased prevalence of nonglioma central nervous system tumors, including medulloblastoma, supratentorial PNETs, and retinoblastoma. Gestational exposure to alcohol was positively associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Impact: Although alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy has declined, gestational cannabis use has risen. Investigating its impact on neurodevelopment and brain tumorigenesis is vital, with important implications for childhood cancer research and public health education.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cannabis ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; Illicit Drugs/adverse effects ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Medulloblastoma ; Retinal Neoplasms ; Retinoblastoma ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Tobacco Use/adverse effects ; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Chemical Substances	Illicit Drugs
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1153420-5
ISSN	1538-7755 ; 1055-9965
ISSN (online)	1538-7755
ISSN	1055-9965
DOI	10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-23-1027
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Article ; Online: What is the Burden of Proof for Tumor Mutational Burden in gliomas?

Khasraw, Mustafa / Walsh, Kyle M / Heimberger, Amy B / Ashley, David M

Neuro-oncology

2020

Abstract: The treatment of patients with a variety of solid tumors has benefitted from immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted ... ...

Abstract	The treatment of patients with a variety of solid tumors has benefitted from immune checkpoint inhibition targeting the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval of PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with TMB-high (TMB-H), solid tumors that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no other treatment options, including the extension to tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS). In general, pan-cancer approvals are viewed positively to empower patients and clinicians. There are subsets (eg, BRAF, NTRK) for which this pathway for approval is appropriate. However, the pan-cancer FDA approval of pembrolizumab raises several concerns regarding the generalizability of the evidence to other tumor types, including managing patients with gliomas and other CNS tumors. The cut off for TMB-H is not well defined. There are intrinsic immunological differences between gliomas and other cancers types, including the immunosuppressive glioma microenvironment, the tumor's effects on systemic immune function, and the transformation of the T cell populations to an exhausted phenotype in glioma. Here we address the caveats with pan-cancer approvals concerning gliomas, complexities of the unique CNS immune environment, and discuss potential predictive biomarkers, including TMB, and explain why the recent approval should be applied with caution in CNS tumors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028601-6
ISSN	1523-5866 ; 1522-8517
ISSN (online)	1523-5866
ISSN	1522-8517
DOI	10.1093/neuonc/noaa256
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Article: Somatic cancer driver mutations are enriched and associated with inflammatory states in Alzheimer's disease microglia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss and pathological accumulation of the misfolded proteins amyloid-β and ... ...

Abstract	Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss and pathological accumulation of the misfolded proteins amyloid-β and tau
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.01.03.574078
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Article: In utero human cytomegalovirus infection expands NK cell-like FcγRIII-expressing CD8+ T cells that mediate antibody-dependent functions.

Semmes, Eleanor C / Nettere, Danielle R / Nelson, Ashley N / Hurst, Jillian H / Cain, Derek / Burt, Trevor D / Kurtzberg, Joanne / Reeves, R Keith / Coyne, Carolyn B / Fouda, Genevieve G / Pollara, Justin / Permar, Sallie R / Walsh, Kyle M

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2023

Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) profoundly modulates host T and natural killer (NK) cells across the lifespan, expanding unique effector cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Though HCMV is the most common congenital infection worldwide, how this ... ...

Abstract	Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) profoundly modulates host T and natural killer (NK) cells across the lifespan, expanding unique effector cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Though HCMV is the most common congenital infection worldwide, how this ubiquitous herpesvirus impacts developing fetal T and NK cells remains unclear. Using computational flow cytometry and transcriptome profiling of cord blood from neonates with and without congenital HCMV (cCMV) infection, we identify major shifts in fetal cellular immunity marked by an expansion of Fcγ receptor III (FcγRIII)-expressing CD8+ T cells (FcRT) following HCMV exposure in utero. FcRT cells from cCMV-infected neonates express a cytotoxic NK cell-like transcriptome and mediate antigen-specific antibody-dependent functions including degranulation and IFNγ production, the hallmarks of NK cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). FcRT cells may represent a previously unappreciated effector population with innate-like functions that could be harnessed for maternal-infant vaccination strategies and antibody-based therapeutics in early life.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.09.08.23295279
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Article ; Online: Trends Over Time in Stroke Incidence by Race in the Greater Cincinnati Northern Kentucky Stroke Study.

Neurology

2024 Volume 102, Issue 3, Page(s) e208077

Abstract: Background and objectives: Understanding the current status of and temporal trends of stroke epidemiology by age, race, and stroke subtype is critical to evaluate past prevention efforts and to plan future interventions to eliminate existing inequities. ...

Abstract	Background and objectives: Understanding the current status of and temporal trends of stroke epidemiology by age, race, and stroke subtype is critical to evaluate past prevention efforts and to plan future interventions to eliminate existing inequities. We investigated trends in stroke incidence and case fatality over a 22-year time period. Methods: In this population-based stroke surveillance study, all cases of stroke in acute care hospitals within a 5-county population of southern Ohio/northern Kentucky in adults aged ≥20 years were ascertained during a full year every 5 years from 1993 to 2015. Temporal trends in stroke epidemiology were evaluated by age, race (Black or White), and subtype (ischemic stroke [IS], intracranial hemorrhage [ICH], or subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH]). Stroke incidence rates per 100,000 individuals from 1993 to 2015 were calculated using US Census data and age-standardized, race-standardized, and sex-standardized as appropriate. Thirty-day case fatality rates were also reported. Results: Incidence rates for stroke of any type and IS decreased in the combined population and among White individuals (any type, per 100,000, 215 [95% CI 204-226] in 1993/4 to 170 [95% CI 161-179] in 2015, Discussion: Stroke incidence is decreasing over time in both Black and White adults, an encouraging trend in the burden of cerebrovascular disease in the US population. Unfortunately, however, Black:White disparities have not decreased over a 22-year period, especially among younger and middle-aged adults, suggesting the need for more effective interventions to eliminate inequities by race.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kentucky/epidemiology ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Ohio/epidemiology ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/epidemiology ; Ischemic Stroke
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000208077
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