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Article ; Online: Reduced Perceived Trustworthiness during Face Mask Wearing.

Gabrieli, Giulio / Esposito, Gianluca

European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education

2021 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 1474–1484

Abstract: To curb the diffusion of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), governments worldwide have introduced different policies, including lockdowns, social distancing, and mandatory mask wearing. Face mask wearing, especially, has an impact on the formation of ... ...

Abstract	To curb the diffusion of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), governments worldwide have introduced different policies, including lockdowns, social distancing, and mandatory mask wearing. Face mask wearing, especially, has an impact on the formation of first impressions, given that when meeting someone for the first time, individuals rely on the only available piece of information, the newly met person's aesthetic appearance, in order to make initial estimations of other traits, such as competence, intelligence, or trustworthiness. However, face mask wearing affects the aesthetic appearance of an individual, creating uncertainty which, in turn, has been reported to reduce others' perceived trustworthiness. In this paper, the influence of face mask wearing on strangers' perceived trustworthiness and aesthetic appearance is assessed to verify the impact of this policy on impression formation. Participants (N = 71) have been instructed to assess the trustworthiness and the aesthetic appearance of a selection of 96 images depicting individuals of different ages (children, adults, and older adults), gender (men and women), and ethnicity (Asians or Caucasians). Participants were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Participants in the experimental group (N = 38) rated faces of individuals wearing a face mask, while participants in the control group rated the same faces but in the absence of a face mask. Images were presented in random order. For each face, participants were asked to rate the aesthetic appearance and perceived trustworthiness of the stranger on two different 100-point Likert scales. Results demonstrate that (i) the correlation between perceived trustworthiness and aesthetic appearance is not affected by the presence of a face mask, and (ii) age, but not ethnicity and gender, influences the magnitude of differences in perceived trustworthiness levels during mask wearing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3041279-1
ISSN	2254-9625 ; 2174-8144
ISSN (online)	2254-9625
ISSN	2174-8144
DOI	10.3390/ejihpe11040105
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A Machine Learning Perspective on fNIRS Signal Quality Control Approaches.

Bizzego, Andrea / Neoh, Michelle / Gabrieli, Giulio / Esposito, Gianluca

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

2022 Volume 30, Page(s) 2292–2300

Abstract: Despite a rise in the use of functional Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study neural systems, fNIRS signal processing is not standardized and is highly affected by empirical and manual procedures. At the beginning of any signal processing ... ...

Abstract	Despite a rise in the use of functional Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study neural systems, fNIRS signal processing is not standardized and is highly affected by empirical and manual procedures. At the beginning of any signal processing procedure, Signal Quality Control (SQC) is critical to prevent errors and unreliable results. In fNIRS analysis, SQC currently relies on applying empirical thresholds to handcrafted Signal Quality Indicators (SQIs). In this study, we use a dataset of fNIRS signals (N = 1,340) recorded from 67 subjects, and manually label the signal quality of a subset of segments (N = 548) to investigate the pitfalls of current practices while exploring the opportunities provided by Deep Learning approaches. We show that SQIs statistically discriminate signals with bad quality, but the identification by means of empirical thresholds lacks sensitivity. Alternatively to manual thresholding, conventional machine learning models based on the SQIs have been proven more accurate, with end-to-end approaches, based on Convolutional Neural Networks, capable of further improving the performance. The proposed approach, based on machine learning, represents a more objective SQC for fNIRS and moves towards the use of fully automated and standardized procedures.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Machine Learning ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Quality Control ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1166307-8
ISSN	1558-0210 ; 1063-6528 ; 1534-4320
ISSN (online)	1558-0210
ISSN	1063-6528 ; 1534-4320
DOI	10.1109/TNSRE.2022.3198110
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Article ; Online: Reduced Perceived Trustworthiness during Face Mask Wearing

Giulio Gabrieli / Gianluca Esposito

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, Vol 11, Iss 105, Pp 1474-

2021 Volume 1484

Abstract	To curb the diffusion of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), governments worldwide have introduced different policies, including lockdowns, social distancing, and mandatory mask wearing. Face mask wearing, especially, has an impact on the formation of first impressions, given that when meeting someone for the first time, individuals rely on the only available piece of information, the newly met person’s aesthetic appearance, in order to make initial estimations of other traits, such as competence, intelligence, or trustworthiness. However, face mask wearing affects the aesthetic appearance of an individual, creating uncertainty which, in turn, has been reported to reduce others’ perceived trustworthiness. In this paper, the influence of face mask wearing on strangers’ perceived trustworthiness and aesthetic appearance is assessed to verify the impact of this policy on impression formation. Participants (N = 71) have been instructed to assess the trustworthiness and the aesthetic appearance of a selection of 96 images depicting individuals of different ages (children, adults, and older adults), gender (men and women), and ethnicity (Asians or Caucasians). Participants were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Participants in the experimental group (N = 38) rated faces of individuals wearing a face mask, while participants in the control group rated the same faces but in the absence of a face mask. Images were presented in random order. For each face, participants were asked to rate the aesthetic appearance and perceived trustworthiness of the stranger on two different 100-point Likert scales. Results demonstrate that (i) the correlation between perceived trustworthiness and aesthetic appearance is not affected by the presence of a face mask, and (ii) age, but not ethnicity and gender, influences the magnitude of differences in perceived trustworthiness levels during mask wearing.
Keywords	halo effect ; aesthetic appearance ; trustworthiness ; face mask ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Psychology ; BF1-990
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Asociación Universitaria de Educación
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: An Analysis of the Generalizability and Stability of the Halo Effect During the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak.

Gabrieli, Giulio / Lee, Albert / Setoh, Peipei / Esposito, Gianluca

Frontiers in psychology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 631871

Abstract: The influence on the global evaluation of a person based on the perception of a single trait is a phenomenon widely investigated in social psychology. Widely regarded ... ...

Abstract	The influence on the global evaluation of a person based on the perception of a single trait is a phenomenon widely investigated in social psychology. Widely regarded as
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631871
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Neural Processing of Sexist Comments: Associations between Perceptions of Sexism and Prefrontal Activity.

Neoh, Michelle Jin Yee / Bizzego, Andrea / Teng, Jia Hui / Gabrieli, Giulio / Esposito, Gianluca

Brain sciences

2023 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: Sexism is a widespread form of gender discrimination which includes remarks based on gender stereotypes. However, little is known about the neural basis underlying the experience of sexist-related comments and how perceptions of sexism are related to ... ...

Abstract	Sexism is a widespread form of gender discrimination which includes remarks based on gender stereotypes. However, little is known about the neural basis underlying the experience of sexist-related comments and how perceptions of sexism are related to these neural processes. The present study investigated whether perceptions of sexism influence neural processing of receiving sexist-related comments. Participants (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci13040529
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Culture and the assumptions about appearance and reality: a scientometric look at a century of research.

Carollo, Alessandro / Stanzione, Alfonso Maria / Fong, Seraphina / Gabrieli, Giulio / Lee, Albert / Esposito, Gianluca

Frontiers in psychology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1140298

Abstract: Introduction: People represent the world in terms of two constructs: how something appears on the surface (appearance) and what it is underneath that surface (reality). Both constructs are central to various bodies of literature. What has not been done, ...

Abstract	Introduction: People represent the world in terms of two constructs: how something appears on the surface (appearance) and what it is underneath that surface (reality). Both constructs are central to various bodies of literature. What has not been done, however, is a systematic look at this collection of literature for overarching themes. Motivated by this research gap, the present scientometric review aimed to identify the common themes that penetrate through a century of scholarly work on appearance and reality. In doing so, this review also sketched a scientometric outline of the international network, pinpointing where the work was carried out. Methods: With CiteSpace software, we computed an optimized document co-citation analysis with a sample of 4,771 documents (1929-2022), resulting in a network of 1,785 nodes. Results and discussion: We identified impactful publications, summarized major intellectual movements, and identified five thematic clusters ("Perception of Counseling Services", "Appearance and Reality in Sociocultural Evolution," "Cultural Heritage and Identity," "Media and Culture," and "Cultural Identity"), all with theoretical and pragmatic implications which we discuss. A deeper look at these clusters reveals new empirical questions and promising directions for future research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1140298
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Dataset of parent-child hyperscanning functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings.

Bizzego, Andrea / Gabrieli, Giulio / Azhari, Atiqah / Lim, Mengyu / Esposito, Gianluca

Scientific data

2022 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 625

Abstract: The term "hyperscanning" refers to the simultaneous recording of multiple individuals' brain activity. As a methodology, hyperscanning allows the investigation of brain-to-brain synchrony. Despite being a promising technique, there is a limited number of ...

Abstract	The term "hyperscanning" refers to the simultaneous recording of multiple individuals' brain activity. As a methodology, hyperscanning allows the investigation of brain-to-brain synchrony. Despite being a promising technique, there is a limited number of publicly available functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning recordings. In this paper, we report a dataset of fNIRS recordings from the prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity of 33 mother-child dyads and 29 father-child dyads. Data was recorded while the parent-child dyads participated in an experiment with two sessions: a passive video attention task and a free play session. Dyadic metadata, parental psychological traits, behavioural annotations of the play sessions and information about the video stimuli complementing the dataset of fNIRS signals are described. The dataset presented here can be used to design, implement, and test novel fNIRS analysis techniques, new hyperscanning analysis tools, as well as investigate the PFC activity in participants of different ages when they engage in passive viewing tasks and active interactive tasks.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Brain ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Parent-Child Relations ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Dataset ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2775191-0
ISSN	2052-4463 ; 2052-4463
ISSN (online)	2052-4463
ISSN	2052-4463
DOI	10.1038/s41597-022-01751-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Hacking Trust: The Presence of Faces on Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) Affects Trustworthiness.

Gabrieli, Giulio / Ng, Sarah / Esposito, Gianluca

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 6

Abstract: Trustworthiness is a core concept that drives individuals' interaction with others, as well with objects and digital interfaces. The perceived trustworthiness of strangers from the evaluation of their faces has been widely studies in social psychology; ... ...

Abstract	Trustworthiness is a core concept that drives individuals' interaction with others, as well with objects and digital interfaces. The perceived trustworthiness of strangers from the evaluation of their faces has been widely studies in social psychology; however, little is known about the possibility of transferring trustworthiness from human faces to other individuals, objects or interfaces. In this study, we explore how the perceived trustworthiness of automated teller machines (ATMs) is influenced by the presence of faces on the machines, and how the trustworthiness of the faces themselves is transferred to the machine. In our study, participants (N = 57) rated the trustworthiness of ATMs on which faces of different age, gender, and ethnicity are placed. Subsequently, the trustworthiness of the ATMs is compared to the trustworthiness ratings of faces presented on their own. Results of our works support the idea that faces' trustworthiness can be transferred to objects on which faces are presented. Moreover, the trustworthiness of ATMs seems to be influenced by the age of presented faces, with ATMs on which children faces are presented are trusted more than the same machines when adults' or elders' faces are presented, but not by the ethnicity (Asian or Caucasian) or gender (male or female) of presented faces.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs11060091
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Deep Neural Networks and Transfer Learning on a Multivariate Physiological Signal Dataset.

Bizzego, Andrea / Gabrieli, Giulio / Esposito, Gianluca

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 8, Issue 3

Abstract: While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Transfer Learning (TL) have greatly contributed to several medical and clinical disciplines, the application to multivariate physiological datasets is still limited. Current examples mainly focus on one physiological ...

Abstract	While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and Transfer Learning (TL) have greatly contributed to several medical and clinical disciplines, the application to multivariate physiological datasets is still limited. Current examples mainly focus on one physiological signal and can only utilise applications that are customised for that specific measure, thus it limits the possibility of transferring the trained DNN to other domains. In this study, we composed a dataset (n=813) of six different types of physiological signals (Electrocardiogram, Electrodermal activity, Electromyogram, Photoplethysmogram, Respiration and Acceleration). Signals were collected from 232 subjects using four different acquisition devices. We used a DNN to classify the type of physiological signal and to demonstrate how the TL approach allows the exploitation of the efficiency of DNNs in other domains. After the DNN was trained to optimally classify the type of signal, the features that were automatically extracted by the DNN were used to classify the type of device used for the acquisition using a Support Vector Machine. The dataset, the code and the trained parameters of the DNN are made publicly available to encourage the adoption of DNN and TL in applications with multivariate physiological signals.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2746191-9
ISSN	2306-5354
ISSN	2306-5354
DOI	10.3390/bioengineering8030035
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influences of Social Distancing and attachment styles on the strength of the Halo Effect.

Gabrieli, Giulio / Lim, Yun Yee / Esposito, Gianluca

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 8, Page(s) e0256364

Abstract: The Halo Effect is a widely studied phenomenon that interests multiple disciplines. The relationship between Aesthetics Appearance and perceived Trustworthiness has especially gathered the attention of social scientists. While experimental works compared ...

Abstract	The Halo Effect is a widely studied phenomenon that interests multiple disciplines. The relationship between Aesthetics Appearance and perceived Trustworthiness has especially gathered the attention of social scientists. While experimental works compared the strength of the Halo Effect in different situations (e.g. different genders' faces), little is known about the stability of the Halo. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been urged to distance ourselves from others. Similar suggestions may alter the relationship between Aesthetic Appearance and Perceived Trustworthiness. Moreover, previous works reported that individuals' attachment styles affected their emotional responses to the pandemic. Individuals' attachment styles may influence the magnitude of change of the Halo. Here we investigate how priming (Social Distancing or Contact with others) affects the strength of the Halo Effect, with respect to individuals' attachment styles. Participants (N = 298) rated the Aesthetics and Perceived Trustworthiness of strangers' faces (N = 96) presented twice, before and after the presentation of a prime. Results revealed that individuals' attachment styles affect the strength of the Halo. However, we found no evidence supporting the fact that different attachment styles lead to differences in the magnitude of changes after priming. Results help shed light on how attachment styles influence individuals' impression formation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/virology ; Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic ; Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Personality ; Physical Distancing ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0256364
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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