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  1. Article ; Online: Investigating Dynamic High-Order Interactions in Physiological Networks through Predictive Information Decomposition.

    Faes, Luca / Mijatovic, Gorana / Sparacino, Laura / Antonacci, Yuri / Marinazzo, Daniele / Stramaglia, Sebastiano

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

    2023  Volume 2023, Page(s) 1–4

    Abstract: We present an approach to assess redundant and synergistic interactions in network systems via the information-theoretic analysis of multivariate physiological processes. The approach sets up a strategy to decompose the information shared between the ... ...

    Abstract We present an approach to assess redundant and synergistic interactions in network systems via the information-theoretic analysis of multivariate physiological processes. The approach sets up a strategy to decompose the information shared between the present states of a group of random processes and their own past states into unique contributions arising from the past of subgroups of processes and redundant and synergistic contributions arising from the dynamic interaction among the subgroups. The method is illustrated in a theoretical example of linearly interacting Gaussian processes, showing that redundancy and synergy are related mostly to unidirectional coupling and to bidirectional coupling with internal dynamics. It is then applied to the network of short-term heart period, arterial pressure and respiratory variability probed in healthy subjects, showing that redundancy and synergy prevail respectively in cardiorespiratory interactions and in cardiovascular interactions in the resting state, and that postural stress increases the predictive information and the redundancy of physiological interactions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Heart/physiology ; Cardiovascular System ; Arterial Pressure
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2694-0604
    ISSN (online) 2694-0604
    DOI 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340690
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Exploring the Short-Term Memory of Heart Rate Variability through Model-Free Information Measures.

    Mijatovic, Gorana / Bara, Chiara / Pernice, Riccardo / Loncar-Turukalo, Tatjana / Nollo, Giandomenico / Faes, Luca

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

    2023  Volume 2023, Page(s) 1–4

    Abstract: In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of discrete- and continuous-time estimators of information-theoretic measures quantifying the concept of memory utilization in short-term heart rate variability (HRV). Specifically, considering heartbeat ... ...

    Abstract In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of discrete- and continuous-time estimators of information-theoretic measures quantifying the concept of memory utilization in short-term heart rate variability (HRV). Specifically, considering heartbeat intervals in discrete time we compute the measure of information storage (IS) and decompose it into immediate memory utilization (IMU) and longer memory utilization (MU) terms; considering the timings of heartbeats in continuous time we compute the measure of MU rate (MUR). All measures are computed through model-free approaches based on nearest neighbor entropy estimators applied to the HRV series of a group of 15 healthy subjects measured at rest and during postural stress. We find, moving from rest to stress, statistically significant increases of the IS and the IMU, as well as of the MUR. Our results suggest that both discrete-time and continuous-time approaches can detect the higher predictive capacity of HRV occurring with postural stress, and that such increased memory utilization is due to fast mechanisms likely related to sympathetic activation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Memory, Short-Term ; Entropy ; Healthy Volunteers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2694-0604
    ISSN (online) 2694-0604
    DOI 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10341158
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Measuring the Rate of Information Transfer in Point-Process Data: Application to Cardiovascular Interactions.

    Mijatovic, Gorana / Antonacci, Yuri / Faes, Luca

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

    2021  Volume 2021, Page(s) 341–344

    Abstract: We present the implementation to cardiovascular variability of a method for the information-theoretic estimation of the directed interactions between event-based data. The method allows to compute the transfer entropy rate (TER) from a source to a target ...

    Abstract We present the implementation to cardiovascular variability of a method for the information-theoretic estimation of the directed interactions between event-based data. The method allows to compute the transfer entropy rate (TER) from a source to a target point process in continuous time, thus overcoming the severe limitations associated with time discretization of event-based processes. In this work, the method is evaluated on coupled cardiovascular point processes representing the heartbeat dynamics and the related peripheral pulsation, first using a physiologically-based simulation model and then studying real point-process data from healthy subjects monitored at rest and during postural stress. Our results document the ability of TER to detect direction and strength of the interactions between cardiovascular processes, also highlighting physiologically plausible interaction mechanisms.
    MeSH term(s) Computer Simulation ; Entropy ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2694-0604
    ISSN (online) 2694-0604
    DOI 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9629688
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Statistical Approaches to Identify Pairwise and High-Order Brain Functional Connectivity Signatures on a Single-Subject Basis.

    Sparacino, Laura / Faes, Luca / Mijatović, Gorana / Parla, Giuseppe / Lo Re, Vincenzina / Miraglia, Roberto / de Ville de Goyet, Jean / Sparacia, Gianvincenzo

    Life (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 10

    Abstract: Keeping up with the shift towards personalized neuroscience essentially requires the derivation of meaningful insights from individual brain signal recordings by analyzing the descriptive indexes of physio-pathological states through statistical methods ... ...

    Abstract Keeping up with the shift towards personalized neuroscience essentially requires the derivation of meaningful insights from individual brain signal recordings by analyzing the descriptive indexes of physio-pathological states through statistical methods that prioritize subject-specific differences under varying experimental conditions. Within this framework, the current study presents a methodology for assessing the value of the single-subject fingerprints of brain functional connectivity, assessed both by standard pairwise and novel high-order measures. Functional connectivity networks, which investigate the inter-relationships between pairs of brain regions, have long been a valuable tool for modeling the brain as a complex system. However, their usefulness is limited by their inability to detect high-order dependencies beyond pairwise correlations. In this study, by leveraging multivariate information theory, we confirm recent evidence suggesting that the brain contains a plethora of high-order, synergistic subsystems that would go unnoticed using a pairwise graph structure. The significance and variations across different conditions of functional pairwise and high-order interactions (HOIs) between groups of brain signals are statistically verified on an individual level through the utilization of surrogate and bootstrap data analyses. The approach is illustrated on the single-subject recordings of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rest-fMRI) signals acquired using a pediatric patient with hepatic encephalopathy associated with a portosystemic shunt and undergoing liver vascular shunt correction. Our results show that (i) the proposed single-subject analysis may have remarkable clinical relevance for subject-specific investigations and treatment planning, and (ii) the possibility of investigating brain connectivity and its post-treatment functional developments at a high-order level may be essential to fully capture the complexity and modalities of the recovery.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662250-6
    ISSN 2075-1729
    ISSN 2075-1729
    DOI 10.3390/life13102075
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A new Framework for the Spectral Information Decomposition of Multivariate Gaussian Processes.

    Antonacci, Yuri / Minati, Ludovico / Mijatovic, Gorana / Faes, Luca

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

    2021  Volume 2021, Page(s) 182–185

    Abstract: Different information-theoretic measures are available in the literature for the study of pairwise and higher-order interactions in multivariate dynamical systems. While these measures operate in the time domain, several physiological and non- ... ...

    Abstract Different information-theoretic measures are available in the literature for the study of pairwise and higher-order interactions in multivariate dynamical systems. While these measures operate in the time domain, several physiological and non-physiological systems exhibit a rich oscillatory content that is typically analyzed in the frequency domain through spectral and cross-spectral approaches. For Gaussian systems, the relation between information and spectral measures has been established considering coupling and causality measures, but not for higher-order interactions. To fill this gap, in this work we introduce an information-theoretic framework in the frequency domain to quantify the information shared between a target process and two sources, even multivariate, and to highlight the presence of redundancy and synergy in the analyzed dynamical system. Firstly, we simulate different linear interacting processes by showing the capability of the proposed framework to retrieve amounts of information shared by the processes in specific frequency bands which are not detectable by the related time-domain measures. Then, the framework is applied on EEG time series representative of the brain activity during a motor execution task in a group of healthy subjects.
    MeSH term(s) Causality ; Humans ; Normal Distribution
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2694-0604
    ISSN (online) 2694-0604
    DOI 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9630952
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Book ; Online: Assessing High-Order Links in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Networks via Static and Dynamic Information Measures

    Mijatovic, Gorana / Sparacino, Laura / Antonacci, Yuri / Javorka, Michal / Marinazzo, Daniele / Stramaglia, Sebastiano / Faes, Luca

    2024  

    Abstract: The network representation is becoming increasingly popular for the description of cardiovascular interactions based on the analysis of multiple simultaneously collected variables. However, the traditional methods to assess network links based on ... ...

    Abstract The network representation is becoming increasingly popular for the description of cardiovascular interactions based on the analysis of multiple simultaneously collected variables. However, the traditional methods to assess network links based on pairwise interaction measures cannot reveal high-order effects involving more than two nodes, and are not appropriate to infer the underlying network topology. To address these limitations, here we introduce a framework which combines the assessment of high-order interactions with statistical inference for the characterization of the functional links sustaining physiological networks. The framework develops information-theoretic measures quantifying how two nodes interact in a redundant or synergistic way with the rest of the network, and employs these measures for reconstructing the functional structure of the network. The measures are implemented for both static and dynamic networks mapped respectively by random variables and random processes using plug-in and model-based entropy estimators. The validation on theoretical and numerical simulated networks documents the ability of the framework to represent high-order interactions as networks and to detect statistical structures associated to cascade, common drive and common target effects. The application to cardiovascular networks mapped by the beat-to-beat variability of heart rate, respiration, arterial pressure, cardiac output and vascular resistance allowed noninvasive characterization of several mechanisms of cardiovascular control operating in resting state and during orthostatic stress. Our approach brings to new comprehensive assessment of physiological interactions and complements existing strategies for the classification of pathophysiological states.

    Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures
    Keywords Statistics - Methodology ; Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: A Measure of Concurrent Neural Firing Activity Based on Mutual Information.

    Mijatovic, Gorana / Loncar-Turukalo, Tatjana / Bozanic, Nebojsa / Milosavljevic, Nina / Storchi, Riccardo / Faes, Luca

    Neuroinformatics

    2021  Volume 19, Issue 4, Page(s) 719–735

    Abstract: Multiple methods have been developed in an attempt to quantify stimulus-induced neural coordination and to understand internal coordination of neuronal responses by examining the synchronization phenomena in neural discharge patterns. In this work we ... ...

    Abstract Multiple methods have been developed in an attempt to quantify stimulus-induced neural coordination and to understand internal coordination of neuronal responses by examining the synchronization phenomena in neural discharge patterns. In this work we propose a novel approach to estimate the degree of concomitant firing between two neural units, based on a modified form of mutual information (MI) applied to a two-state representation of the firing activity. The binary profile of each single unit unfolds its discharge activity in time by decomposition into the state of neural quiescence/low activity and state of moderate firing/bursting. Then, the MI computed between the two binary streams is normalized by their minimum entropy and is taken as positive or negative depending on the prevalence of identical or opposite concomitant states. The resulting measure, denoted as Concurrent Firing Index based on MI (CFI
    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2111941-7
    ISSN 1559-0089 ; 1539-2791
    ISSN (online) 1559-0089
    ISSN 1539-2791
    DOI 10.1007/s12021-021-09515-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Interactions during Apneic Events in Sleep via Fuzzy Kernel Measures of Information Dynamics.

    Lazic, Ivan / Pernice, Riccardo / Loncar-Turukalo, Tatjana / Mijatovic, Gorana / Faes, Luca

    Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 23, Issue 6

    Abstract: Apnea and other breathing-related disorders have been linked to the development of hypertension or impairments of the cardiovascular, cognitive or metabolic systems. The combined assessment of multiple physiological signals acquired during sleep is of ... ...

    Abstract Apnea and other breathing-related disorders have been linked to the development of hypertension or impairments of the cardiovascular, cognitive or metabolic systems. The combined assessment of multiple physiological signals acquired during sleep is of fundamental importance for providing additional insights about breathing disorder events and the associated impairments. In this work, we apply information-theoretic measures to describe the joint dynamics of cardiorespiratory physiological processes in a large group of patients reporting repeated episodes of hypopneas, apneas (central, obstructive, mixed) and respiratory effort related arousals (RERAs). We analyze the heart period as the target process and the airflow amplitude as the driver, computing the predictive information, the information storage, the information transfer, the internal information and the cross information, using a fuzzy kernel entropy estimator. The analyses were performed comparing the information measures among segments during, immediately before and after the respiratory event and with control segments. Results highlight a general tendency to decrease of predictive information and information storage of heart period, as well as of cross information and information transfer from respiration to heart period, during the breathing disordered events. The information-theoretic measures also vary according to the breathing disorder, and significant changes of information transfer can be detected during RERAs, suggesting that the latter could represent a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases. These findings reflect the impact of different sleep breathing disorders on respiratory sinus arrhythmia, suggesting overall higher complexity of the cardiac dynamics and weaker cardiorespiratory interactions which may have physiological and clinical relevance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2014734-X
    ISSN 1099-4300 ; 1099-4300
    ISSN (online) 1099-4300
    ISSN 1099-4300
    DOI 10.3390/e23060698
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: An Information-Theoretic Framework to Measure the Dynamic Interaction Between Neural Spike Trains.

    Mijatovic, Gorana / Antonacci, Yuri / Loncar-Turukalo, Tatjana / Minati, Ludovico / Faes, Luca

    IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering

    2021  Volume 68, Issue 12, Page(s) 3471–3481

    Abstract: Objective: While understanding the interaction patterns among simultaneous recordings of spike trains from multiple neuronal units is a key topic in neuroscience, existing methods either do not consider the inherent point-process nature of spike trains ... ...

    Abstract Objective: While understanding the interaction patterns among simultaneous recordings of spike trains from multiple neuronal units is a key topic in neuroscience, existing methods either do not consider the inherent point-process nature of spike trains or are based on parametric assumptions. This work presents an information-theoretic framework for the model-free, continuous-time estimation of both undirected (symmetric) and directed (Granger-causal) interactions between spike trains.
    Methods: The framework computes the mutual information rate (MIR) and the transfer entropy rate (TER) for two point processes X and Y, showing that the MIR between X and Y can be decomposed as the sum of the TER along the directions X → Y and Y → X. We present theoretical expressions and introduce strategies to estimate efficiently the two measures through nearest neighbor statistics.
    Results: Using simulations of independent and coupled point processes, we show the accuracy of MIR and TER to assess interactions even for weakly coupled and short realizations, and demonstrate the superiority of continuous-time estimation over the standard discrete-time approach. We also apply the MIR and TER to real-world data, specifically, recordings from in-vitro preparations of spontaneously-growing cultures of cortical neurons. Using this dataset, we demonstrate the ability of MIR and TER to describe how the functional networks between recording units emerge over the course of the maturation of the neuronal cultures.
    Conclusion and significance: the proposed framework provides principled measures to assess undirected and directed spike train interactions with more efficiency and flexibility than previous discrete-time or parametric approaches, opening new perspectives for the analysis of point-process data in neuroscience and many other fields.
    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials ; Computer Simulation ; Entropy ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 160429-6
    ISSN 1558-2531 ; 0018-9294
    ISSN (online) 1558-2531
    ISSN 0018-9294
    DOI 10.1109/TBME.2021.3073833
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Measuring the Rate of Information Exchange in Point-Process Data With Application to Cardiovascular Variability.

    Mijatovic, Gorana / Pernice, Riccardo / Perinelli, Alessio / Antonacci, Yuri / Busacca, Alessandro / Javorka, Michal / Ricci, Leonardo / Faes, Luca

    Frontiers in network physiology

    2022  Volume 1, Page(s) 765332

    Abstract: The amount of information exchanged per unit of time between two dynamic processes is an important concept for the analysis of complex systems. Theoretical formulations and data-efficient estimators have been recently introduced for this quantity, known ... ...

    Abstract The amount of information exchanged per unit of time between two dynamic processes is an important concept for the analysis of complex systems. Theoretical formulations and data-efficient estimators have been recently introduced for this quantity, known as the mutual information rate (MIR), allowing its continuous-time computation for event-based data sets measured as realizations of coupled point processes. This work presents the implementation of MIR for point process applications in Network Physiology and cardiovascular variability, which typically feature short and noisy experimental time series. We assess the bias of MIR estimated for uncoupled point processes in the frame of surrogate data, and we compensate it by introducing a corrected MIR (cMIR) measure designed to return zero values when the two processes do not exchange information. The method is first tested extensively in synthetic point processes including a physiologically-based model of the heartbeat dynamics and the blood pressure propagation times, where we show the ability of cMIR to compensate the negative bias of MIR and return statistically significant values even for weakly coupled processes. The method is then assessed in real point-process data measured from healthy subjects during different physiological conditions, showing that cMIR between heartbeat and pressure propagation times increases significantly during postural stress, though not during mental stress. These results document that cMIR reflects physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular variability related to the joint neural autonomic modulation of heart rate and arterial compliance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2674-0109
    ISSN (online) 2674-0109
    DOI 10.3389/fnetp.2021.765332
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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