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Article ; Online: Most Orthopaedic Platelet-Rich Plasma Investigations Don't Report Protocols and Composition: An Updated Systematic Review.

Lim, Joseph J / Belk, John W / Wharton, Benjamin R / McCarthy, Timothy P / McCarty, Eric C / Dragoo, Jason L / Frank, Rachel M

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

2024

Abstract: Purpose: To systematically review the literature to assess the heterogeneity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation and composition reporting for the treatment of musculoskeletal/orthopaedic pathologies.: Methods: A systematic review was performed ...

Abstract	Purpose: To systematically review the literature to assess the heterogeneity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation and composition reporting for the treatment of musculoskeletal/orthopaedic pathologies. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase to identify Level I and Level II studies from 2016 to 2022 that evaluated the use of PRP therapy for musculoskeletal pathologies. The search phrase used was "platelet-rich plasma clinical studies." Studies were assessed based on their reporting of the PRP preparation methods and reporting of PRP composition. Results: One hundred twenty-four studies (in 120 articles) met inclusion criteria for analysis. Of these studies, 15 (12.1%) provided comprehensive reporting, including a clear, well-described, and reproducible preparation protocol that future investigators can follow. Thirty-three studies (26.6%) quantitatively reported the final PRP product composition. Conclusions: Among the studies using PRP for the treatment of musculoskeletal/orthopaedic pathologies, less than 20% provided a clear, well-described, and reproducible PRP preparation protocol, and only one-fourth of studies reported on the final PRP product composition. Clinical relevance: A diverse current reporting of PRP composition between studies provides a high heterogeneity of the term "PRP," which becomes a limitation for a comparison of studies using PRP.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	632528-2
ISSN	1526-3231 ; 0749-8063
ISSN (online)	1526-3231
ISSN	0749-8063
DOI	10.1016/j.arthro.2024.03.021
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Article: First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-II Infecting Potato Stems in Idaho.

Woodhall, J W / Wharton, P S / Peters, J C

Plant disease

2019 Volume 96, Issue 11, Page(s) 1701

Abstract: ... of soilborne inoculum required to produce disease on potato. References: (1) N. C. Gudmestad et al. Page 247 ... Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1989. (2) M. J. Lehtonen et al. Agric. Food Sci. 18:223, 2009. (3) J. W. Woodhall et ... al. Plant Pathol. 56:286, 2007. (4) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 57:897, 2008. ...

Abstract	The fungus Rhizoctonia solani is the causal agent of stem canker and black scurf of potato (Solanum tuberosum). R. solani is a species complex consisting of 13 anastomosis groups (AGs) designated AG1 to 13 (2, 3). Stems of potato (cv. Russet Norkotah) with brown lesions were recovered from one field in Kimberley, Idaho, in August 2011. Using previously described methods (3), R. solani was recovered from the symptomatic stems and one representative isolate (J15) was selected for further characterization. Sequencing of the rDNA ITS region of isolate J15 was undertaken as previously described (3) and the resulting rDNA ITS sequence (HE667745) was 99% identical to sequences of other AG4 HG-II isolates in GenBank (AF354072 and AF354074). Pathogenicity of the isolate was determined by conducting the following experiment. Mini-tubers of cv. Santé were planted individually in 1-liter pots containing John Innes Number 3 compost (John Innes Manufacturers Association, Reading, UK). Pots were either inoculated with J15, an isolate of AG3-PT (Rs08), or were not inoculated. Each treatment was replicated four times. Inoculum consisted of five 10-mm-diameter potato dextrose agar plugs, fully colonized by the appropriate isolate, placed in the compost approximately 40 mm above each seed tuber. Pots were held in a controlled environment room at 21°C with 50% relative humidity and watered as required. After 21 days, plants were assessed for disease. No symptoms of the disease were present in non-inoculated plants. In the Rs08 (AG3-PT) inoculated plants, all stems displayed large brown lesions and 20% of the stems had been killed. No stem death was observed in J15 (AG4 HG-II) inoculated plants. However, brown lesions were observed in three of the four J15 (AG4 HG-II) inoculated plants. These lesions were less severe than in plants inoculated with the Rs08(AG3-PT) inoculated plants and were present in 40% of the main stems. In the J15 (AG4 HG-II) inoculated pots, R. solani AG4 HG-II was reisolated from the five symptomatic stems, thereby satisfying Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AG4 HG-II causing disease on potatoes in Idaho. AG4 has been isolated from potato previously from North Dakota, although the subgroup was not identified (1). The only previous report where AG4 HG-II was specifically determined to cause disease on potato was in Finland, but the isolate could not be maintained and Koch's postulates were not completed (3). The present study shows that AG4 HG-II can cause stem disease in potatoes, although disease does not develop as severely or as consistently as for AG3-PT. However, as demonstrated with isolates of AG2-1 and AG5, even mild stem infection can reduce tuber yield by as much as 12% (4). AG4 HG-II is a pathogen of sugar beet in Idaho, which was grown previously in this field. This history may have contributed to high levels of soilborne inoculum required to produce disease on potato. References: (1) N. C. Gudmestad et al. Page 247 in: J. Vos et al. eds. Effects of Crop Rotation on Potato Production in the Temperate Zones. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1989. (2) M. J. Lehtonen et al. Agric. Food Sci. 18:223, 2009. (3) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 56:286, 2007. (4) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 57:897, 2008.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS-06-12-0568-PDN
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Article: Anastomosis Groups of

Woodhall, J W / Brown, L / Harrington, M / Murdock, M / Pizolotto, C A / Wharton, P S / Duellman, K

Plant disease

2022 , Page(s) PDIS12212683RE

Abstract: A survey of the relative incidence of anastomosis groups (AGs) ... ...

Abstract	A survey of the relative incidence of anastomosis groups (AGs) of
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS-12-21-2683-RE
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Book: W. C. Brownell

Wharton, Edith

tributes and appreciations

1929

Author's details	by Edith Wharton
Size	84 p
Publisher	Charles Scribnerś Sons
Publishing place	New York
Document type	Book
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Article ; Online: Intersectionality in Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Female Sex and Black American Race in the Development and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease.

Misiura, Maria B / Butts, Brittany / Hammerschlag, Bruno / Munkombwe, Chinkuli / Bird, Arianna / Fyffe, Mercedes / Hemphill, Asia / Dotson, Vonetta M / Wharton, Whitney

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics

2023 Volume 20, Issue 4, Page(s) 1019–1036

Abstract: It is well known that vascular factors and specific social determinants of health contribute to dementia risk and that the prevalence of these risk factors differs according to race and sex. In this review, we discuss the intersection of sex and race, ... ...

Abstract	It is well known that vascular factors and specific social determinants of health contribute to dementia risk and that the prevalence of these risk factors differs according to race and sex. In this review, we discuss the intersection of sex and race, particularly female sex and Black American race. Women, particularly Black women, have been underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials and research. However, in recent years, the number of women participating in clinical research has steadily increased. A greater prevalence of vascular risk factors such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes, coupled with unique social and environmental pressures, puts Black American women particularly at risk for the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Female sex hormones and the use of hormonal birth control may offer some protective benefits, but results are mixed, and studies do not consistently report the demographics of their samples. We argue that as a research community, greater efforts should be made to not only recruit this vulnerable population, but also report the demographic makeup of samples in research to better target those at greatest risk for the disease.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology ; Alzheimer Disease/ethnology ; Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Intersectional Framework ; Prevalence ; United States/epidemiology ; Sex Factors ; Patient Selection ; Clinical Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2316693-9
ISSN	1878-7479 ; 1933-7213
ISSN (online)	1878-7479
ISSN	1933-7213
DOI	10.1007/s13311-023-01408-x
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Article: The MuSK-BMP pathway regulates synaptic Nav1.4 localization and muscle excitability.

Fish, L A / Ewing, M D / Jaime, D / Rich, K A / Xi, C / Wang, X / Feder, R E / Wharton, K A / Rich, M M / Arnold, W D / Fallon, J R

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the linchpin of nerve-evoked muscle contraction. Broadly considered, the function of the NMJ is to transduce a nerve action potential into a muscle fiber action potential (MFAP). Efficient information transfer requires ...

Abstract	The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the linchpin of nerve-evoked muscle contraction. Broadly considered, the function of the NMJ is to transduce a nerve action potential into a muscle fiber action potential (MFAP). Efficient information transfer requires both cholinergic signaling, responsible for the generation of endplate potentials (EPPs), and excitation, the activation of postsynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.4) to trigger MFAPs. In contrast to the cholinergic apparatus, the signaling pathways that organize Nav1.4 and muscle fiber excitability are poorly characterized. Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), in addition to its Ig1 domain-dependent role as an agrin-LRP4 receptor, is also a BMP co-receptor that binds BMPs via its Ig3 domain and shapes BMP-induced signaling and transcriptional output. Here we probed the function of the MuSK-BMP pathway at the NMJ using mice lacking the MuSK Ig3 domain ('ΔIg3-MuSK'). Synapses formed normally in ΔIg3-MuSK animals, but the postsynaptic apparatus was fragmented from the first weeks of life. Anatomical denervation was not observed at any age examined. Moreover, spontaneous and nerve-evoked acetylcholine release, AChR density, and endplate currents were comparable to WT. However, trains of nerve-evoked MFAPs in ΔIg3-MuSK muscle were abnormal as revealed by increased jitter and blocking in single fiber electromyography. Further, nerve-evoked compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), as well as twitch and tetanic muscle torque force production, were also diminished. Finally, Nav1.4 levels were reduced at ΔIg3-MuSK synapses but not at the extrajunctional sarcolemma, indicating that the observed excitability defects are the result of impaired localization of this voltage-gated ion channel at the NMJ. We propose that MuSK plays two distinct roles at the NMJ: as an agrin-LRP4 receptor necessary for establishing and maintaining cholinergic signaling, and as a BMP co-receptor required for maintaining proper Nav1.4 density, nerve-evoked muscle excitability and force production. The MuSK-BMP pathway thus emerges as a target for modulating excitability and functional innervation, which are defective in conditions such as congenital myasthenic syndromes and aging.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.10.24.563837
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Article: Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 3 is Predominant in Potato Tubers in Poland.

Woodhall, J W / Lutomirska, B / Peters, J C / Wharton, P S

Plant disease

2019 Volume 97, Issue 9, Page(s) 1245

Abstract: ... W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 56:286, 2007. (4) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 57:5, 2008. ...

Abstract	Rhizoctonia solani is a species complex of 13 related but genetically distinct anastomosis groups (AGs). In potato, R. solani can infect the stems, stolons, and roots, resulting in quantitative losses. It can also cause qualitative losses through blemishes occurring on progeny tubers, such as black scurf and elephant hide (corky cracking). Knowledge of the AG in local populations is important because they differ in host range, fungicide sensitivity, and disease severity (2). To determine the AGs present in Poland, 54 tuber samples displaying typical R. solani symptoms were taken from six different fields in 2011. The fields were representative of five different administrative regions of Poland and from at least 10 different varieties. Rhizoctonia was isolated from tubers by placing symptomatic material on to tap water agar amended with streptomycin and penicillin and after 2 to 3 days Rhizoctonia colonies were identified and hyphal tips of these transferred to potato dextrose agar. Rhizoctonia was successfully isolated from 48 tubers displaying black scurf and two tubers displaying elephant hide symptoms. DNA was extracted from Rhizoctonia cultures using a Wizard Food kit (Promega) and the AG was determined using specific real-time PCR assays (1). All Rhizoctonia isolates were determined to be AG3 and this was confirmed for 10 selected isolates by observing hyphal fusion with a known AG3 tester isolate (Rs08) as described previously (3). Pairings were also conducted amongst the 10 Polish isolates, C2 reactions were typically observed indicating numerous vegetative compatible groups are present. This study shows that AG3 is likely to be the predominant AG in potato tubers in Poland. This is similar to other studies in Europe, which have all determined that AG3 accounts for at least 92% of isolates from potato (2,3). AG2-1, 4, and 5 have also been found in tubers worldwide and climate and certain crop rotations can influence the presence of these other AGs in potato tubers (2). However, climate and crop rotations in Poland are similar to other parts of Europe so the predominance of AG3 is expected. AG3 was also isolated from elephant hide symptoms; however, it was more frequently isolated from sclerotia. The ability of AG3 to prolifically produce sclerotia and thereby survive on seed tubers may explain its predominance in potato crops (4). Therefore, studies focusing on the management of Rhizoctonia potato disease in Poland should consider AG3 in the first instance. References: (1) G. E. Budge et al. Plant Pathol. 58:1071, 2009. (2) L. Tsror. J. Phytopathol. 158:649, 2010. (3) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 56:286, 2007. (4) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 57:5, 2008.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	754182-x
ISSN	0191-2917
ISSN	0191-2917
DOI	10.1094/PDIS-05-12-0482-PDN
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Article ; Online: Dogs (Canis familiaris) prioritize independent exploration over looking back.

Johnston, Angie M / Chang, Linda W / Wharton, Kristi / Santos, Laurie R

Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)

2021 Volume 135, Issue 3, Page(s) 370–381

Abstract	It has been suggested that over the course of domestication, dogs developed the propensity to "look back" or gaze at humans when they encounter a challenging task. Unfortunately, little work to date has addressed the question of why dogs look back. To explore this issue, we conducted 3 experiments in which dogs had the option of doing something other than looking back at their owner when encountering an unsolvable task. In Experiments 1 and 2, dogs could look back or attempt an alternative puzzle. In both experiments, dogs attempted the alternative puzzle prior to looking back. In Experiment 3, when dogs encountered the unsolvable task, they could look back or attempt to solve the same puzzle using an alternate approach. As in Experiments 1 and 2, dogs attempted the alternate approach prior to looking back. Although some scholars have suggested that dogs may look back because they are overly reliant on humans, our findings suggest that dogs may instead prioritize independent exploration over looking back. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Dogs ; Domestication ; Wolves
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3130-6
ISSN	1939-2087 ; 0735-7036 ; 0093-4127
ISSN (online)	1939-2087
ISSN	0735-7036 ; 0093-4127
DOI	10.1037/com0000233
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Article ; Online: ATP13A3 variants promote pulmonary arterial hypertension by disrupting polyamine transport.

Liu, Bin / Azfar, Mujahid / Legchenko, Ekaterina / West, James A / Martin, Shaun / Van den Haute, Chris / Baekelandt, Veerle / Wharton, John / Howard, Luke / Wilkins, Martin R / Vangheluwe, Peter / Morrell, Nicholas W / Upton, Paul D

Cardiovascular research

2024

Abstract: Aims: Potential loss-of-function variants of ATP13A3, the gene encoding a P5B-type transport ATPase of undefined function, were recently identified in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. ATP13A3 is implicated in polyamine transport but its ... ...

Abstract	Aims: Potential loss-of-function variants of ATP13A3, the gene encoding a P5B-type transport ATPase of undefined function, were recently identified in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. ATP13A3 is implicated in polyamine transport but its function has not been fully elucidated. Here, we sought to determine the biological function of ATP13A3 in vascular endothelial cells and how PAH-associated variants may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Methods and results: We studied the impact of ATP13A3 deficiency and overexpression in endothelial cell (EC) models (human pulmonary ECs, blood outgrowth ECs (BOECs) and HMEC-1 cells), including a PAH patient-derived BOEC line harbouring an ATP13A3 variant (LK726X). We also generated mice harbouring an Atp13a3 variant analogous to a human disease-associated variant to establish whether these mice develop PAH.ATP13A3 localised to the recycling endosomes of human ECs. Knockdown of ATP13A3 in ECs generally reduced the basal polyamine content and altered the expression of enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism. Conversely, overexpression of wild-type ATP13A3 increased polyamine uptake. Functionally, loss of ATP13A3 was associated with reduced EC proliferation, increased apoptosis in serum starvation and increased monolayer permeability to thrombin. Assessment of five PAH-associated missense ATP13A3 variants (L675V, M850I, V855M, R858H, L956P) confirmed loss-of-function phenotypes represented by impaired polyamine transport and dysregulated EC function. Furthermore, mice carrying a heterozygous germ-line Atp13a3 frameshift variant representing a human variant spontaneously developed a PAH phenotype, with increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular remodelling and muscularisation of pulmonary vessels. Conclusion: We identify ATP13A3 as a polyamine transporter controlling polyamine homeostasis in ECs, deficiency of which leads to EC dysfunction and predisposes to PAH. This suggests a need for targeted therapies to alleviate the imbalances in polyamine homeostasis and EC dysfunction in PAH.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80340-6
ISSN	1755-3245 ; 0008-6363
ISSN (online)	1755-3245
ISSN	0008-6363
DOI	10.1093/cvr/cvae068
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Article ; Online: Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with semaglutide 2.4 mg for the treatment of obesity: An indirect treatment comparison.

le Roux, Carel W / Hankosky, Emily R / Wang, Duzhe / Malik, Raleigh / Yu, Maria / Hickey, Ana / Kan, Hong / Bunck, Mathijs C / Stefanski, Adam / Garcia-Perez, Luis-Emilio / Wharton, Sean

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

2023 Volume 25, Issue 9, Page(s) 2626–2633

Abstract: Aim: To compare the efficacy of tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg with semaglutide 2.4 mg using an indirect treatment comparison.: Materials and methods: Using SURMOUNT-1 and STEP 1 trial data, mean percentage change in body weight from baseline and odds ... ...

Abstract	Aim: To compare the efficacy of tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg with semaglutide 2.4 mg using an indirect treatment comparison. Materials and methods: Using SURMOUNT-1 and STEP 1 trial data, mean percentage change in body weight from baseline and odds ratio (OR) of achieving 5% or greater weight loss were compared between tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg at week 72 and semaglutide 2.4 mg at week 68 using matching-adjusted indirect comparison of the efficacy estimand. Sensitivity analyses were completed using different methods, including the Bucher method, also using different estimands and/or time points. Results: Greater reductions in percentage change in body weight were observed with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2.4 mg (tirzepatide 10 mg mean difference: -4.67% [95% CI -5.91%, -3.43%]; tirzepatide 15 mg mean difference: -5.92% [95% CI -7.16%, -4.68%]; both P < .001). Similarly, more participants achieved 5% or greater weight loss with tirzepatide 10 mg (OR 2.61 [95% CI 1.48, 4.57]; P < .001) and 15 mg (OR 2.75 [95% CI 1.57, 4.81]; P < .001) compared with semaglutide 2.4 mg. All sensitivity analyses were consistent, except for an OR of achieving 5% or greater weight loss with tirzepatide 10 mg using the Bucher method to analyse the treatment regimen estimand (P = .074). Conclusions: Currently there are no direct comparisons of tirzepatide and semaglutide for weight management. Using the matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison method to compare the efficacy of tirzepatide and semaglutide for chronic weight management, this analysis showed greater weight loss with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2.4 mg.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glucagon-Like Peptides/adverse effects ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Body Weight ; Weight Loss
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; semaglutide (53AXN4NNHX) ; tirzepatide (OYN3CCI6QE) ; Glucagon-Like Peptides (62340-29-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1454944-x
ISSN	1463-1326 ; 1462-8902
ISSN (online)	1463-1326
ISSN	1462-8902
DOI	10.1111/dom.15148
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