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  1. Article ; Online: Impact of Fluid Balance on Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay in Critically Ill Trauma Patients.

    Bright, Treasure V / Johnson, Donald W / Humanez, Jose C / Husty, Todd D / Crandall, Marie / Shald, Elizabeth A

    The American surgeon

    2023  Volume 89, Issue 8, Page(s) 3379–3384

    Abstract: Background: There is significant data in the medical and surgical literature supporting the correlations between positive volume balance and negative outcomes such as AKI, prolonged mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay ...

    Abstract Background: There is significant data in the medical and surgical literature supporting the correlations between positive volume balance and negative outcomes such as AKI, prolonged mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay and increased mortality.
    Methods: This single-center, retrospective chart review included adult patients identified from a Trauma Registry database. The primary outcome was the total ICU LOS. Secondary outcomes include hospital LOS, ventilator-free days, incidence of compartment syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), renal replacement therapy (RRT), and days of vasopressor therapy.
    Results: In general, baseline characteristics were similar between groups with the exception of mechanism of injury, FAST exam, and disposition from the ED. The ICU LOS was shortest in the negative fluid balance and longest in the positive fluid balance group (4 days vs 6 days,
    Discussion: A negative fluid balance at seventy-two hours was associated with a shorter ICU and hospital LOS in critically ill trauma patients. Our observed correlation between positive volume balance and total ICU days merits further exploration with prospective, comparative studies of lower volume resuscitation to key physiologic endpoints compared with routine standard of care.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Length of Stay ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; Intensive Care Units ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 202465-2
    ISSN 1555-9823 ; 0003-1348
    ISSN (online) 1555-9823
    ISSN 0003-1348
    DOI 10.1177/00031348231161077
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  2. Article: Treatment patterns in paediatric and adult patients with SLE: a retrospective claims database study in the USA.

    Brunner, Hermine I / Vadhariya, Aisha / Dickson, Christina / Crandall, Wallace / Kar-Chan Choong, Casey / Birt, Julie A / Ruperto, Nicolino / Ramanan, Athimalaipet V

    Lupus science & medicine

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 2

    Abstract: Objective: To assess real-world treatment regimens and patterns in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE) cohorts, including similarities in treatments, duration of use and adherence.: Methods: This retrospective study utilised data ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To assess real-world treatment regimens and patterns in childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE) cohorts, including similarities in treatments, duration of use and adherence.
    Methods: This retrospective study utilised data from Merative L.P. MarketScan Research Databases (USA). Index date was the date of first SLE diagnosis (2010-2019). Patients aged <18 years (cSLE) and ≥18 years (aSLE) at index date with confirmed SLE diagnosis and ≥12 months continuous enrolment during pre-index and post-index periods were included. The cohorts were stratified based on the presence (existing) or absence (new) of pre-index SLE. Primary outcomes (post-index period) included treatment regimens (all patients), and adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC)) and discontinuation of therapies initiated within 90 days of diagnosis (new patients). Univariate comparisons between cSLE and aSLE cohorts were performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum and χ
    Results: cSLE cohort included 1275 patients (mean age=14.1 years) and aSLE cohort included 66 326 patients (mean age=49.7 years). Antimalarials and glucocorticoids were commonly used among new (cSLE=64.4%/62.0%; aSLE=51.8%/49.7%) and existing (cSLE=68.6%/58.9%; aSLE=63.8%/51.3%) patients in both cohorts. Median oral glucocorticoid dose (prednisone equivalent) was higher in cSLE vs aSLE (new=22.1 vs 14.0 mg/day; existing=14.4 vs 12.3 mg/day; p<0.05). Mycophenolate mofetil use was higher in patients with cSLE vs aSLE (new=26.2% vs 5.8%; existing=37.6% vs 11.0%; p<0.0001). Compared with aSLE, more patients used combination therapies in cSLE (p<0.0001). Median PDC was higher in cSLE vs aSLE for antimalarials (0.9 vs 0.8; p<0.0001) and oral glucocorticoids (0.6 vs 0.3; p<0.0001). Treatment discontinuation was lower in cSLE vs aSLE for antimalarials (25.0% vs 33.1%; p<0.0001) and oral glucocorticoids (56.6% vs 71.2%; p<0.0001).
    Conclusions: Management of cSLE and aSLE includes the same medication classes; differences include more intensive use of therapy in cSLE, warranting the need for approved safe medications for cSLE.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; Child ; United States/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology ; Prednisone
    Chemical Substances Glucocorticoids ; Antimalarials ; Prednisone (VB0R961HZT)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2779620-6
    ISSN 2053-8790
    ISSN 2053-8790
    DOI 10.1136/lupus-2022-000817
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Factors associated with reporting left ventricular ejection fraction with 3D echocardiography in real-world practice.

    Faridi, Kamil F / Zhu, Zhaohan / Shah, Nimish N / Crandall, Ian / McNamara, Robert L / Flueckiger, Peter / Bachand, Karen / Lombo, Bernardo / Hur, David J / Agarwal, Vratika / Reinhardt, Samuel W / Velazquez, Eric J / Sugeng, Lissa

    Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)

    2024  Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) e15774

    Abstract: Background: Guidelines recommend 3D echocardiography (3DE) to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) when possible, but it is unclear which factors are most strongly associated with reporting 3DE LVEF in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Guidelines recommend 3D echocardiography (3DE) to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) when possible, but it is unclear which factors are most strongly associated with reporting 3DE LVEF in real-world practice.
    Methods: We evaluated 3DE LVEF reporting by age, sex, BMI, TTE location and variation in reporting by sonographer and reader. All TTEs were performed without contrast enhancement agent at a large medical center from 9/2015 to 12/2020 using ultrasound machines capable of 3DE. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess which factors were most associated with reporting 3DE LVEF.
    Results: Among 35 641 TTEs included in this study, 57.4% were performed on women. 3DE LVEF was reported on 18 391 TTEs (51.6% of cohort; 50.5% for women and 52.4% for men). Portable inpatient TTEs (n = 5569) had the lowest rates of 3DE LVEF reporting (30.9%), while general outpatient TTEs (n = 15 933) had greater reporting (56.9%). Outpatient TTEs with an indication for chemotherapy (n = 3244) had the highest rates of 3DE LVEF (87.2%). The median (IQR) percentage of TTEs reporting 3D LVEF was 52.7% (43.1%-68.1%) among sonographers and 51.6% (46.5%-59.6%) among readers. Among 20082 (56.3%) TTEs with 3DE LVEF measured by sonographers, 91.6% were included by readers in the final report. After adjustment, performing sonographer in the highest reporting quartile was most strongly associated with reporting 3DE LVEF (OR 7.04, 95% CI 6.55-7.56), while an inpatient portable study had the strongest negative association for reporting (OR .38, 95% CI .35-.40).
    Conclusions: Use of 3DE LVEF in real-world practice varies substantially based on performing sonographer and is low for hospitalized patients, but can be frequently used for chemotherapy. Initiatives are needed to increase sonographer 3DE acquisition in most clinical settings.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Stroke Volume ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 843645-9
    ISSN 1540-8175 ; 0742-2822
    ISSN (online) 1540-8175
    ISSN 0742-2822
    DOI 10.1111/echo.15774
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: An Empirical Study on the Practical Impact of Prior Beliefs over Policy Types

    Albrecht, Stefano V. / Crandall, Jacob W. / Ramamoorthy, Subramanian

    2019  

    Abstract: Many multiagent applications require an agent to learn quickly how to interact with previously unknown other agents. To address this problem, researchers have studied learning algorithms which compute posterior beliefs over a hypothesised set of policies, ...

    Abstract Many multiagent applications require an agent to learn quickly how to interact with previously unknown other agents. To address this problem, researchers have studied learning algorithms which compute posterior beliefs over a hypothesised set of policies, based on the observed actions of the other agents. The posterior belief is complemented by the prior belief, which specifies the subjective likelihood of policies before any actions are observed. In this paper, we present the first comprehensive empirical study on the practical impact of prior beliefs over policies in repeated interactions. We show that prior beliefs can have a significant impact on the long-term performance of such methods, and that the magnitude of the impact depends on the depth of the planning horizon. Moreover, our results demonstrate that automatic methods can be used to compute prior beliefs with consistent performance effects. This indicates that prior beliefs could be eliminated as a manual parameter and instead be computed automatically.

    Comment: Proceedings of the 29th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2015. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1507.07688
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Multiagent Systems
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2019-07-10
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Diabetes Management in Detention Facilities: A Statement of the American Diabetes Association.

    Lorber, Daniel L / ElSayed, Nuha A / Bannuru, Raveendhara R / Shah, Viral / Puisis, Michael / Crandall, Jill / Fech-Baughman, Sarah / Wakeen, Barbara / Dantone, Jo Jo / Hunter-Buskey, Robin / Moritsugu, Kenneth / Wang, Emily / Desimone, Marisa / Weinstock, Ruth / Fischer, Aaron / Sherman, Jennifer / Eber, Gabe / Shefelman, William

    Diabetes care

    2024  Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 544–555

    Abstract: This statement provides guidance for diabetes care in detention facilities. It focuses on areas where the processes for delivery of care to people with diabetes in detention facilities may differ from those in the community, and key points are made at ... ...

    Abstract This statement provides guidance for diabetes care in detention facilities. It focuses on areas where the processes for delivery of care to people with diabetes in detention facilities may differ from those in the community, and key points are made at the end of each section. Areas of emphasis, which inform multiple aspects discussed in this statement, include 1) timely identification or diagnosis of diabetes treatment needs and continuity of care (at reception/intake, during transfers, and upon discharge), 2) nutrition and physical activity, 3) timely access to diabetes management tools (insulin, blood glucose monitoring, tracking data, current diabetes management technologies, etc.), and 4) treatment of the whole person with diabetes (self-management education, mental health support, monitoring and addressing long-term complications, specialty care, etc.).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; United States ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus/therapy ; Mental Health ; Insulin
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 441231-x
    ISSN 1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
    ISSN (online) 1935-5548
    ISSN 0149-5992
    DOI 10.2337/dci24-0015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Single High-dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Hypovitaminosis D.

    Lee, Rose / Maltz, Ross M / Crandall, Wallace V / Plogsted, Steven W / Shaikhkhalil, Ala K / Bowden, Sasigarn A / Mezoff, Ethan A

    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition

    2019  Volume 70, Issue 4, Page(s) e77–e80

    Abstract: Objectives: The primary aim was to determine the effectiveness of a single high-dose of oral vitamin D3 (stoss therapy) in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hypovitaminosis D. Our secondary aim was to examine the safety of stoss therapy. ...

    Abstract Objectives: The primary aim was to determine the effectiveness of a single high-dose of oral vitamin D3 (stoss therapy) in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and hypovitaminosis D. Our secondary aim was to examine the safety of stoss therapy.
    Methods: We conducted a randomized, prospective study of 44 patients, ages 6 to 21 years, with IBD and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations <30 ng/mL. Patients were randomized to receive 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 once weekly for 6 weeks (standard of care, SOC group) or 300,000 IU once (stoss group). Serum 25-OHD levels were obtained at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks. Safety monitoring labs were performed at week 4.
    Results: Thirty-nine of 44 enrolled patients (19 stoss, 20 SOC) completed the study. Baseline vitamin D levels were not significantly different between the groups. Stoss therapy resulted in a substantial rise in 25-OHD levels at week 4, equivalent to the weekly regimen (53.6 ± 17.3 vs 54.6 ± 17.5 ng/mL). At week 12, serum 25-OHD levels decreased in both groups, significantly lower in the stoss group, but remained close to 30 ng/mL (29.8 ± 7.1 vs 40.4 ± 11.9 ng/mL, P = 0.04). A significant interaction with treatment group over time was observed (P = 0.0003). At the week-4 time point, all patients who received stoss therapy had normal serum calcium and PTH levels. Eighty percentage of patients preferred stoss therapy to the weekly regimen.
    Conclusions: Stoss therapy was safe and effective in raising 25-OHD in children with IBD commensurate to that of the weekly regimen.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cholecalciferol ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Cholecalciferol (1C6V77QF41)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603201-1
    ISSN 1536-4801 ; 0277-2116
    ISSN (online) 1536-4801
    ISSN 0277-2116
    DOI 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002590
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Variation in Early Anakinra Use and Short-Term Outcomes in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

    Chang, Joyce C / Young, Cameron C / Muscal, Eyal / Sexson Tejtel, Sara K / Newhams, Margaret M / Kucukak, Suden / Crandall, Hillary / Maddux, Aline B / Rowan, Courtney M / Halasa, Natasha B / Harvey, Helen A / Hobbs, Charlotte V / Hall, Mark W / Kong, Michele / Aguiar, Cassyanne L / Schuster, Jennifer E / Fitzgerald, Julie C / Singh, Aalok R / Wellnitz, Kari /
    Nofziger, Ryan A / Cvijanovich, Natalie Z / Mack, Elizabeth H / Schwarz, Adam J / Heidemann, Sabrina M / Newburger, Jane W / Zambrano, Laura D / Campbell, Angela P / Patel, Manish M / Randolph, Adrienne G / Son, Mary Beth F

    Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)

    2023  Volume 75, Issue 8, Page(s) 1466–1476

    Abstract: Objective: Evidence regarding effectiveness of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is lacking. We characterized variation in initial treatment with anakinra and evaluated cardiovascular outcomes ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Evidence regarding effectiveness of interleukin-1 receptor antagonism in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is lacking. We characterized variation in initial treatment with anakinra and evaluated cardiovascular outcomes associated with adding anakinra to standard initial therapy.
    Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of MIS-C cases in a US surveillance registry from November 2020 to December 2021. Day 0 was the first calendar day of immunomodulatory treatment. Factors associated with initial anakinra use (days 0-1) were identified. We compared cases in patients ages 2-20 years receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoids versus anakinra plus IVIG and/or glucocorticoids on days 0-1, using inverse probability weighting to balance disease severity. Primary outcomes were vasopressor requirement on day 3 and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction on days 3-4. The secondary outcome was 50% reduction in C-reactive protein on day 3.
    Results: Among 1,516 MIS-C cases at 44 sites, 193 (13%) patients received anakinra alone or with other immunomodulators as initial treatment (range 0-74% by site). Site accounted for 59% of residual variance in anakinra use. After balancing disease severity, initial treatment with anakinra plus IVIG and/or glucocorticoids (n = 121) versus IVIG plus glucocorticoids (n = 389) was not associated with significant differences in vasopressor requirement (25.6% versus 20.1%, respectively; risk ratio [RR] 1.27 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.88-1.84]), ventricular dysfunction (33.7% versus 25.7%, respectively; RR 1.31 [95% CI 0.98-1.75]), or C-reactive protein reduction.
    Conclusion: We identified substantial variation in initial anakinra use in a real-world population of children with MIS-C, but no average short-term improvement in cardiovascular outcomes associated with early addition of anakinra to IVIG and/or glucocorticoids compared to IVIG and glucocorticoids alone.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/therapeutic use ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; C-Reactive Protein ; Stroke Volume ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventricular Function, Left ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Connective Tissue Diseases
    Chemical Substances Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Glucocorticoids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2756371-6
    ISSN 2326-5205 ; 2326-5191
    ISSN (online) 2326-5205
    ISSN 2326-5191
    DOI 10.1002/art.42495
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: WORMS AND PUBLIC HEALTH.

    CRANDALL, V C / KATKOVSKY, W / CRANDALL, V J

    Clinical pediatrics

    2003  Volume 4, Page(s) 311–313

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Public Health
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-10-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207678-0
    ISSN 1938-2707 ; 0009-9228
    ISSN (online) 1938-2707
    ISSN 0009-9228
    DOI 10.1177/000992286500400601
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Do Embedded Assessments in a Dual‐Level Food Chemistry Course Offer Measurable Learning Advantages?

    Crandall, Philip G / Clark, Jeffrey A / Johnson, Donald M / Shoulders, Catherine W

    Journal of food science education. 2019 July, v. 18, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: The 2011 passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act requires managers to teach and verify that employees have learned and are engaged in science‐based food safety behaviors. Instructors using embedded assessments such as clickers can receive immediate ... ...

    Abstract The 2011 passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act requires managers to teach and verify that employees have learned and are engaged in science‐based food safety behaviors. Instructors using embedded assessments such as clickers can receive immediate feedback on how well learners understand what is being taught, allowing instructors to provide immediate, additional clarification and motivation. The objectives of this study were to: design and implement embedded assessment learning activities for each lecture objective in a combined undergraduate/graduate‐level, food chemistry course; measure students’ performance on three online examinations; and compare students’ performance on objectives reinforced by embedded assessment techniques against those objectives receiving traditional emphasis. For Exam 1, embedded assessment questions averaged 80.0% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 76.4%; for Exam 2, embedded assessment questions averaged 84.6% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 80.6%; and for Exam 3, embedded assessment questions averaged 85.9% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 73.7%. Pooling scores over all exams gave a grand mean of 83.6% for embedded assessment questions and 77.2% for traditional questions. As hypothesized, the average scores on questions reinforced by embedded assessment were considerably higher, 8.3% overall, with significantly (P < 0.05) higher scores. During lectures, students commented on the embedded assessments that then led to further discussion of any unclear points. When the class did poorly, operationalized as less than 80% correct, they petitioned to get a “do over” on the embedded assessment question after a clarifying discussion. Because the students became managers of their own learning, through embedded assessments, it is hoped that they will become more proficient instructors.
    Keywords FDA Food Safety Modernization Act ; food chemistry ; human resources ; learning ; motivation ; students ; teachers
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-07
    Size p. 67-70.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ISSN 1541-4329
    DOI 10.1111/1541-4329.12159
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: IS DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS ON THE INCREASE?

    CRANDALL, V C / KATKOVSKY, W / CRANDALL, V J

    Clinical pediatrics

    2003  Volume 4, Page(s) 313

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-10-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207678-0
    ISSN 1938-2707 ; 0009-9228
    ISSN (online) 1938-2707
    ISSN 0009-9228
    DOI 10.1177/000992286500400602
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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