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Article: The effect of smell training on COVID-19 induced smell loss.

Schepens, E J A / de Haas, C J M / Postma, E M / van Dijk, B / Boesveldt, S / Stegeman, I / Kamalski, D M A

2024

Abstract: Objective: while smell training appears to be effective for post viral smell loss, its effectiveness in COVID-19 induced smell loss is currently not well known. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential effect of smell training on patients with ... ...

Abstract	Objective: while smell training appears to be effective for post viral smell loss, its effectiveness in COVID-19 induced smell loss is currently not well known. Therefore, we aim to investigate the potential effect of smell training on patients with COVID-19 induced smell loss. Methods: we conducted a case-control study with two comparable cohorts. One of which (n=111) was instructed to perform smell training twice daily for 12 weeks, therapeutical adherence was monitored on a daily schedule, while the other cohort (n=50) did not perform smell training. The Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST) was used to objectify participants' sense of smell at baseline and after 12 weeks, reported as a Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification (TDI) score. We also determined the association between therapeutical adherence and the TDI scores. Results: we found a significant difference in psychophysical smell function between patients with COVID-19 induced smell disorders who performed 12 weeks of smell training and those who did not. Median TDI difference between groups was 2.00 However, there was no association between the therapeutical adherence and olfactory function. Conclusion: we discovered a significant moderate difference in psychophysical smell function between patients with COVID-19-induced smell disorders who performed smell training and those who did not, implying a possible advantage of training. However, no relationship was found between therapeutical adherence of smell training and olfactory function.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80336-4
ISSN	0300-0729
ISSN	0300-0729
DOI	10.4193/Rhin23.191
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Article ; Online: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Induced Neuroplasticity and the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: State of the Evidence and Future Opportunities.

Fitzsimmons, Sophie M D D / Oostra, Eva / Postma, Tjardo S / van der Werf, Ysbrand D / van den Heuvel, Odile A

Biological psychiatry

2023 Volume 95, Issue 6, Page(s) 592–600

Abstract: Neuroplasticity, or activity-dependent neuronal change, is a crucial mechanism underlying the mechanisms of effect of many therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders, one of which is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Understanding the ... ...

Abstract	Neuroplasticity, or activity-dependent neuronal change, is a crucial mechanism underlying the mechanisms of effect of many therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders, one of which is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Understanding the neuroplastic effects of rTMS at different biological scales and on different timescales and how the effects at different scales interact with each other can help us understand the effects of rTMS in clinical populations and offers the potential to improve treatment outcomes. Several decades of research in the fields of neuroimaging and blood biomarkers is increasingly showing its clinical relevance, allowing measurement of the synaptic, functional, and structural changes involved in neuroplasticity in humans. In this narrative review, we describe the evidence for rTMS-induced neuroplasticity at multiple levels of the nervous system, with a focus on the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We also describe the relationship between neuroplasticity and clinical effects, discuss methods to optimize neuroplasticity, and identify future research opportunities in this area.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Neuroimaging ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	209434-4
ISSN	1873-2402 ; 0006-3223
ISSN (online)	1873-2402
ISSN	0006-3223
DOI	10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.016
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Article: Mechanical ventilation as a major driver of COVID-19 hospitalization costs: a costing study in a German setting.

Zwerwer, Leslie R / Kloka, Jan / van der Pol, Simon / Postma, Maarten J / Zacharowski, Kai / van Asselt, Antoinette D I / Friedrichson, Benjamin

Health economics review

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4

Abstract: Background: While COVID-19 hospitalization costs are essential for policymakers to make informed health care resource decisions, little is known about these costs in western Europe. The aim of the current study is to analyze these costs for a German ... ...

Abstract	Background: While COVID-19 hospitalization costs are essential for policymakers to make informed health care resource decisions, little is known about these costs in western Europe. The aim of the current study is to analyze these costs for a German setting, track the development of these costs over time and analyze the daily costs. Methods: Administrative costing data was analyzed for 598 non-Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and 510 ICU patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Frankfurt University hospital. Descriptive statistics of total per patient hospitalization costs were obtained and assessed over time. Propensity scores were estimated for length of stay (LOS) at the general ward and mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, using covariate balancing propensity score for continuous treatment. Costs for each additional day in the general ward and each additional day in the ICU with and without MV were estimated by regressing the total hospitalization costs on the LOS and the presence or absence of several treatments using generalized linear models, while controlling for patient characteristics, comorbidities, and complications. Results: Median total per patient hospitalization costs were €3,010 (Q1 - Q3: €2,224-€5,273), €5,887 (Q1 - Q3: €3,054-€10,879) and €21,536 (Q1 - Q3: €7,504-€43,480), respectively, for non-ICU patients, non-MV and MV ICU patients. Total per patient hospitalization costs for non-ICU patients showed a slight increase over time, while total per patient hospitalization costs for ICU patients decreased over time. Each additional day in the general ward for non-ICU COVID-19 patients costed €463.66 (SE: 15.89). Costs for each additional day in the general ward and ICU without and with mechanical ventilation for ICU patients were estimated at €414.20 (SE: 22.17), €927.45 (SE: 45.52) and €2,224.84 (SE: 70.24). Conclusions: This is, to our knowledge, the first study examining the costs of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Germany. Estimated costs were overall in agreement with costs found in literature for non-COVID-19 patients, except for higher estimated costs for mechanical ventilation. These estimated costs can potentially improve the precision of COVID-19 cost effectiveness studies in Germany and will thereby allow health care policymakers to provide better informed health care resource decisions in the future.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-16
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2634483-X
ISSN	2191-1991
ISSN	2191-1991
DOI	10.1186/s13561-023-00476-1
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Article ; Online: The value of artificial intelligence for the treatment of mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients: An early health technology assessment.

Zwerwer, Leslie R / van der Pol, Simon / Zacharowski, Kai / Postma, Maarten J / Kloka, Jan / Friedrichson, Benjamin / van Asselt, Antoinette D I

Journal of critical care

2024 Volume 82, Page(s) 154802

Abstract: Purpose: The health and economic consequences of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients often remain unstudied. Early health technology assessments (HTA) can examine the potential impact of AI ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The health and economic consequences of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients often remain unstudied. Early health technology assessments (HTA) can examine the potential impact of AI systems by using available data and simulations. Therefore, we developed a generic health-economic model suitable for early HTA of AI systems for mechanically ventilated patients. Materials and methods: Our generic health-economic model simulates mechanically ventilated patients from their hospitalisation until their death. The model simulates two scenarios, care as usual and care with the AI system, and compares these scenarios to estimate their cost-effectiveness. Results: The generic health-economic model we developed is suitable for estimating the cost-effectiveness of various AI systems. By varying input parameters and assumptions, the model can examine the cost-effectiveness of AI systems across a wide range of different clinical settings. Conclusions: Using the proposed generic health-economic model, investors and innovators can easily assess whether implementing a certain AI system is likely to be cost-effective before an exact clinical impact is determined. The results of the early HTA can aid investors and innovators in deployment of AI systems by supporting development decisions, informing value-based pricing, clinical trial design, and selection of target patient groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632818-0
ISSN	1557-8615 ; 0883-9441
ISSN (online)	1557-8615
ISSN	0883-9441
DOI	10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154802
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Article ; Online: Multidisciplinary tuberculosis care: leveraging the role of hospital pharmacists.

Iskandar, Deni / Pradipta, Ivan S / Anggriani, Ani / Postma, Maarten J / van Boven, Job F M

BMJ open respiratory research

2023 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: Introduction: Optimal pharmacological treatment of tuberculosis (TB) requires a multidisciplinary team, yet the hospital pharmacist's role is unclear. We aimed to analyse hospital pharmacist-provided clinical pharmacy services (CPS) implementation in TB ...

Abstract	Introduction: Optimal pharmacological treatment of tuberculosis (TB) requires a multidisciplinary team, yet the hospital pharmacist's role is unclear. We aimed to analyse hospital pharmacist-provided clinical pharmacy services (CPS) implementation in TB care. Method: A nationwide survey-based online cross-sectional study was conducted on hospital pharmacists in Indonesia from 1 November 2022 to 22 November 2022. Outcomes were the extent of pharmacists' involvement in multidisciplinary TB care, TB-related CPS provided and views on TB-related CPS. The probability of pharmacists' involvement in multidisciplinary TB teams was assessed using logistic regression. Results: In total, 439 pharmacists (mean age 31.2±6.22 years, 78% female) completed the survey. Thirty-six per cent were part of multidisciplinary TB care, and 23% had TB-related tasks. Adherence monitoring (90%) and drug use evaluation (86%) were the most conducted TB-related CPS. Pharmacists' views on TB-related CPS implementation were generally positive, except for financial incentives. Work experience (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.61), ever received TB-related training (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.03 to 6.14) and specific assignments to provide TB-related CPS (OR 8.42, 95% CI 4.99 to 14.59) significantly increased pharmacist involvement in multidisciplinary TB care. Conclusion: Around one-third of hospital pharmacists are part of multidisciplinary TB care, with medication adherence and drug use monitoring as primary tasks. Pharmacists' experience, training, assignment to provide TB-related CPS and financial incentives are key elements for further implementation in multidisciplinary TB care. Pharmacists should proactively support current TB care and conduct operational research, sharing data with healthcare peers and fostering a collaborative multidisciplinary TB care team.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Male ; Pharmacists ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hospitals ; Medication Adherence ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2736454-9
ISSN	2052-4439 ; 2052-4439
ISSN (online)	2052-4439
ISSN	2052-4439
DOI	10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001887
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Article: Can virtual non-contrast imaging replace true non-contrast imaging in multiphase scanning of the neck region?

Al-Difaie, Zaid / Scheepers, Max Hmc / Bouvy, Nicole D / Engelen, Sanne / Havekes, Bas / Postma, Alida A

Acta radiologica open

2023 Volume 12, Issue 8, Page(s) 20584601231205159

Abstract: ... VNC images were reconstructed from 30 s (arterial) and 50 s (venous) post-contrast scans. Regions ...

Abstract	Background: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is an advanced imaging method that enables reconstruction of virtual non-contrast (VNC) images from a contrast-enhanced acquisition. This has the potential to reduce radiation exposure by eliminating the need for a true non-contrast (TNC) phase. Purpose: The purpose is to evaluate the feasibility of VNC images in the neck region. Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients underwent a DECT scan as part of diagnostic workup of primary hyperparathyroidism. VNC images were reconstructed from 30 s (arterial) and 50 s (venous) post-contrast scans. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in thyroid tissue, lymph node, carotid artery, jugular vein, fat, and sternocleidomastoid muscle. Mean densities of all anatomical structures were compared between VNC and TNC images. Results: For all anatomical structures except the thyroid gland, the difference in mean density between TNC and VNC images was less than 15 HU. The mean difference in density between TNC and VNC images of the thyroid was 53.2 HU (95% CI 46.8; 59.6, Conclusion: This study demonstrated an acceptable agreement in density between true non-contrast and virtual non-contrast images for most anatomical structures in the neck region. Therefore, VNC images may have the potential to replace TNC images in the neck. However, due to significant differences in CT density of thyroid tissue, true non-contrast imaging cannot be directly substituted by virtual non-contrast imaging when examining the thyroid and its surrounding tissue.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2818429-4
ISSN	2058-4601
ISSN	2058-4601
DOI	10.1177/20584601231205159
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Article ; Online: Remnants of horizontal transfers of Wolbachia genes in a Wolbachia-free woodwasp.

Queffelec, Joséphine / Postma, Alisa / Allison, Jeremy D / Slippers, Bernard

BMC ecology and evolution

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 36

Abstract: ... we first investigated the presence of Wolbachia in S. noctilio and demonstrated that South African ... populations of the wasp are unlikely to be infected. We then screened the full genome of S. noctilio and found ... in all South African populations of the wasp.: Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that S. noctilio might be ...

Abstract	Background: Wolbachia is a bacterial endosymbiont of many arthropod and nematode species. Due to its capacity to alter host biology, Wolbachia plays an important role in arthropod and nematode ecology and evolution. Sirex noctilio is a woodwasp causing economic loss in pine plantations of the Southern Hemisphere. An investigation into the genome of this wasp revealed the presence of Wolbachia sequences. Due to the potential impact of Wolbachia on the populations of this wasp, as well as its potential use as a biological control agent against invasive insects, this discovery warranted investigation. Results: In this study we first investigated the presence of Wolbachia in S. noctilio and demonstrated that South African populations of the wasp are unlikely to be infected. We then screened the full genome of S. noctilio and found 12 Wolbachia pseudogenes. Most of these genes constitute building blocks of various transposable elements originating from the Wolbachia genome. Finally, we demonstrate that these genes are distributed in all South African populations of the wasp. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that S. noctilio might be compatible with a Wolbachia infection and that the bacteria could potentially be used in the future to regulate invasive populations of the wasp. Understanding the mechanisms that led to a loss of Wolbachia infection in S. noctilio could indicate which host species or host population should be sampled to find a Wolbachia strain that could be used as a biological control against S. noctilio.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Nematoda ; Pinus ; Wasps/genetics ; Wolbachia/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	2730-7182
ISSN (online)	2730-7182
DOI	10.1186/s12862-022-01995-x
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Article: Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Upland-Rice Root Architecture in Relation to Phosphate: 3D Simulations Highlight the Importance of S-Type Lateral Roots for Reducing the Pay-Off Time.

Gonzalez, Daniel / Postma, Johannes / Wissuwa, Matthias

Frontiers in plant science

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 641835

Abstract: ... branch out, large L-types and fine S-types, the latter being unique to the species. All roots including S ... under P deficiency was investigated using a novel 3-D root growth model that treats root hairs ... roots contribute most to P uptake followed by L-type lateral roots and S-type laterals and root hairs ...

Abstract	The rice root system develops a large number of nodal roots from which two types of lateral roots branch out, large L-types and fine S-types, the latter being unique to the species. All roots including S-types are covered by root hairs. To what extent these fine structures contribute to phosphate (P) uptake under P deficiency was investigated using a novel 3-D root growth model that treats root hairs as individual structures with their own Michaelis-Menten uptake kinetics. Model simulations indicated that nodal roots contribute most to P uptake followed by L-type lateral roots and S-type laterals and root hairs. This is due to the much larger root surface area of thicker nodal roots. This thickness, however, also meant that the investment in terms of P needed for producing nodal roots was very large. Simulations relating P costs and time needed to recover that cost through P uptake suggest that producing nodal roots represents a considerable burden to a P-starved plant, with more than 20 times longer pay-off time compared to S-type laterals and root hairs. We estimated that the P cost of these fine root structures is low enough to be recovered within a day of their formation. These results expose a dilemma in terms of optimizing root system architecture to overcome P deficiency: P uptake could be maximized by developing more nodal root tissue, but when P is growth-limiting, adding more nodal root tissue represents an inefficient use of the limiting factor P. In order to improve adaption to P deficiency in rice breeding two complementary strategies seem to exist: (1) decreasing the cost or pay-off time of nodal roots and (2) increase the biomass allocation to S-type roots and root hairs. To what extent genotypic variation exists within the rice gene pool for either strategy should be investigated.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711035-7
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2021.641835
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Article ; Online: Rice increases phosphorus uptake in strongly sorbing soils by intra-root facilitation.

Kuppe, Christian W / Kirk, Guy J D / Wissuwa, Matthias / Postma, Johannes A

Plant, cell & environment

2022 Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 884–899

Abstract: ... fine S-type laterals. It simulates fast- and slowly reacting soil P and the P-solubilizing effect ... laterals outside its depletion- but inside its solubilization zone to maximize P uptake. S-type laterals ...

Abstract	Upland rice (Oryza sativa) is adapted to strongly phosphorus (P) sorbing soils. The mechanisms underlying P acquisition, however, are not well understood, and models typically underestimate uptake. This complicates root ideotype development and trait-based selection for further improvement. We present a novel model, which correctly simulates the P uptake by a P-efficient rice genotype measured over 48 days of growth. The model represents root morphology at the local rhizosphere scale, including root hairs and fine S-type laterals. It simulates fast- and slowly reacting soil P and the P-solubilizing effect of root-induced pH changes in the soil. Simulations predict that the zone of pH changes and P solubilization around a root spreads further into the soil than the zone of P depletion. A root needs to place laterals outside its depletion- but inside its solubilization zone to maximize P uptake. S-type laterals, which are short but hairy, appear to be the key root structures to achieve that. Thus, thicker roots facilitate the P uptake by fine lateral roots. Uptake can be enhanced through longer root hairs and greater root length density but was less sensitive to total root length and root class proportions.
MeSH term(s)	Oryza/genetics ; Phosphorus ; Plant Roots ; Rhizosphere ; Soil/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391893-2
ISSN	1365-3040 ; 0140-7791
ISSN (online)	1365-3040
ISSN	0140-7791
DOI	10.1111/pce.14285
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Article ; Online: Buccal and palatal alveolar bone dimensions in the anterior maxilla: A micro-CT study.

Todorovic, Vladimir S / Postma, Thomas C / Hoffman, Jakobus / van Zyl, Andre W

Clinical implant dentistry and related research

2023 Volume 25, Issue 2, Page(s) 261–270

Abstract: ... micro-CT at the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation. Specialized software was used for 3-D ...

Abstract	Objective: Anterior maxillary immediate implant placement has become a popular procedure. It has aesthetic and functional risks. A prerequisite for success is sufficient alveolar bone for primary stability. Many cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies have assessed alveolar bone dimensions in the anterior maxilla, with varying results. More accurate information on the alveolar bone dimensions in the anterior maxilla is required. The objective of the present study was to evaluate bone dimensions in the anterior maxilla using micro-CT, a high-resolution imaging tool. Materials and methods: Seventy-two human skulls were scanned using micro-CT at the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation. Specialized software was used for 3-D rendering, segmentation, and visualization of the reconstructed volume data. Axial planes were created over each alveolus/tooth from canine to canine. Buccal and palatal bone dimensions were measured at crestal, 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm levels. Results: Buccal bone rarely exceeded 0.5 mm, consisting of bundle bone only for all investigated teeth at all levels. Up to a third of teeth showed buccal fenestrations. Alveolar bone on the palatal side was thicker than buccal and increased from <1 mm at crestal level up to 3.77 mm, 4.56 mm, and 5.43 mm for centrals, laterals, and canines at the 9 mm level, respectively. Conclusions: Immediate implants in the anterior maxillae has anatomical risks. Alveolar bone on the buccal aspect is very thin, with fenestrations in certain positions. Therefore, a thorough planning and individual approach are needed to avoid possible complications and achieve stable aesthetic and functional results in the long-term.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dental Implants ; Alveolar Process/diagnostic imaging ; Maxilla/diagnostic imaging ; X-Ray Microtomography ; Esthetics, Dental ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods
Chemical Substances	Dental Implants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2094300-3
ISSN	1708-8208 ; 1523-0899
ISSN (online)	1708-8208
ISSN	1523-0899
DOI	10.1111/cid.13175
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