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Article ; Online: Point-of-care and self-testing for potassium: recent advances.

Hutter, Tanya / Collings, Thomas S / Kostova, Gratsiela / Karet Frankl, Fiona E

Sensors & diagnostics

2022 Volume 1, Issue 4, Page(s) 614–626

Abstract: Potassium is an important bodily electrolyte which is kept within tight limits in health. Many medical conditions as well as commonly-used drugs either raise or lower blood potassium levels, which can be dangerous or even fatal. For at-risk patients, ... ...

Abstract	Potassium is an important bodily electrolyte which is kept within tight limits in health. Many medical conditions as well as commonly-used drugs either raise or lower blood potassium levels, which can be dangerous or even fatal. For at-risk patients, frequent monitoring of potassium can improve safety and lifestyle, but conventional venous blood draws are inconvenient, don't provide a timely result and may be inaccurate. This review summarises current solutions and recent developments in point-of-care and self-testing potassium measurement technologies, which include devices for measurement of potassium in venous blood, devices for home blood collection and remote measurement, devices for rapid home measurement of potassium, wearable sensors for potassium in interstitial fluid, in sweat, in urine, as well as non-invasive potassium detection. We discuss the practical and clinical applicability of these technologies and provide future outlooks.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2635-0998
ISSN (online)	2635-0998
DOI	10.1039/d2sd00062h
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Article ; Online: The importance of being rare.

Karet Frankl, Fiona E

Lancet (London, England)

2016 Volume 388, Issue 10044, Page(s) 632

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rare Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30667-5
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Ua VI Zs.5: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 94: Show issues

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Article ; Online: To be or not to be….

Karet Frankl, Fiona E

Postgraduate medical journal

2016 Volume 92, Issue 1092, Page(s) 569–570

MeSH term(s)	Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Personnel Management ; Personnel Selection ; Physicians, Women ; Sexism ; Students, Medical
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	80325-x
ISSN	1469-0756 ; 0032-5473
ISSN (online)	1469-0756
ISSN	0032-5473
DOI	10.1136/postgradmedj-2016-134346
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Article ; Online: Disorders of water and acid-base homeostasis.

Karet, Fiona E

Nephron. Physiology

2011 Volume 118, Issue 1, Page(s) p28–34

Abstract: Disorders of water balance lead either to dehydration or overhydration. Because there is an intimate relationship between water and sodium concentration (water generally following salt), one can distinguish hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic dehydration ... ...

Abstract	Disorders of water balance lead either to dehydration or overhydration. Because there is an intimate relationship between water and sodium concentration (water generally following salt), one can distinguish hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic dehydration and the same for overhydration. The vast majority of water balance disorders are acquired. In this article, the focus is on the inherited disorders both of water (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) and acid-base balance. Both acidosis and alkalosis can arise from primary tubular ion transport abnormalities. The alkaloses are usually secondary to salt handling problems, whereas the renal tubular acidoses are often a consequence of primary abnormalities of acid-base transporters.
MeSH term(s)	Acid-Base Imbalance/genetics ; Animals ; Fanconi Syndrome/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genotype ; Homeostasis/genetics ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/genetics ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiopathology ; Models, Genetic
Language	English
Publishing date	2011
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	207121-6
ISSN	1660-2137 ; 1423-0186 ; 2235-3186 ; 1660-8151 ; 0028-2766
ISSN (online)	1660-2137 ; 1423-0186 ; 2235-3186
ISSN	1660-8151 ; 0028-2766
DOI	10.1159/000320885
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Zs.A 169: Show issues

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Article ; Online: HYDROchlorothiazide versus placebo to PROTECT polycystic kidney disease patients and improve their quality of life: study protocol and rationale for the HYDRO-PROTECT randomized controlled trial.

Bais, Thomas / Meijer, Esther / Kramers, Bart J / Vart, Priya / Vervloet, Marc / Salih, Mahdi / Bammens, Bert / Demoulin, Nathalie / Todorova, Polina / Müller, Roman-Ulrich / Halbritter, Jan / Paliege, Alexander / Gall, Emilie Cornec-Le / Knebelmann, Bertrand / Torra, Roser / Ong, Albert C M / Karet Frankl, Fiona E / Gansevoort, Ron T

Trials

2024 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 120

Abstract: Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) leads to progressive renal cyst formation and loss of kidney function in most patients. Vasopressin 2 receptor antagonists (V2RA) like tolvaptan are currently the only available ... ...

Abstract	Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) leads to progressive renal cyst formation and loss of kidney function in most patients. Vasopressin 2 receptor antagonists (V2RA) like tolvaptan are currently the only available renoprotective agents for rapidly progressive ADPKD. However, aquaretic side effects substantially limit their tolerability and therapeutic potential. In a preliminary clinical study, the addition of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) to tolvaptan decreased 24-h urinary volume and appeared to increase renoprotective efficacy. The HYDRO-PROTECT study will investigate the long-term effect of co-treatment with HCT on tolvaptan efficacy (rate of kidney function decline) and tolerability (aquaresis and quality of life) in patients with ADPKD. Methods: The HYDRO-PROTECT study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. The study is powered to enroll 300 rapidly progressive patients with ADPKD aged ≥ 18 years, with an eGFR of > 25 mL/min/1.73 m Outcomes: The primary study outcome is the rate of kidney function decline (expressed as eGFR slope, in mL/min/1.73 m Conclusion: The HYDRO-PROTECT study will demonstrate whether co-treatment with HCT can improve the renoprotective efficacy and tolerability of tolvaptan in patients with ADPKD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tolvaptan/adverse effects ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/diagnosis ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/drug therapy ; Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects ; Quality of Life ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects ; Kidney ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Multicenter Studies as Topic
Chemical Substances	Tolvaptan (21G72T1950) ; Hydrochlorothiazide (0J48LPH2TH) ; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2040523-6
ISSN	1745-6215 ; 1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
ISSN (online)	1745-6215
ISSN	1468-6694 ; 1745-6215
DOI	10.1186/s13063-024-07952-x
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Article ; Online: Mechanisms in hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis.

Karet, Fiona E

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN

2009 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 251–254

Abstract: The form of renal tubular acidosis associated with hyperkalemia is usually attributable to real or apparent hypoaldosteronism. It is therefore a common feature in diabetes and a number of other conditions associated with underproduction of renin or ... ...

Abstract	The form of renal tubular acidosis associated with hyperkalemia is usually attributable to real or apparent hypoaldosteronism. It is therefore a common feature in diabetes and a number of other conditions associated with underproduction of renin or aldosterone. In addition, the close relationship between potassium levels and ammonia production dictates that hyperkalemia per se can lead to acidosis. Here I describe the modern relationship between molecular function of the distal portion of the nephron, pathways of ammoniagenesis, and hyperkalemia.
MeSH term(s)	Acidosis/pathology ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular/metabolism ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular/physiopathology ; Aldosterone/metabolism ; Ammonia/metabolism ; Animals ; Epithelial Sodium Channels/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia/metabolism ; Hyperkalemia/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/pathology ; Models, Biological ; Nephrons/pathology ; Potassium/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Epithelial Sodium Channels ; Aldosterone (4964P6T9RB) ; Ammonia (7664-41-7) ; Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1085942-1
ISSN	1533-3450 ; 1046-6673
ISSN (online)	1533-3450
ISSN	1046-6673
DOI	10.1681/ASN.2008020166
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Zs.A 3344: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Magnesium lactate in the treatment of Gitelman syndrome: patient-reported outcomes.

Robinson, Caroline M / Karet Frankl, Fiona E

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

2017 Volume 32, Issue 3, Page(s) 508–512

Abstract: Background: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare recessively inherited renal tubulopathy associated with renal potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) loss. It requires lifelong K and Mg supplementation at high doses that are at best unpalatable and at worst, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare recessively inherited renal tubulopathy associated with renal potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) loss. It requires lifelong K and Mg supplementation at high doses that are at best unpalatable and at worst, intolerable. In particular, gastrointestinal side effects often limit full therapeutic usage. Methods: We report here the analysis of a cohort of 28 adult patients with genetically proven GS who attend our specialist tubular disorders clinic, in whom we initiated the use of a modified-release Mg preparation (slow-release Mg lactate) and who were surveyed by questionnaire. Results: Twenty-five patients (89%) preferred the new treatment regimen. Of these 25, 17 (68%) regarded their symptom burden as improved and seven reported no worsening. Of the 25 who were not Mg-treatment naïve, 13 (59%) patients reported fewer side effects, 7 (32%) described them as the same and only 2 (9%) considered side effects to be worse. Five were able to increase their dose without ill-effect. Overall, biochemistry improved in 91% of the 23 patients switched from therapy with other preparations who chose to continue the modified-release Mg preparation. Eleven (48%) improved both their Mg and K mean levels, 3 (13%) improved Mg levels only and in 7 cases (30%), K levels alone rose. Conclusions: Patient-reported and biochemical outcomes using modified-release Mg supplements were very favourable, and patient choice should play a large part in choosing Mg supplements with GS patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Gitelman Syndrome/drug therapy ; Humans ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Delayed-Action Preparations ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017--01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	90594-x
ISSN	1460-2385 ; 0931-0509
ISSN (online)	1460-2385
ISSN	0931-0509
DOI	10.1093/ndt/gfw019
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Zs.A 2198: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 329: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Size-Exclusion Chromatography Separation Reveals That Vesicular and Non-Vesicular Small RNA Profiles Differ in Cell Free Urine.

Karttunen, Jenni / Stewart, Sarah E / Kalmar, Lajos / Grant, Andrew J / Karet Frankl, Fiona E / Williams, Tim L

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 9

Abstract: Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo are a novel source of biomarkers for various diseases. We aimed to identify the optimal method for isolating small (<200 nm) EVs from human urine prior to small RNA analysis. EVs from filtered ... ...

Abstract	Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their RNA cargo are a novel source of biomarkers for various diseases. We aimed to identify the optimal method for isolating small (<200 nm) EVs from human urine prior to small RNA analysis. EVs from filtered healthy volunteer urine were concentrated using three methods: ultracentrifugation (UC); a precipitation-based kit (PR); and ultrafiltration (UF). EVs were further purified by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). EV preparations were analysed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and an Agilent Bioanalyzer Small RNA kit. UF yielded the highest number of particles both before and after SEC. Small RNA analysis from UF-concentrated urine identified two major peaks at 10-40 nucleotides (nt) and 40-80 nt. In contrast, EV preparations obtained after UC, PR or SEC combined with any concentrating method, contained predominantly 40-80 nt sized small RNA. Protein fractions from UF+SEC contained small RNA of 10-40 nt in size (consistent with miRNAs). These data indicate that most of the microRNA-sized RNAs in filtered urine are not associated with small-sized EVs, and highlights the importance of removing non-vesicular proteins and RNA from urine EV preparations prior to small RNA analysis.
MeSH term(s)	Cell-Free System ; Chromatography, Gel ; Extracellular Vesicles/genetics ; Extracellular Vesicles/ultrastructure ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/urine ; Ultracentrifugation ; Ultrafiltration
Chemical Substances	MicroRNAs
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms22094881
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Article ; Online: Extra-renal locations of the a4 subunit of H(+)ATPase.

Golder, Zoe J / Karet Frankl, Fiona E

BMC cell biology

2016 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 27

Abstract: Background: Vacuolar-type proton pumps help maintain acid-base homeostasis either within intracellular compartments or at specialised plasma membranes. In mammals they are made up of 13 subunits, which form two functional domains. A number of the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Vacuolar-type proton pumps help maintain acid-base homeostasis either within intracellular compartments or at specialised plasma membranes. In mammals they are made up of 13 subunits, which form two functional domains. A number of the subunits have variants that display tissue restricted expression patterns such that in specialised cell types they replace the generic subunits at some sub-cellular locations. The tissue restricted a4 subunit has previously been reported at the plasma membrane in the kidney, inner ear, olfactory epithelium and male reproductive tract. Results: In this study novel locations of the a4 subunit were investigated using an Atp6v0a4 knockout mouse line in which a LacZ reporter cassette replaced part of the gene. The presence of a4 in the olfactory epithelium was further investigated and the additional presence of C2 and d2 subunits identified. The a4 subunit was found in the uterus of pregnant animals and a4 was identified along with d2 and C2 in the embryonic visceral yolk sac. In the male reproductive tract a4 was seen in the novel locations of the prostatic alveoli and the ampullary glands as well as the previously reported epididymis and vas deferens. Conclusions: The identification of novel locations for the a4 subunit and other tissue-restricted subunits increases the range of unique subunit combinations making up the proton pump. These studies suggest additional roles of the proton pump, indicating a further range of homologue-specific functions for tissue-restricted subunits.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Blotting, Western ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/metabolism ; Genitalia, Male/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Biological ; Olfactory Mucosa/metabolism ; Olfactory Pathways/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Protein Subunits/metabolism ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism ; Vomeronasal Organ/metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Protein Subunits ; beta-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) ; Atp6v0a4 protein, mouse (EC 3.6.1.-) ; Proton-Translocating ATPases (EC 3.6.3.14)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-07-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2121
ISSN (online)	1471-2121
DOI	10.1186/s12860-016-0106-8
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Article ; Online: Excretory-secretory products from the brown stomach worm, Teladorsagia circumcincta, exert antimicrobial activity in in vitro growth assays.

Rooney, James / Williams, Timothy L / Northcote, Holly M / Frankl, Fiona E Karet / Price, Daniel R G / Nisbet, Alasdair J / Morphew, Russell M / Cantacessi, Cinzia

Parasites & vectors

2022 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 354

Abstract: ... activity were identified in both EVs and EV-depleted ESPs from adult T. circumcincta. Whilst exposure of E ...

Abstract	Background: Over the past decade, evidence has emerged of the ability of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites to alter the composition of the host gut microbiome; however, the mechanism(s) underpinning such interactions remain unclear. In the current study, we (i) undertake proteomic analyses of the excretory-secretory products (ESPs), including secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), of the 'brown stomach worm' Teladorsagia circumcincta, one of the major agents causing parasite gastroenteritis in temperate areas worldwide; (ii) conduct bioinformatic analyses to identify and characterise antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with putative antimicrobial activity; and (iii) assess the bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic properties of T. circumcincta EVs, and whole and EV-depleted ESPs, using bacterial growth inhibition assays. Methods: Size-exclusion chromatography was applied to the isolation of EVs from whole T. circumcincta ESPs, followed by EV characterisation via nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Proteomic analysis of EVs and EV-depleted ESPs was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and prediction of putative AMPs was performed using available online tools. The antimicrobial activities of T. circumcincta EVs and of whole and EV-depleted ESPs against Escherichia coli were evaluated using bacterial growth inhibition assays. Results: Several molecules with putative antimicrobial activity were identified in both EVs and EV-depleted ESPs from adult T. circumcincta. Whilst exposure of E. coli to whole ESPs resulted in a significant reduction of colony-forming units over 3 h, bacterial growth was not reduced following exposure to worm EVs or EV-depleted ESPs. Conclusions: Our data points towards a bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic function of T. circumcincta ESPs, likely mediated by molecules with antimicrobial activity.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic ; Ostertagia ; Proteomics ; Stomach
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2409480-8
ISSN	1756-3305 ; 1756-3305
ISSN (online)	1756-3305
ISSN	1756-3305
DOI	10.1186/s13071-022-05443-z
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